Muscles: Testing and Function, with Posture and Pain: Includes a Bonus Primal Anatomy CD-ROM 5th revised international ed

Offers coverage of manual muscle testing, plus evaluation and treatment of faulty and painful postural conditions. This title features a section on post-polio syndrome, additional case studies comparing Guillain-Barre to polio muscle tests, a full-color design, and a first-of-its-kind chart of upper extremity articulations.

This renowned classic provides unparalleled coverage of manual muscle testing, plus evaluation and treatment of faulty and painful postural conditions. The thoroughly updated Fifth Edition is completely reorganized and has new, expanded treatment and exercise sections in each chapter. Other features include a new section on post-polio syndrome, additional case studies comparing Guillain-Barre to polio muscle tests, a new full-color design, and a first-of-its-kind chart of upper extremity articulations. A bonus Primal Anatomy CD-ROM contains a three-dimensional interactive model of the human body. Students can rotate the model and add or subtract layers of anatomy to strengthen their knowledge.

Foreword		vii
Preface		ix
Acknowledgments		xi
1 Fundamental Concepts		1	(48)
Introduction		3	(46)
Manual Muscle Testing		5	(3)
Objectivity in Muscle Testing		8	(1)
Musculoskeletal System		9	(1)
Joints: Definitions & Classification, Chart		10	(1)
Gross Structure of Muscle		11	(1)
Range of Motion and Muscle Length		12	(1)
Classification for Strength Tests		13	(4)
Strength Testing Procedures		17	(1)
Suggested Order of Muscle Tests		18	(6)
Grading Strength		24
Key to Muscle Grading		23	(2)
Nerve Plexus		25	(4)
Spinal Nerve and Muscle Charts		29	(2)
Treatment Fundamentals		31	(2)
Neuromuscular Problems		33	(2)
Musculoskeletal Problems		35	(1)
Treatment Procedures		36	(1)
Treatment Modalities		37	(1)
Polio: Factors Influencing Treatment		38	(5)
Polio and Postpolio Muscle Tests		43	(1)
Complications of Polio		44	(1)
Post-Polio Suggested Readings		45	(2)
References		47	(2)
2 Posture		49	(70)
Introduction		51	(1)
Section I Fundamentals of Posture
Posture and Pain		52	(1)
Body Segments		53	(1)
Anatomical and Zero Positions, and Axes		54	(1)
Basic Planes and Center of Gravity		55	(1)
Movements in the Coronal Plane		56	(1)
Movements in the Sagittal Plane		57	(1)
Movements in the Transverse Plane		58	(5)
The Standard Posture		63	(1)
Section II Postural Alignment
Types of Postural Alignment		64	(5)
Segmental Alignment: Side View		69	(2)
Abdominal Muscles in Relation to Posture		71	(1)
Sway-Back Posture		72	(1)
Ideal Alignment: Posterior View		73	(2)
Faulty Alignment: Posterior View		75	(1)
Handedness: Effect on Posture		76	(1)
Faulty Posture: Side and Back Views		77	(2)
Shoulders and Scapulae		79	(4)
Posture of Feet, Knees and Legs		83	(1)
Radiograph of Legs		84	(1)
Sitting Posture		85	(3)
Section III Postural Examinations
Procedure for Postural Examination		88	(1)
Postural Examination Chart		89	(2)
Good and Faulty Posture: Summary Chart		91	(2)
Faulty Posture: Analysis and Treatment, Charts		93	(1)
Faulty Leg, Knee, and Foot Positions, Chart		94	(1)
Acquired Postural Weakness		95	(2)
Section IV Posture of Children
Factors Influencing Children's Posture		97	(3)
Good and Faulty Posture of Children		100	(1)
Normal Flexibility According to Age Level		101	(2)
Flexibility Tests: Charts		103	(2)
Problems with "Physical Fitness Tests"		105	(2)
Section V Scoliosis
Introduction		107	(1)
Scoliosis from Neuromuscular Disease		108	(3)
Postural Examination, and Chart		111	(1)
Functional Scoliosis		112	(2)
Exercises and Supports		114	(1)
Early Intervention		115	(1)
Corrective Exercises		116	(1)
References		117	(2)
3 Head and Face		119	(22)
Introduction		121	(1)
Section I Innervation
Cranial Nerves and Deep Facial Muscles		122	(1)
Cervical Nerves and Superficial Facial and Neck Muscles		123	(1)
Temporomandibular Joint Movement		124	(1)
Cranial Nerve and Muscle Chart		125	(2)
Section II Facial and Eye Muscles
Facial and Eye Muscles, Charts		127	(6)
Facial and Eye Muscles Tests		133	(2)
Section III Facial Paralysis
Case #1		135	(2)
Case #2		137	(2)
Muscles of Deglutition		139	(1)
References		140	(1)
4 Neck		141	(24)
Introduction		143	(1)
Section I Innervation and Movements		144	(4)
Spinal Cord and Nerve Roots		144	(1)
Spinal Nerve and Muscle Chart		144	(1)
Cervical Plexus		145	(1)
Joint Movements of the Cervical Spine		146	(1)
Neck Range of Motion		147	(1)
Section II Neck Muscles		148	(6)
Anterior and Lateral Neck Muscles, Charts		149	(2)
Suprahyoid and Infrahyoid Muscles		151	(1)
Cervical Spine Extension and Flexion		152	(1)
Faulty Head and Neck Positions		153	(1)
Section III Neck Muscle Tests		154	(5)
Anterior Neck Flexors		154	(1)
Error in Testing Neck Flexors		155	(1)
Anterolateral Neck Flexors		156	(1)
Posterolateral Neck Flexors		157	(1)
Upper Trapezius		158	(1)
Section IV Painful Conditions		159	(3)
Tight Posterior Neck Muscles		159	(1)
Upper Trapezius Strain		160	(1)
Cervical Nerve Root Pressure		160	(1)
Computer Ergonomics		161	(1)
Section V Treatment		162	(2)
Massage of Neck Muscles		162	(1)
Exercises to Stretch Neck Muscles		163	(1)
References		164	(1)
5 Trunk and Respiratory Muscles		165	(80)
Introduction		167	(1)
Section I Trunk		168	(19)
Innvervation, Chart		168	(1)
Joints of Vertebral Column		168	(1)
Trunk Range of Motion		169	(1)
Movements of Vertebral Column		169	(3)
Movements of Spine and Pelvis		172	(2)
Tests for Length of Posterior Muscles		174	(1)
Variation in Length of Posterior Muscles		175	(1)
Trunk Muscles		176	(1)
Neck and Back Extensors, Illustration		177	(2)
Neck and Back Extensors, Charts		179	(1)
Back and Hip Extensors		180	(1)
Back Extensors: Testing and Grading		181	(1)
Strong Back Extensors, Misdiagnosed		182	(1)
Quadratus Lumborum		183	(1)
Lateral Trunk Flexors and Hip Abductors		184	(1)
Lateral Trunk Flexors: Testing and Grading		185	(1)
Oblique Trunk Flexors: Testing and Grading		186	(1)
Section II Abdominal Muscles		187	(32)
Analysis of Curled-Trunk Sit-Ups		187	(2)
Movements during Curled-Trunk Sit-Ups		189	(3)
Muscles during Curled-Trunk Sit-Ups		192	(1)
Trunk Movement		193	(1)
Rectus Abdominis, Illustration		194	(1)
External Oblique, Illustration		195	(1)
Internal Oblique, Illustration		196	(1)
Tranversus Abdominis, Illustration		197	(1)
Obliques: Weakness and Shortness		198	(1)
Divisions of Abdominal Muscles, Chart		199	(2)
Differentiating Upper and Lower Abdominals		201	(2)
Upper Abdominal Muscles: Testing and Grading		203	(1)
Abdominal Muscle Weakness: Trunk Raising		204	(1)
Abdominal and Hip Flexor Imbalance		205	(3)
Sit-Up Exercises		208	(1)
Therapeutic Exercises: Trunk Curl		209	(2)
Abdominal Muscles During Leg Lowering		211	(2)
Lower Abdominals: Testing & Grading		213	(1)
Abdominal Muscle Weakness: Leg Lowering		214	(1)
Therapeutic Exercises: Posterior Pelvic Tilt		215	(1)
Therapeutic Exercise: Trunk Rotation		216	(2)
Marked Abdominal Muscle Weakness		218	(1)
Section III Painful Conditions of Low Back		219	(14)
Low Back Enigma		219	(3)
Low Back Pain		222	(3)
Anterior Pelvic Tilt		225	(1)
Back Supports		226	(1)
Hip Extensor Weakness		227	(1)
Posterior Pelvic Tilt		228	(1)
Lateral Pelvic Tilt		229	(2)
Lifting		231	(1)
Treatment for Back Weakness		232	(1)
Section IV Muscles of Respiration		233	(10)
Introduction		233	(1)
Therapeutic Objectives		234	(3)
Primary Muscles of Respiration		237	(1)
Accessory Muscles of Respiration		238	(1)
Respiratory Muscle Chart		239	(2)
Muscles of Respiration		241	(2)
Corrective Exercises		243	(1)
References		244	(1)
6 Upper Extremity and Shoulder Girdle		245	(114)
Introduction		247	(2)
Section I Innervation
Brachial Plexus		249	(1)
Cutaneous Distribution Nerves		250	(1)
Spinal Nerve and Motor Point Chart		251	(2)
Nerves to Muscles: Motor and Sensory and Motor Only and Chart		253	(1)
Scapular Muscle Chart		253	(2)
Chart of Upper Extremity Muscles		255	(2)
Cutaneous Nerves---Upper Limb		257	(1)
Section II Hand, Wrist, Forearm and Elbow
Movements---Thumb and Finger Joints		258	(1)
Movements---Wrist, Radioulnar and Elbow		259	(1)
Chart for Analysis of Muscle Imbalance		260	(8)
Strength Tests
Thumb Muscles		268	(3)
Digiti Minimi		271	(2)
Dorsal and Palmar Interossei		273	(3)
Lumbricales and Interossei		276	(1)
Palmaris Longus and Brevis		277	(1)
Extensor Indicis and Digiti Minimi		278	(1)
Extensor Digitorum		279	(2)
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis and Profundus		281	(2)
Flexor Carpi Radialis and Ulnaris		283	(2)
Extensor Carpi Radialis and Ulnaris		285	(2)
Pronator Teres and Quadratus		287	(2)
Supinator and Biceps		289	(2)
Biceps Brachii and Brachialis		291	(2)
Triceps Brachii and Anconeus		293	(1)
Brachioradialis		294	(1)
Range of Motion Chart		295	(1)
Strength Testing of Thumb and Fingers		295	(1)
Joint Measurement Chart		296	(3)
Section III Shoulder
Joints and Articulations		299	(2)
Charts: Shoulder Girdle Articulations		301	(1)
Combined Shoulder & Scapular Muscles		302	(1)
Movements of Shoulder Girdle & Scapula		303	(2)
Movements of Shoulder Joint		305	(1)
Length of Humeral and Scapular Muscles		306	(1)
Test for Length of Pectoralis Minor		307	(1)
Test for Tightness of Muscles that Depress the Coracoid Process Anteriorly		307	(1)
Tests for Length of Pectoralis Major		308	(1)
Tests for Length of Teres Major, Latissimus Dorsi and Rhomboids		309	(2)
Tests for Length of Shoulder Rotators		311	(1)
Upper Extremity Muscle Chart		312	(1)
Strength Tests---Shoulder
Coracobrachialis		313	(1)
Supraspinatus		314	(3)
Deltoid		317	(2)
Pectoralis Major, Upper and Lower		319	(1)
Pectoralis Minor		320	(1)
Shoulder Lateral Rotators		321	(1)
Shoulder Medial Rotators		322	(1)
Teres Major & Subscapularis		323	(2)
Latissimus Dorsi		325	(6)
Rhomboids, Levator Scapulae and Trapezius		331	(6)
Serratus Anterior		337	(1)
Section IV Painful Conditions of Upper Back
Weakness of Upper Back		338	(1)
Short Rhomboids		338	(1)
Middle & Lower Trapezius Strain		339	(1)
Back Pain from Osteoporosis		340	(1)
Painful Conditions of the Arm Thoracic Outlet Syndrome		341	(6)
Coracoid Pressure Syndrome		343	(1)
Teres Syndrome (Quadrilateral Space Syndrome)		344	(1)
Pain from Shoulder Subluxation		345	(1)
Tight Shoulder External Rotators		345	(1)
Cervical Rib		345	(2)
Section V Case Studies
Case 1 Radial Nerve Lesion		347	(2)
Case 2 Radial, Median, & Ulnar Nerve		349	(1)
Case 3 Probable C5 Lesion		350	(1)
Case 4 Lateral and Medial Cord		351	(3)
Case 5 Partial Brachial Plexus Lesion		354	(1)
Case 6 Stretch Weakness Superimposed on a Peripheral Nerve Injury		355	(1)
Overuse Injuries		356	(1)
Corrective Exercises		357	(1)
References		358	(1)
7 Lower Extremity		359	(108)
Introduction		361	(2)
Section I Innervation
Lumbar Plexus, Sacral Plexus		363	(1)
Spinal Nerve and Muscle Chart		364	(1)
Spinal Nerve and Motor Point Chart		365	(2)
Chart of Lower Extremity Muscles		367	(1)
Nerves to Muscles: Motor & Sensory		368	(1)
Cutaneous Nerves of the Lower Limb		369	(2)
Section II Joint Movements
Movements of Toes, Foot, Ankle and Knee		371	(2)
Movements of Hip Joint		373	(1)
Joint Measurement Chart		374	(1)
Treatment of Muscle Length Problems		375	(1)
Test for Length of Ankle Plantar Flexors		375	(5)
Test for Length of Hip Flexor Muscles		380	(1)
Hip Flexor Stretching		381	(1)
Problems with Hamstring Length Testing		382	(2)
Tests for Length of Hamstring Muscles		384	(2)
Short Hamstrings		386	(1)
Effect of Hip Flexor Shortness		387	(2)
Errors in Testing Hamstring Length		389	(1)
Hamstring Stretching		390	(4)
Ober and Modified Ober Test		394	(3)
Hip Flexor Length Testing		397	(1)
Tensor Fasciae Latae Stretching		398	(1)
Section III Muscle Strength Tests
Chart for Analysis of Muscle Imbalance		399	(10)
Toe Muscles		409	(1)
Tibialis Anterior		410	(1)
Tibialis Posterior		411	(1)
Peroneus Longus and Brevis		412	(3)
Ankle Plantar Flexors		415	(1)
Popliteus		416	(3)
Hamstrings and Gracilis		419	(2)
Quadriceps Femoris		421	(2)
Hip Flexors		423	(1)
Sartorius		424	(1)
Tensor Fasciae Latae		425	(3)
Hip Adductors		428	(1)
Medial Rotators of Hip Joint		429	(2)
Lateral Rotators of Hip Joint		431	(1)
Gluteus Minimus		432	(1)
Gluteus Medius		433	(1)
Gluteus Medius Weakness		434	(1)
Trendelenberg Sign & Hip Abductor Weakness		435	(2)
Gluteus Maximus		437	(1)
Leg Length Measurement		438	(1)
Apparent Leg Length Discrepancy		439	(4)
Section IV Painful Conditions
Foot Problems		443	(3)
Shoes and Shoe Corrections		446	(2)
Knee Problems		448	(1)
Leg Pain		449	(1)
Tight Tensor Fasciae Latae and ITB		450	(1)
Stretched Tensor and ITB		451	(1)
Protruded Intervertebral Disk		452	(2)
Piriformis Muscle and Sciatic Pain		454	(1)
Neuromuscular Problems		454	(1)
Case 1 Peroneal Nerve Injury		455	(2)
Case 2 Lumbosacral Nerves		457	(1)
Case 3 L5 Lesion		458	(1)
Case 4 Guillain-Barre		459	(1)
Case 5 Guillain-Barre		460	(1)
Case 6 Polio		461	(2)
Corrective Exercises		463	(1)
References		464	(3)
Appendix A Spinal Segment Distribution to Nerves and Muscles		467	(13)
Charts		472	(8)
Appendix B Isolated Paralysis of the Serratus Anterior Muscle		480
Glossary		1	(1)
Suggested Readings		1	(1)
Index		1