Cultural Anthropology in a Globalizing World 3rd Revised edition

Successfully integrating attention to globalization, gender, class, race and ethnicity, and the environment, this text engages students with compelling ethnographic examples and by demonstrating the relevance of anthropology.

Faculty and students praise the book’s proven ability to generate class discussion, increase faculty-student engagement, and enhance student learning.

This book, based on Miller's full-length Cultural Anthropology text, will generate class discussion, increase faculty-student engagement, and enhance student learning. Material throughout the book highlights the relevance of anthropology to students and how they can apply in their careers. By entwining attention to key theories for understanding culture with an emphasis on relevance of anthropological knowledge and skills, this text is the perfect choice for introductory cultural anthropology courses.

Note: MyAnthroLab does not come automatically packaged with this text. To purchase MyAnthroLab, please visit www.MyAnthroLab.com or you can purchase a valuepack of the text + MyAnthroLab (9780205249671)

Successfully integrating attention to globalization, gender, class, race and ethnicity, and the environment, this text engages students with compelling ethnographic examples and by demonstrating the relevance of anthropology. Faculty and students praise the book's proven ability to generate class discussion, increase faculty-student engagement, and enhance student learning. This book, based on Miller's full-length Cultural Anthropology text, will generate class discussion, increase faculty-student engagement, and enhance student learning. Material throughout the book highlights the relevance of anthropology to students and how they can apply in their careers. By entwining attention to key theories for understanding culture with an emphasis on relevance of anthropological knowledge and skills, this text is the perfect choice for introductory cultural anthropology courses. Note: MyAnthroLab does not come automatically packaged with this text. To purchase MyAnthroLab, please visit www.MyAnthroLab.com or you can purchase a valuepack of the text + MyAnthroLab (9780205249671)

Preface		xv
About The Author		xxi
1 Anthropology And The Study Of Culture		3	(24)
The Big Questions		3	(1)
Introducing Anthropology		4	(1)
Biological or Physical Anthropology		5	(1)
Archaeology		5	(1)
Anthropology works Orangutan Research Leads to Orangutan Advocacy		6	(8)
Linguistic Anthropology		7	(1)
Cultural Anthropology		8	(1)
Applied Anthropology: Separate Field or Cross-Cutting Focus?		8	(1)
Introducing Cultural Anthropology		8	(1)
A Brief History of Cultural Anthropology		9	(2)
The Concept of Culture		11	(3)
Everyday Anthropology Latina Power in the Kitchen		14	(13)
Multiple Cultural Worlds		17	(2)
Culturama San Peoples of Southern Africa		19	(1)
Distinctive Features of Cultural Anthropology		20	(2)
Three Theoretical Debates in Cultural Anthropology		22	(1)
Cultural Anthropology and Careers		23	(1)
Majoring in Anthropology		23	(1)
Graduate Study in Anthropology		23	(1)
Living an Anthropological Life		23	(1)
The Big Questions Revisited		24	(1)
Key Concepts		24	(1)
Suggested Readings		25	(2)
2 Researching Culture		27	(20)
The Big Questions		27	(1)
Changing Research Methods		28	(1)
From the Armchair to the Field		28	(1)
Participant Observation		28	(1)
Doing Fieldwork in Cultural Anthropology		29	(1)
Beginning the Fieldwork Process		29	(1)
Anthropology works What's for Breakfast in California?		30	(9)
Culturama The Trobriand Islanders of Papua New Guinea		32	(1)
Working in the Field		33	(2)
Fieldwork Techniques		35	(4)
Eye on the environment Inuit Place Names and Landscape Knowledge		39	(8)
Recording Culture		40	(1)
Data Analysis		41	(1)
Urgent Issues in Cultural Anthropology Research		41	(1)
Ethics and Collaborative Research		41	(2)
Safety in the Field		43	(1)
The Big Questions Revisited		44	(1)
Key Concepts		45	(1)
Suggested Readings		45	(2)
3 Economic Systems		47	(24)
The Big Questions		47	(1)
Modes of Livelihood		48	(1)
Foraging		48	(2)
Everyday Anthropology The Importance of Dogs		50	(14)
Horticulture		51	(3)
Pastoralism		54	(1)
Agriculture		54	(3)
Industrialism and the Information Age		57	(1)
Modes of Consumption and Exchange		57	(1)
Modes of Consumption		58	(3)
Modes of Exchange		61	(3)
Anthropology Works Evaluating Indian Gaming		64	(7)
Globalization and Changing Economies		65	(1)
Sugar, Salt, and Steel Tools in the Amazon		65	(1)
Alternative Food Movements in Europe and North America		66	(1)
Continuities and Resistance: The Enduring Potlatch		66	(1)
Culturama The Kwakwaka wakw of Canada		67	(1)
The Big Questions Revisited		68	(1)
Key Concepts		68	(1)
Suggested Readings		69	(2)
4 Reproduction And Human Development		71	(24)
The Big Questions		71	(1)
Modes of Reproduction		72	(1)
The Foraging Mode of Reproduction		72	(1)
The Agricultural Mode of Reproduction		72	(1)
The Industrial/Informatic Mode of Reproduction		73	(1)
Culturama The Old Order Amish of the United States and Canada		74	(1)
Culture and Fertility		75	(1)
Sexual Intercourse		75	(1)
Anthropology Works Studying Sexual Behavior among MSM in New York City		76	(10)
Fertility Decision Making		77	(2)
Fertility Control		79	(1)
Infanticide		80	(1)
Personality and the Life Cycle		81	(1)
Birth, Infancy, and Childhood		81	(2)
Socialization During Childhood		83	(1)
Adolescence and Identity		83	(3)
Critical Thinking Cultural Relativism and Female Genital Cutting		86	(9)
Adulthood		88	(4)
The Big Questions Revisited		92	(1)
Key Concepts		92	(1)
Suggested Readings		93	(2)
5 Disease, Illness, And Healing		95	(22)
The Big Questions		95	(1)
Ethnomecdicine		96	(1)
Defining and Classifying Health Problems		96	(3)
Ethno-Etiologies		99	(1)
Healing Ways		99	(3)
Eye On The Environment Local Botanical Knowledge and Child Health in the Bolivian Amazon		102	(10)
Three Theoretical Approaches		103	(1)
The Ecological/Epidemiological Approach		104	(1)
The Interpretivist Approach		105	(1)
Critical Medical Anthropology		105	(3)
Globalization and Change		108	(1)
New Infectious Diseases		108	(1)
Diseases of Development		108	(1)
Medical Pluralism		109	(1)
Culturama The Sherpa of Nepal		110	(2)
Anthropology Works Delivering Health Care in Rural Haiti		112	(5)
Applied Medical Anthropology		112	(2)
The Big Questions Revisited		114	(1)
Key Concepts		114	(1)
Suggested Readings		115	(2)
6 Kinship And Domestic Life		117	(22)
The Big Questions		117	(1)
How Cultures Create Kinship		118	(1)
Studying Kinship: From Formal Analysis to Kinship in Action		119	(1)
Descent		120	(2)
Everyday Anthropology What's in a Name?		122	(10)
Sharing		12	(112)
Culturama The Minangkabau of Indonesia		124	(1)
Marriage		125	(5)
Households and Domestic Life		130	(1)
The Household: Variations on a Theme		130	(1)
Intrahousehold Dynamics		130	(2)
Anthropology Works Preventing Wife Abuse in Rural Kentucky		132	(7)
Changing Kinship and Household Dynamics		133	(1)
Change in Descent		133	(1)
Change in Marriage		133	(1)
Changing Households		134	(2)
The Big Questions Revisited		136	(1)
Key Concepts		136	(1)
Suggested Readings		137	(2)
7 Social Groups And Social Stratification		139	(20)
The Big Questions		139	(1)
Social Groups		140	(1)
Friendship		141	(1)
Everyday Anthropology Making Friends		142	(13)
Clubs and Fraternities/Sororities		143	(1)
Countercultural Groups		144	(2)
Cooperatives		146	(1)
Social Stratification		147	(1)
Achieved Status: Class		148	(1)
Ascribed Status: "Race," Ethnicity, Gender, and Caste		148	(3)
Culturama The Roma of Eastern Europe		151	(2)
Civil Society		153	(1)
Civil Society for the State: The Chinese Women's Movement		154	(1)
Activist Groups: Co-Madres		154	(1)
New Social Movements and the New Social Media		154	(1)
Anthropology Works Forensic Anthropology for the Maya of Guatemala		155	(4)
The Big Questions Revisited		156	(1)
Key Concepts		156	(1)
Suggested Readings		157	(2)
8 Political And Legal Systems		159	(22)
The Big Questions		159	(1)
Politics, Political Organization, and Leadership		160	(1)
Bands		161	(1)
Tribes		162	(1)
Chiefdoms		163	(1)
States		164	(1)
Social Order and Social Conflict		165	(1)
Norms and Laws		166	(1)
Systems of Social Control		167	(3)
Critical Thinking Yanomami: The "Fierce People"?		170	(4)
Social Conflict and Violence		170	(4)
Anthropology Works Anthropology and Community Activism in Papua New Guinea		174	(7)
Change in Political and Legal Systems		175	(1)
Emerging Nations and Transnational Nations		175	(1)
Democratization		175	(1)
Culturama The Kurds of the Middle East		176	(1)
The United Nations and International Peacekeeping		177	(1)
The Big Questions Revisited		178	(1)
Key Concepts		178	(1)
Suggested Readings		179	(2)
9 Communication		181	(22)
The Big Questions		181	(1)
The Varieties of Human Communication		182	(1)
Language and Verbal Communication		182	(2)
Nonverbal Language and Embodied Communication		184	(1)
Anthropology Works Narrating Troubles		185	(14)
Communicating with Media and Information Technology		187	(2)
Language, Diversity, and Inequality		189	(1)
Language and Culture: Two Theories		189	(1)
Critical Discourse Analysis: Gender and "Race"		190	(2)
Language Change		192	(1)
The Origins and History of Language		192	(1)
Historical Linguistics		193	(1)
Writing Systems		194	(1)
Colonialism, Nationalism, and Globalization		195	(2)
Endangered Languages and Language Revitalization		197	(1)
Culturama The Saami of Sapmi, or Lapland		198	(1)
Critical Thinking Should Dying Languages Be Revived?		199	(4)
The Big Questions Revisited		200	(1)
Key Concepts		201	(1)
Suggested Readings		201	(2)
10 Religion		203	(26)
The Big Questions		203	(1)
Religion in Comparative Perspective		204	(1)
What Is Religion?		204	(1)
Varieties of Religious Beliefs		205	(1)
Eye On The Environment Eagle Protection, National Parks, and the Preservation of Hopi Culture		206	(4)
Ritual Practices		209	(1)
Anthropology Works Aboriginal Women's Culture and Sacred Site Protection		210	(19)
Religious Specialists		212	(1)
World Religions and Local Variations		213	(1)
Hinduism		214	(1)
Buddhism		215	(2)
Judaism		217	(2)
Christianity		219	(1)
Islam		220	(1)
Culturama Hui Muslims of Xi'an, China		221	(1)
African Religions		222	(2)
Directions of Religious Change		224	(1)
Revitalization Movements		224	(1)
Contested Sacred Sites		225	(1)
Religious Freedom as a Human Right		225	(1)
The Big Questions Revisited		226	(1)
Key Concepts		226	(1)
Suggested Readings		227	(2)
11 Expressive Culture		229	(22)
The Big Questions		229	(1)
Art and Culture		230	(1)
What Is Art?		230	(1)
Critical Thinking Probing the Categories of Art		231	(15)
Studying Art in Society		232	(2)
Performance Arts		234	(2)
Architecture and Decorative Arts		236	(2)
Play, Leisure, and Culture		238	(1)
Games and Sports as a Cultural Microcosm		239	(1)
Leisure Travel		240	(2)
Cuiturama The Gullah of South Carolina		242	(1)
Change in Expressive Culture		243	(1)
Colonialism and Syncretism		243	(1)
Tourism's Complex Effects		244	(2)
Anthropology Works A Strategy on Cultural Heritage for the World Bank		246	(5)
The Big Questions Revisited		248	(1)
Key Concepts		248	(1)
Suggested Readings		249	(2)
12 People On The Move		251	(20)
The Big Questions		251	(1)
Categories of Migration		252	(1)
Categories Based on Spatial Boundaries		252	(2)
Critical Thinking Haitian Cane Cutters in the Dominican Republic: Structure or Agency?		254	(12)
Categories Based on Reason for Moving		254	(4)
Culturama The Maya of Guatemala		258	(1)
The New Immigrants to the United States and Canada		259	(1)
The New Immigrants from Latin America and the Caribbean		260	(2)
The New Immigrants from Asia		262	(2)
The New Immigrants from the Former Soviet Union		264	(1)
Migration Policies and Programs in a Globalizing World		265	(1)
Protecting Migrants' Health		265	(1)
Inclusion and Exclusion		265	(1)
Anthropology Works Mapping African Pastoralists' Movements for Risk Assessment and Service Delivery		266	(5)
Migration and Human Rights		267	(1)
The Big Questions Revisited		268	(1)
Key Concepts		268	(1)
Suggested Readings		269	(2)
13 People Defining Development		271	(24)
The Big Questions		271	(1)
Defining Development and Approaches to It		272	(1)
Two Processes of Cultural Change		273	(1)
Theories and Models of Development		273	(1)
Anthropology Works The Saami, Snowmobiles, and Social Impact Analysis		274	(14)
Institutional Approaches to Development		276	(2)
The Development Project		278	(1)
Culturama Peyizan Yo of Haiti		279	(2)
Development, Indigenous People, and Women		281	(1)
Indigenous People and Development		282	(3)
Women and Development		285	(2)
Urgent Issues in Development		287	(1)
Eye On The Environment Oil, Environmental Degradation, and Human Rights in the Niger Delta		288	(7)
Life Projects and Human Rights		289	(1)
Cultural Heritage and Development: Linking the Past and Present to the Future		290	(1)
Cultural Anthropology and the Future		291	(1)
The Big Questions Revisited		292	(1)
Key Concepts		293	(1)
Suggested Readings		293	(2)
Photo Credits		295
Glossary		29	(274)
References		303	(12)
Index		315

In This Section: I. Author Bio II. Author Letter I. Author Bio Barbara Miller is Professor of Anthropology and International Affairs, and Director of the Culture in Global Affairs (CIGA) Research and Policy Program, at The George Washington University. She received her Ph.D. in anthropology from Syracuse University in 1978. Before coming to GW in 1994, she taught at the University of Rochester, SUNY Cortland, Ithaca College, Cornell University, and the University of Pittsburgh. Barbara's research has focused mainly on gender-based inequalities in India, especially the nutritional and medical neglect of daughters in the northern part of the country. She has also conducted research on culture and rural development in Bangladesh, on low-income household dynamics in Jamaica, and on Hindu adolescents in Pittsburgh. Her current interests include continued research on India along with attention to the role of cultural anthropology in informing policy issues, especially as related to women, children, and other disenfranchised people. She teaches courses on introductory cultural anthropology, medical anthropology, development anthropology, culture and population, health and development in South Asia, migration and mental health, and culture and security. She has published many journal articles and book chapters and several books: The Endangered Sex: Neglect of Female Children in Rural North India, 2nd ed. (Oxford University Press 1997), an edited volume, Sex and Gender Hierarchies (Cambridge University Press 1993), and a co-edited volume with Alf Hiltebeitel, Hair: Its Power and Meaning in Asian Cultures (SUNY Press 1998). In addition to Cultural Anthropology in a Globalizing World, second edition, she is the author of Cultural Anthropology, fifth edition (Pearson 2008) and the lead author of Anthropology, second edition(Pearson 2008). Barbara launched a blog in 2009 (anthropologyworks.com) which includes her thoughts on important findings and debates in anthropology, a weekly feature covering anthropologists in the mainstream media, and guests posts. You can also follow her via Twitter @anthroworks. II. Author Letter Dear Colleague, Most cultural anthropology textbooks are pretty much the same over the years, with a few new photos and minor tweaks. But culture is changing all the time. Climate change means that longstanding livelihoods are endangered. New states are formed. Through new social media, people have more "friends" than ever before, and perhaps more friends than they can manage to maintain as "friends." Some languages die out, while some groups work hard to keep their languages alive. This is just to name a few. This message is to let you know about some of the highlights of the 3rd edition of Cultural Anthropology in a Globalizing World. I think you will find it to be the most current, exciting, and engaging cultural anthropology textbook for your students. Since the publication of the previous edition of Cultural Anthropology in a Globalizing World two years ago, several major events demand attention, including the earthquake in Haiti and the Gulf oil spill. Thanks to anthropologists who study such events and convey their findings to fellow academics and the public, we, as faculty, can better teach about culture in an ever-changing world. One aspect of this revision that I very much enjoyed was incorporating new material that I learned about through my blog, anthropologyworks.com. I dedicate some time every day to scanning the media for any mention of anthropology to include in my weekly "anthro in the news" feature. Through this commitment, I learn about both "what's new" and "what's important" in anthropology. That learning enlivens Cultural Anthropology in a Globalizing World 3e in every chapter. Other distinctive "Miller features" of this edition include: * A thought-provoking box in each chapter called 'AnthropologyWorks' that provides an example of how knowledge in cultural anthropology is used to prevent or solve social problems. For example, your students will be fascinated and inspired by the box describing Paul Farmer's work in providing health care in Haiti. * Several new photographs arranged in pairs or trios, with linked captions, offer a mini-photo essay for students to ponder. * Updates based on the latest research about how people seek health advice on the Internet, homelessness in the United States, texting and Textese, and oil-related environmental disasters. * Several new Key Concepts distinguish my textbook from others and offer students connections with other courses they are taking: asexuality, corporate social responsibility, food security, sectarian conflict, and social justice. * MyAnthroLibrary, new to this edition, offers selections of current, brief articles on engaging topics listed at the end of each chapter and available at no cost for students through MyAnthroLab. I know that you want to get your students excited about cultural anthropology and help them see the relevance of it to their lives and careers. Therefore, you should choose my book! I appreciate your interest in the 3rd edition of Cultural Anthropology in a Globalizing World, and I would be grateful for any comments you might have about it. Sincerely yours, Barbara Miller George Washington University Email: barbar@gwu.edu Blog: anthropologyworks.com Twitter: anthroworks.com Webpage: http://www.gwu.edu/~anth/who/miller.cfm