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E-raamat: Solid State Physics

(University of Manchester, UK), (University of Manchester, UK)
  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Sari: Manchester Physics Series
  • Ilmumisaeg: 17-Jul-2013
  • Kirjastus: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781118790885
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  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Sari: Manchester Physics Series
  • Ilmumisaeg: 17-Jul-2013
  • Kirjastus: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781118790885

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A text for a first course in solid state physics for undergraduates. This second edition covers important developments in the field and includes material on semiconductor devices, the quantum Hall effect, quasicrystals, high temperature superconductors, electron techniques in the study of surfaces, and dielectrics and ferroelectrics. Assumes basic knowledge of properties of matter, elementary quantum mechanics, electricity, and magnetism. Appendices derive equations for coupled probability amplitudes, electric and magnetic fields, and energy exchange. Includes problems and answers. Annotation copyright Book News, Inc. Portland, Or.

The Manchester Physics Series General Editors: D. J. Sandiford; F. Mandl; A. C. Phillips Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester Properties of Matter B. H. Flowers and E. Mendoza Optics Second Edition F. G. Smith and J. H. Thomson Statistical Physics Second Edition F. Mandl Electromagnetism Second Edition I. S. Grant and W. R. Phillips Statistics R. J. Barlow Solid State Physics Second Edition J. R. Hook and H. E. Hall Quantum Mechanics F. Mandl Particle Physics Second Edition B. R. Martin and G. Shaw The Physics of Stars A. C. Phillips Solid State Physics, Second Edition is aimed at students taking a first course in this subject, although it will also be of interest to professional physicists and electronic engineers requiring a grasp of the fundamentals of this important area of physics. Basic concepts are introduced in an easily accessible context: for example, wave propagation in crystals is introduced using one-and two-dimensional geometries. Only when these basic ideas are familiar are generalisations to three dimensions and the elegant framework of the reciprocal lattice made. Extensively rewritten, the Second Edition now includes new and expanded coverage of semiconductor devices, the quantum Hall effect, quasicrystals, high temperature superconductors and techniques for the study of the surfaces of solids. A chapter on dielectrics and ferroelectrics has also been added. Solid State Physics, Second Edition features:
  • A carefully written and structured text to help students fully understand this exciting subject.
  • A flow diagram allowing topics to be studied in different orders or omitted altogether.
  • Optional "starred" and highlighted sections containing more advanced and specialised material for the more ambitious reader.
  • Carefully selected problems at the end of each chapter designed to assist learning. Solutions are provided at the end of the book.
Flow diagram
Editor's preface to the Manchester Physics Series xv
Foreword xvii
Author's preface to second edition xix
Crystal Structure
1(32)
Introduction
1(1)
Elementary Crystallography
2(8)
The crystal lattice
2(5)
The basis
7(1)
Crystal planes and directions
8(2)
Typical Crystal Structures
10(9)
Cubic and hexagonal close-packed structures
10(5)
The body-centred cubic structure
15(2)
Structures of ionic solids
17(1)
The diamond and zincblende structures
18(1)
X-ray Crystallography
19(6)
The Bragg law
19(3)
Experimental arrangements for x-ray diffraction
22(3)
Quasi-crystals
25(3)
Interatomic Forces
28(5)
Van der Waals bonding
28(1)
Ionic bonding
29(1)
Covalent bonding
30(1)
Metallic bonding
31(1)
Hydrogen bonding
31(1)
Mixed bonding
31(1)
Problems 1
32(1)
Crystal Dynamics
33(43)
Introduction
33(1)
Sound Waves
34(2)
Lattice Vibrations of One-dimensional Crystals
36(11)
Chain of identical atoms
36(5)
Chain of two types of atom
41(6)
Lattice Vibrations of Three-dimensional Crystals
47(1)
Phonons
48(1)
Heat Capacity from Lattice Vibrations
49(14)
Energy and heat capacity of a harmonic oscillator
49(3)
The density of states
52(6)
The high- and low-temperature limits
58(1)
The Debye interpolation scheme
59(4)
Anharmonic Effects
63(6)
Thermal expansion
63(4)
Phonon-phonon collisions
67(2)
Thermal Conduction by Phonons
69(7)
Kinetic theory
70(2)
Conduction at high temperatures
72(1)
Conduction at intermediate temperatures
72(1)
Conduction at low temperatures
73(1)
Problems 2
74(2)
Free Electrons in Metals
76(24)
Introduction
76(1)
The Free Electron Model
76(10)
Ground state of the free electron gas
78(2)
The free electron gas at finite temperature
80(1)
Heat capacity of the free electron gas
81(3)
Soft x-ray emission spectrum
84(1)
Metallic binding
85(1)
Transport Properties of the Conduction Electrons
86(14)
The equation of motion of the electrons
86(1)
The electrical conductivity
87(2)
The thermal conductivity
89(2)
The Wiedemann-Franz law and the temperature dependence of the electrical and thermal conductivities
91(6)
The Hall effect
97(2)
Problems 3
99(1)
The Effect of the Periodic Lattice Potential---Energy Bands
100(31)
Nearly Free Electron Theory
100(4)
Classification of Crystalline Solids into Metals, Insulators and Semiconductors
104(5)
The Tight Binding Approach
109(15)
Coupled probability amplitudes
109(2)
The H+2 ion---covalent bonding
111(5)
Electron states one one-dimensional chain
116(5)
Electron states in diamond, silicon and germanium
121(3)
Band Structure Effective Masses
124(7)
Problems 4
129(2)
Semiconductors
131(38)
Introduction
131(2)
Holes
133(3)
Methods of Providing Electrons and Holes
136(11)
Donor and acceptor impurities
136(3)
Thermal excitation of carriers
139(3)
Intrinsic behaviour
142(1)
Extrinsic behaviour
143(4)
Absorption of Electromagnetic Radiation
147(2)
Transport Properties
149(10)
Electrical conductivity
149(3)
Hall effect
152(3)
Cyclotron resonance
155(4)
Non-equilibrium Carrier Densities
159(10)
The continuity equations
160(1)
Electrical neutrality
161(2)
Generation and recombination
163(2)
Injection of minority carriers at a steady rate
165(1)
Injection of a pulse of minority carriers
166(2)
Problems 5
168(1)
Semiconductor Devices
169(29)
Introduction
169(1)
The p-n Junction with Zero Applied Bias
169(6)
The p-n Junction with an Applied Bias
175(6)
Other Devices Based on the p-n Junction
181(7)
Light emitting diodes and lasers
181(1)
Solar cells
182(2)
The junction transistor
184(3)
The junction-gate field-effect transistor
187(1)
Metal-oxide-semiconductor technology and the MOSFET
188(4)
Molecular Beam Epitaxy and Semiconductor Heterojunctions
192(6)
Problems 6
196(2)
Diamagnetism and Paramagnetism
198(21)
Introduction
198(2)
Paramagnetism
200(11)
The origin of permanent dipole moments
200(2)
The interaction of a permanent dipole moment with an applied magnetic field
202(1)
Calculation of the magnetization of paramagnetic ions
203(5)
Conduction electron paramagnetism
208(3)
Diamagnetism
211(8)
Momentum in a magnetic field
211(2)
Screening by induced currents
213(2)
Calculation of the diamagnetic susceptibility
215(2)
Problems 7
217(2)
Magnetic Order
219(34)
Introduction
219(1)
The Exchange Interaction
220(1)
Ferromagnetism
221(8)
The Weiss molecular field
221(2)
Calculation of ferromagnetic properties using the mean field theory
223(6)
The Neel Model of Antiferromagnetism
229(3)
Spin Waves
232(9)
Ferromagnets at low temperatures
232(1)
Spin waves in a one-dimensional crystal
233(3)
Magnetization and heat capacity at low temperatures
236(3)
Ferromagnetic resonance and the experimental observation of spin waves
239(2)
Other Types of Magnetic Order
241(5)
Ferrimagnetism
241(1)
Spin density wave antiferromagnetism in chromium
242(3)
Magnetic ordering in rare-earth metals
245(1)
Ferromagnetic Domains
246(7)
The energy and thickness of a Bloch wall
246(3)
Why do domains occur?
249(1)
Magnetization curves of ferromagnets
250(1)
Problems 8
251(2)
Electric Properties of Insulators
253(25)
Dielectrics
253(18)
Dielectric constant and susceptibility
253(3)
Polarization due to relative motion of electrons and nuclei
256(4)
Orientation of permanent dipole moments
260(5)
Dielectric constant and lattice vibrations of ionic crystals
265(6)
Pyroelectric Materials
271(4)
The Landau model
273(2)
Piezoelectricity
275(3)
Problems 9
277(1)
Superconductivity
278(38)
Introduction
278(1)
Magnetic Properties of Superconductors
279(7)
Type I superconductors
279(4)
Thermodynamics of the superconducting transition
283(2)
Type II superconductors
285(1)
The London Equation
286(4)
The Theory of Superconductivity
290(7)
The energy gap and electron pairing
290(2)
The Cooper problem
292(1)
Origin of the attractive interaction
293(1)
Nature of the superconducting ground state
294(2)
Explanation of infinite conductivity
296(1)
Macroscopic Quantum Phenomena
297(13)
The superconducting order parameter
297(1)
Flux quantization
298(2)
Quantized flux lines and type II superconductivity
300(4)
Josephson effects
304(4)
Quantum interference
308(2)
High-temperature Superconductors
310(6)
Problems 10
314(2)
Waves in Crystals
316(23)
Introduction
316(1)
Elastic Scattering of Waves by a Crystal
316(12)
Amplitude of the scattered wave
316(3)
Laue conditions for diffraction and the reciprocal lattice
319(3)
Examples of reciprocal lattices
322(3)
The structure factor
325(3)
Wavelike Normal Modes---Bloch's Theorem
328(2)
Normal Modes and the Reciprocal Lattice
330(9)
Periodicity of the dispersion relation
330(3)
Brillouin zones and the plotting of dispersion relations
333(5)
Problems 11
338(1)
Scattering of Neutrons and Electrons from Solids
339(23)
Introduction
339(1)
Comparison of X-rays, Neutrons and Electrons
339(3)
Interaction of x-rays, neutrons and electrons with atoms
339(2)
Inelastic scattering
341(1)
Neutron Scattering Techniques
342(6)
Neutron sources
342(1)
Neutron detectors
343(1)
Time-of-flight methods
343(3)
Crystal monochromators
346(2)
Determination of Phonon Spectra
348(2)
Magnetic Scattering
350(5)
Determination of magnetic structure
350(4)
Determination of magnon spectra
354(1)
Electron Scattering
355(7)
Problems 12
361(1)
Real Metals
362(37)
Introduction
362(1)
Fermi Surfaces
362(7)
Fermi surface of a nearly free electron two-dimensional metal
362(3)
Fermi surface of three-dimensional metals
365(1)
Density of states at the Fermi surface
366(3)
Electron Dynamics in a Three-dimensional Metal
369(4)
Equation of motion and effective mass
369(3)
Relation of the electrical conductivity to the Fermi surface
372(1)
Experimental Determination of the Fermi Surface
373(14)
Cyclotron orbits
374(2)
Cyclotron resonance in metals
376(2)
Quantization of cyclotron orbits
378(4)
The de Haas-van Alphen effect
382(5)
Why do Electrons Behave Independently?
387(8)
Electrical neutrality in metals
388(1)
Plasma oscillations
389(1)
Screening
390(2)
The exclusion principle and scattering
392(1)
Fermi liquid effects
393(1)
The Mott transition
394(1)
Electromagnetic Waves in Metals
395(4)
Problems 13
397(2)
Low-Dimensional Systems
399(18)
Introduction
399(1)
The Two-dimensional Electron Gas
400(5)
The electron states
400(2)
Density of states of the two-dimensional electron gas
402(3)
The Quantum Hall Effect
405(7)
Resonant Tunnelling Devices
412(5)
Problems 14
415(2)
Appendix A Coupled probability amplitudes 417(5)
Appendix B Electric and magnetic fields inside materials 422(8)
Appendix C Quantum mechanics of an electron in a magnetic field 430(2)
Appendix D The exchange energy 432(3)
Bibliography 435(4)
Solutions to problems 439(25)
Index 464


J. R. Hook and H. E. Hall are the authors of Solid State Physics, 2nd Edition, published by Wiley.