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E-raamat: Advances in Passive Microwave Remote Sensing of Oceans

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  • Formaat: 292 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 27-Mar-2017
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781351649988
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Advances in Passive Microwave Remote Sensing of OceansSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 292 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 27-Mar-2017
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781351649988
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This book demonstrates the capabilities of passive microwave technique for enhanced observations of ocean features, including the detection of (sub)surface events and/or disturbances while laying out the benefits and boundaries of these methods. It represents not only an introduction and complete description of the main principles of ocean microwave radiometry and imagery, but also provides guidance for further experimental studies. Furthermore, it expands the analysis of remote sensing methods, models, and techniques and focuses on a high-resolution multiband imaging observation concept. Such an advanced approach provides readers with a new level of geophysical information and data acquisition granting the opportunity to improve their expertise on advanced microwave technology, now an indispensable tool for diagnostics of ocean phenomena and disturbances.
List of Figures
ix
List of Tables
xxi
Preface xxiii
Acknowledgments xxvii
Author xxix
1 Introduction
1(8)
1.1 Basic Definition
1(1)
1.2 Instrument Performance
2(1)
1.3 Data Processing, Analysis, and Interpretation
3(1)
1.4 Theoretical Aspect
4(1)
1.5 Historical Chronology
5(1)
1.6 Objectives of This Book
6(3)
References
7(1)
Bibliography
7(2)
2 Ocean Phenomena
9(68)
2.1 Introduction
9(1)
2.2 Structure of the Ocean-Atmosphere Interface
9(2)
2.3 Classification of Surface Waves
11(1)
2.4 Generation and Statistics of Wind Waves
12(20)
2.4.1 Generation Mechanisms
13(1)
2.4.2 Statistical Description and Wave Number Spectrum
14(3)
2.4.3 Surface Dynamics: Elements of Theory
17(2)
2.4.4 Surface Wave--Wave Interactions and Manifestations
19(3)
2.4.5 Weak Turbulence Theory
22(2)
2.4.6 Hydrodynamic Instabilities in the Ocean
24(3)
2.4.7 Interaction between Surface and Internal Waves and Manifestations
27(3)
2.4.8 The Model of an Arbitrarily Stratified Ocean
30(1)
2.4.9 Model of Two-Layer Stratification and Interactions
30(2)
2.5 Wave Breaking and Disperse Media
32(18)
2.5.1 Wave Breaking Mechanisms
32(4)
2.5.2 Foam and Whitecap
36(1)
2.5.3 Wave Breaking and Foam/Whitecap Statistics
37(6)
2.5.4 Surface Bubble Populations
43(1)
2.5.5 Spray and Aerosol
44(1)
2.5.6 Subsurface (Underwater) Bubbles
45(3)
2.5.7 Surface Films, Oil Slicks, and Emulsions
48(2)
2.6 Thermohaline Finestructure
50(3)
2.7 Double-Diffusive Convection and Instabilities
53(3)
2.8 Self-Similarity and Turbulent Intrusions
56(4)
2.9 Summary
60(17)
References
61(16)
3 Microwave Emission of the Ocean
77(84)
3.1 Main Factors and Mechanisms
77(9)
3.1.1 Introduction
77(2)
3.1.2 Microwave Characterization
79(2)
3.1.3 Basic Relationships
81(3)
3.1.4 Stokes Parameters and Elements of Polarimetry
84(1)
3.1.5 Antenna and Radiometer Parameters
85(1)
3.2 Dielectric Properties of Seawater
86(4)
3.2.1 Introduction
86(1)
3.2.2 Relaxation Models
87(1)
3.2.3 Effects of Temperature and Salinity
88(2)
3.3 Influence of Surface Waves and Wind
90(20)
3.3.1 Introduction
90(1)
3.3.2 Resonance Theory of Microwave Emission of a Rough Water Surface
91(7)
3.3.3 Two-Scale and Three-Scale Modified Models
98(1)
3.3.4 Contribution of Short Gravity Waves
99(3)
3.3.5 Quasi-Static and Impedance Models
102(2)
3.3.5.1 A Single Dielectric Slab
104(2)
3.3.5.2 Matching Transition Layer
106(1)
3.3.5.3 Stochastic Multilayer Structural Model
106(1)
3.3.6 Influence of Wind
107(3)
3.4 Impact of Breaking Waves
110(2)
3.5 Contributions from Foam, Whitecap, Bubbles, and Spray
112(21)
3.5.1 Microwave Properties of Foam and Whitecap
112(1)
3.5.1.1 Earlier Experimental Data
113(1)
3.5.1.2 Model Data
114(4)
3.5.1.3 Recent Studies
118(2)
3.5.2 Emissivity of Spray
120(5)
3.5.3 Contribution from Bubbles
125(3)
3.5.4 Combined Foam--Spray--Bubbles Models
128(3)
3.5.4.1 Spray over the Smooth Water Surface (Spray + Water)
131(1)
3.5.4.2 Spray over the Foam Coverage (Spray + Foam + Water)
131(1)
3.5.4.3 Influence of Bubbles Populations (Spray + Foam + Subsurface Bubbles + Water)
131(2)
3.6 Measuring the (Sub)Surface Turbulence
133(6)
3.6.1 Surface Turbulence
133(1)
3.6.2 Subsurface Turbulence
134(5)
3.7 Emissivity of Oil Spills and Pollutions
139(5)
3.7.1 Dielectric Properties of Oil and Derivatives
140(1)
3.7.2 Microwave Model and Effects
140(4)
3.8 Influence of Atmosphere
144(1)
3.9 Summary
145(16)
References
146(15)
4 Simulation and Prediction of Ocean Data
161(20)
4.1 Basic Description
161(1)
4.2 Multifactor Microwave Model
162(1)
4.3 Mathematical Formulation
163(2)
4.4 Examples of Data Simulations
165(5)
4.4.1 Environmental Signatures
165(3)
4.4.2 Roughness--Salinity--Temperature Anomalies
168(2)
4.5 Composition Multiband Imagery
170(3)
4.6 Data Fusion
173(3)
4.7 Summary
176(5)
References
178(3)
5 High-Resolution Multiband Techniques and Observations
181(56)
5.1 Introduction
181(1)
5.2 Historical Background
182(2)
5.3 Basic Concept
184(6)
5.3.1 Elements of Microwave Imagery
185(3)
5.3.2 Elements of Digital Processing
188(1)
5.3.3 Elements of Interpretation
189(1)
5.4 Analysis of Microwave Data
190(20)
5.4.1 Imaging Data Collection
191(1)
5.4.2 Signature Specification
191(4)
5.4.3 Texture Characterization
195(5)
5.4.4 Multiband Correlations
200(3)
5.4.5 Fractal-Based Description
203(7)
5.5 Observations
210(17)
5.5.1 Wind-Driven Sea Surface
210(1)
5.5.2 Internal Wave Manifestations
211(1)
5.5.2.1 Joint U.S./Russia Internal Wave Remote Sensing Experiment (JUSREX'92)
212(7)
5.5.2.2 PSR Observations, 2001
219(6)
5.5.3 Ship Wake Patterns
225(2)
5.6 Summary
227(10)
References
228(9)
6 Applications for Advanced Studies
237(8)
6.1 Surface Disturbances and Instabilities
237(2)
6.2 (Sub)Surface Wakes
239(1)
6.3 Wave--Wave Interactions
240(1)
6.4 Thermohaline Anomaly
240(1)
6.5 Internal Waves
241(1)
6.6 Wave Breaking Patterns
241(4)
7 Summary
245(6)
Index 251
Dr. Victor Raizer, physicist and researcher, has more than 30 years of experience in remote sensing and its applications. Over the years he was involved in various airspace programs, field experiments, laboratory, and theoretical investigations. His scientific work focused on optical and microwave observations, modeling, analysis and interpretation of complex data.His expertise includes the development and application of advanced remote sensing technologies for ocean studies and detection purposes.
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