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E-book: Palestinian-Israeli Contact and Linguistic Practices [Taylor & Francis e-book]

(University of Oxford, UK)
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Offering insight into linguistic practices resulting from different kinds of Palestinian-Israeli contact, this book examines a specific conceptualisation of the link between the political and economic contexts and human practices, or between structure and agency, termed "articulation".

The contexts of the military occupation, a shared consumer market, controlled cheap labour migration, and the provision of social services, supply the setting for power relations between Israelis and Palestinians which give rise to a variety of linguistic practices. Among these practices is the borrowing of Hebrew words and phrases for use in Palestinians’ Arabic speech. Hebrew borrowings can demarcate in-groups, signal aspirations to a modern lifestyle, and give a political edge to humour. Nancy Hawker’s explanation for these practices moves away from the notions of conflict and national identity and gives prominence to Palestinian and Israeli ideologies that inform the conceptual experience of Palestinians.

Addressing an understudied linguistic situation, Palestinian-Israeli Contact and Linguistic Practices brings us documentation and analysis of recent casework, firmly anchored in empirical results from fieldwork in three refugee camps in the Occupied Palestinian Territories. Combining sociolinguistics with politics, economics, sociology and philosophy this book will be of great interest to students and scholars of Middle East Studies, Linguistics and Political Theory.

List of tables
xi
Acknowledgements xiii
Note on dialect and transcription xv
Introduction 1(8)
0.1 The research question and its assumptions
1(2)
0.2 Summary of contents
3(3)
0.3 Methodology and ethical standards for the fieldwork
6(1)
0.4 Researcher's background
7(2)
1 Social context
1.1 Palestinian refugee history
9(2)
1.2 Shuafat refugee camp
11(2)
1.3 Dheisheh refugee camp
13(2)
1.4 Tulkarem refugee camp
15(2)
1.5 Palestinian migrant work in Israel
17(2)
1.6 Experience of Israeli prisons
19(2)
1.7 Large-scale context and small-scale context
21(1)
2 Interpersonal context
22(13)
2.1 The observer's paradox
23(3)
2.1.1 Positivism: the researcher is an objective `fly on the wall'
23(1)
2.1.2 Accommodation theory: the tendency to focus on individual instances
24(1)
2.1.3 Fieldwork in practice: a compromise between participating agent and detached observer
25(1)
2.2 A personal account of patterns of interactions
26(3)
2.2.1 Women of the middle generation (1967 generation)
26(1)
2.2.2 Women of the eldest generation (1948 generation)
26(1)
2.2.3 Women of the Intifada generation
26(1)
2.2.4 Men of the 1967 generation
27(1)
2.2.5 Men of the 1948 generation
27(1)
2.2.6 Men of the Intifada generation
27(2)
2.3 A foreign researcher: a relative advantage
29(1)
2.4 How to enter the camps and meet people: the importance of introductions
30(2)
2.4.1 Shuafat refugee camp
31(1)
2.4.2 Dheisheh refugee camp
31(1)
2.4.3 Tulkarem refugee camp
32(1)
2.5 `Don't mention the war': eliciting Hebrew without speaking Hebrew
32(2)
2.6 Conclusion regarding the effect of this particular interviewer on the study: a minimal picture of Hebrew borrowings
34(1)
3 Patterns of lexical borrowing: by type of contact
35(32)
3.1 Contact between Israelis and Palestinians in the context of the economy and the state
35(1)
3.2 Contact setting: work
36(18)
3.2.1 Tools
43(5)
3.2.2 Unmarked borrowing: menahel (manager)
48(2)
3.2.3 Good relations with Israeli managers
50(4)
3.3 Contact setting: the market for Israeli products and technology
54(2)
3.4 Contact setting: Jerusalem social services
56(2)
3.5 Contact setting: the military occupation
58(6)
3.5.1 Unmarked borrowings: mahsom (checkpoint), maxsir (walkie-talkie)
62(2)
3.6 Hebrew borrowings: evidence of limited types of contact between Palestinians and Israelis
64(3)
4 Patterns of lexical borrowing and codeswitching: by function
67(28)
4.1 Function in sociolinguistics
67(2)
4.2 Convenient communication among in-groups
69(11)
4.2.1 The political prisoners' `in-group'
71(3)
4.2.2 The day-migrant workers' `in-group'
74(6)
4.3 Speech behaviour signalling modern lifestyle
80(7)
4.3.1 `Good boys' don't get the girls: rebelling against social norms
80(1)
4.3.2 Wanting the good life
81(2)
4.3.3 Discourse markers kvar, dafka, bidiyuk
83(3)
4.3.4 Older people can be cool too
86(1)
4.4 The ironic subversion of power
87(8)
4.4.1 `The boss'
90(5)
4.5 Is it justified to classify Hebrew borrowings by function?
95(1)
5 Describing and modelling language change
95(34)
5.1 Key concepts in the analysis of linguistic borrowing
95(13)
5.1.1 Minority, immigrant and subordinate groups and language shift
96(1)
5.1.2 Illegitimacy and stability of the hierarchical situation
97(1)
5.1.3 `Rational choice'
98(1)
5.1.4 National-culturalist and economistic rules for linguistic borrowing questioned
99(4)
5.1.5 `Identity' and `conflict'
103(2)
5.1.6 Articulation between language use and power relations
105(3)
5.2 Articulation of ideologies, the context and linguistic practices
108(12)
5.2.1 Palestinian nationalism, Palestinian pragmatism and attitudes to the borrowing of Hebrew
108(2)
5.2.2 Israeli securitism and the pull to Hebrew borrowings relating to military procedures
110(2)
5.2.3 Palestinian nationalism, the calls for boycott of Israeli goods, and the pull to Hebrew borrowings for Israeli products
112(1)
5.2.4 The political economy of cheap labour and the pull to Hebrew borrowings from the workplace
112(2)
5.2.5 Paradoxes of Palestinian nationalism and the pull to Hebrew use by Palestinian political prisoners
114(2)
5.2.6 Paradoxes of Palestinian nationalism and the pull to Hebrew use for humour
116(1)
5.2.7 Israeli consumerism and the Hebrew slang of Shuafat refugee camp's young people
117(3)
5.3 Predicting language shift
120(2)
5.3.1 Future of contact situation
120(2)
5.3.2 Mea culpa: the researcher's attitudes
122(1)
5.4 Gazing into the crystal ball at the future of Hebrew borrowings
122(2)
Conclusion
124(1)
6.1 Contributions to the field
124(2)
6.2 Limitations of the study
126(1)
6.3 Possible areas of further enquiry
127(2)
Appendices
129(78)
Appendix 1 A.R.
Appendix 2 J.M.
Appendix 3 U.A.
Bibliography 207(10)
Index 217
Nancy Hawker, MA (SOAS), DPhil (Oxon), has been travelling to the Middle East since 1998 and lived there for several years. Besides sociolinguistics, she has studied social and political theory, and Arab and Israeli histories and literatures. She knows Arabic, Czech, English, French and Hebrew.
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9780203488676_pe.html
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