List of Figures |
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ix | |
Acknowledgments |
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xv | |
Chapter 1 Introduction: Language and the People Who Use It |
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2 | |
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4 | |
PART I THE LINGUISTIC STRUCTURE OF ISRAELI SIGN LANGUAGE |
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11 | |
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Chapter 2. The Basic Components of the Word in Sign Language |
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19 | |
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The Meaningless Building Blocks of Words |
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19 | |
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The Meaningless Building Blocks of Signs |
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22 | |
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Additional Formational Characteristics of Signs |
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26 | |
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30 | |
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The Phonology of Sign Language as a System |
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32 | |
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Sequentiality and Simultaneity in Phonology of Signed and Spoken Languages |
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35 | |
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36 | |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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36 | |
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Chapter 3. Vocabulary: Simple and Complex Words |
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37 | |
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Difficulties in Finding and Recording the Words: The Lexicographer's Lament |
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39 | |
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The Expressiveness of the ISL Lexicon: Words of Communication |
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43 | |
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Adding New Words and Building Complex Words |
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46 | |
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Novel Word Formation in Poetry |
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55 | |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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58 | |
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Chapter 4. Grammar in Space: The Pronominal System |
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59 | |
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Points of Reference: The Basis of the Pronoun System in Sign Language |
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60 | |
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The Pronominal System in Sign Languages |
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61 | |
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Reference Points as a Means of Avoiding Ambiguity |
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63 | |
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66 | |
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Marking Number in the Pronominal System |
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68 | |
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Indicating Reference with the Body: Role Shift |
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69 | |
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Pronouns in Other Sign Languages |
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71 | |
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72 | |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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73 | |
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Chapter 5. Grammar in Space: Verb Agreement |
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75 | |
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76 | |
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Verb Agreement in Sign Languages |
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78 | |
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The Form and Meaning of Sign Language Verb Agreement |
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81 | |
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Verb Agreement: Signed versus Spoken Languages |
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85 | |
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Marking Number with Agreement Morphemes |
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86 | |
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87 | |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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88 | |
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Chapter 6. Tenses and Aspects |
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89 | |
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90 | |
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The Aspectual System of ISL |
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91 | |
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100 | |
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106 | |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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106 | |
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Chapter 7. Shapes, Locations, and Motion in Space: Classifier Constructions |
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107 | |
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108 | |
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When Do You Use Classifiers? |
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112 | |
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Classifiers in Different Sign Languages |
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117 | |
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Classifiers in Spoken Languages |
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118 | |
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119 | |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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120 | |
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121 | |
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Topics First, and Then Comment |
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123 | |
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How Is the Topic Determined? |
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126 | |
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Word Order in Possessive Constructions |
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127 | |
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Topic-Comment in Other Languages |
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129 | |
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131 | |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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132 | |
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Chapter 9. Negative and Interrogative Sentences |
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133 | |
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134 | |
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147 | |
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156 | |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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156 | |
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Chapter 10. Beyond the Hands: Facial Expression in ISL |
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159 | |
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How We Say What We Say: The Prosodic Structure of Language |
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160 | |
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Prosodic Structure in ISL and Intonation on the Face |
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163 | |
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Facial Expression as Part of a Word |
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171 | |
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Facial Expression as a Modifying Morpheme |
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173 | |
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176 | |
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Nonlinguistic Facial Expression: The Intonation of Emotions |
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179 | |
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179 | |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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180 | |
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Part I Summary and Conclusion |
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181 | |
PART II THE LANGUAGE AND ITS COMMUNITY |
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183 | |
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Chapter 11. The History of the Deaf Community in Israel |
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185 | |
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The Origins of the Community: A Few Friends and a School |
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185 | |
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The Educational System and its Changing Attitudes toward Sign Language |
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197 | |
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Deaf Society and Culture Today |
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210 | |
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Snapshot of the Community |
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213 | |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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216 | |
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Chapter 12. The Emergence and Development of ISL |
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217 | |
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The Impact of Other Sign Languages on Israeli Sign Language |
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218 | |
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Stages in Vocabulary Development |
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224 | |
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235 | |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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236 | |
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Chapter 13. Voices from the Community |
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239 | |
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Story 1: A Student's Journal |
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240 | |
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Story 2: From Bad Girl in Class to Honored Teacher |
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244 | |
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248 | |
PART III THE BIG PICTURE: ISL AND LINGUISTIC THEORY |
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253 | |
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Chapter 14. Similarities and Differences Across Sign Languages |
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255 | |
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The View that Sign Language is Universal |
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256 | |
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Comparative Studies of Sign Languages |
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259 | |
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Differences Across Sign Languages |
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270 | |
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Communication among Deaf Signers of Different Languages |
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271 | |
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274 | |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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274 | |
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Chapter 15. The Contribution of Sign Languages to Linguistic Research |
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277 | |
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The Goal of Modern Linguistics: Characterizing Human Linguistic Ability |
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278 | |
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How Sign Languages Help to Identify Universal Characteristics of Language |
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284 | |
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Language out of Nothing: Communication Systems that have Developed Without a Language Model |
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292 | |
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The Contribution of Research on Israeli Sign Language |
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298 | |
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304 | |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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304 | |
Appendix A List of Handshapes of Israeli Sign Language |
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307 | |
Appendix B Main Places of Articulation of Israeli Sign Language |
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309 | |
Appendix C Notational Conventions |
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311 | |
References |
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313 | |
Author Index |
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323 | |
Subject Index |
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327 | |