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E-raamat: Applicative Arguments: A Syntactic and Semantic Investigation of German and English

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Applicative Arguments: A Syntactic and Semantic Investigation of German and EnglishSuurem pilt
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Applicative Arguments: A Syntactic and Semantic Investigation of German and English presents formal semantic and syntactic analyses of German and English applicative arguments. These arguments are nominal elements that are not obligatory parts of a sentence. Both German and English have several types of applicative arguments, including so-called benefactive and malefactive constructions. More specifically, the research relies on tests to differentiate the different types of applicative arguments based on this contribution to meaning: Some applicatives contribute only not-at-issue meaning, whereas others contribute only at-issue meaning, and still others contribute both types of meaning. These tests are applied to both German and English to uniquely identify the applicative arguments in each language. Formal analyses of the identified type of applicative arguments are presented that provide an account for each type of applicative identified for each language, explaining the applicatives differences and similarities.
1 Introduction
11(8)
1.1 Defining Applicative Arguments
13(4)
1.2 Goals and Structure of this Book
17(2)
2 Preliminaries
19(10)
2.1 Introduction
19(1)
2.2 Not-At-Issue Meaning
19(4)
2.3 Event Semantics
23(3)
2.4 Pylkkanen (2002, 2008)
26(3)
3 Affected Experiencers
29(60)
3.1 Introduction
29(1)
3.2 Distinguishing Affected Experiencers
30(6)
3.2.1 Benefactives (Chapter 5)
31(1)
3.2.2 Part-Whole Applicative Arguments (Chapter 6) & Pertinence Datives
32(3)
3.2.3 Other German Applicatives
35(1)
3.3 At-Issue and Not-At-Issue Meaning
36(4)
3.3.1 Affected Experiencers
36(2)
3.3.2 Pertinence Dative
38(2)
3.4 Analysis
40(4)
3.5 Consequences
44(5)
3.5.1 Bi-Eventivity
44(2)
3.5.2 Again-Modification
46(2)
3.5.3 Negation
48(1)
3.6 Pertinence Dative
49(16)
3.6.1 Analysis
50(6)
3.6.2 Previous Analyses
56(9)
3.6.3 Conclusion
65(1)
3.7 Verbal Restrictions
65(7)
3.7.1 Valency
65(2)
3.7.2 Semantic Licensing
67(5)
3.8 Affected Experiencers following Potts (2005)
72(1)
3.9 Digression: Parametric Variation of Aff
73(14)
3.9.1 Japanese: Attachment Height Variation
73(5)
3.9.2 Not-At-Issue Affected Experiencers
78(8)
3.9.3 Parametric Variation
86(1)
3.10 Conclusion
87(2)
4 Not-At-Issue Applicative Arguments
89(30)
4.1 Introduction
89(1)
4.2 Ethical Dative
89(12)
4.2.1 Description
90(6)
4.2.2 Analysis
96(4)
4.2.3 Summary
100(1)
4.3 Subject Co-Referential Applicative Arguments
101(14)
4.3.1 Description
101(1)
4.3.2 Features
102(2)
4.3.3 Form
104(2)
4.3.4 Role of the Direct Object
106(1)
4.3.5 Not-At-Issue Meaning
106(2)
4.3.6 Analysis
108(1)
4.3.7 Consequences
109(2)
4.3.8 Previous Analyses
111(4)
4.3.9 Summary
115(1)
4.4 Not-At-Issue Applicatives
115(2)
4.5 Conclusion
117(2)
5 Benefactives
119(29)
5.1 Introduction
119(1)
5.2 Description
119(5)
5.2.1 English
121(1)
5.2.2 German
122(2)
5.3 At-Issue Content
124(1)
5.4 True Applicative Benefactives
125(10)
5.4.1 Analysis
125(1)
5.4.2 Consequences
126(3)
5.4.3 Verbal Restrictions
129(2)
5.4.4 Hole (2005; 201X)
131(4)
5.4.5 Summary
135(1)
5.5 Recipient Benefactives
135(5)
5.5.1 Meaning
135(1)
5.5.2 Ditransitives and Benefactives
136(1)
5.5.3 Analysis
137(1)
5.5.4 Consequences
138(2)
5.5.5 Summary
140(1)
5.6 Prepositional Alternation
140(7)
5.6.1 Analysis
140(3)
5.6.2 Consequences
143(1)
5.6.3 PP-shells
144(3)
5.7 Conclusion
147(1)
6 Part-Whole Applicatives
148(30)
6.1 Introduction
148(2)
6.2 Description
150(8)
6.2.1 Differentiating Part-Whole Applicative Arguments
150(2)
6.2.2 Characteristics
152(2)
6.2.3 Restrictions on Part-Whole Applicative Arguments
154(4)
6.3 At-Issue Meaning
158(3)
6.4 Analysis
161(14)
6.4.1 Possessor Raising
161(1)
6.4.2 Pylkkanen (2002)
161(2)
6.4.3 Hole (2008)
163(4)
6.4.4 Tomioka and Sim (2007)
167(3)
6.4.5 Analysis
170(5)
6.5 Consequences
175(1)
6.6 Conclusion
176(2)
7 Dative of Inaction
178(10)
7.1 Introduction
178(1)
7.2 Description
179(3)
7.3 At-Issue Meaning
182(1)
7.4 Analysis
183(2)
7.5 Consequences
185(1)
7.6 Conclusion
186(2)
8 Co-Occurrence of Applicatives
188(15)
8.1 Introduction
188(1)
8.2 German
188(12)
8.2.1 Ethical Dative
190(2)
8.2.2 Dative of Inaction
192(1)
8.2.3 Subject Co-referential Applicative
193(1)
8.2.4 Affected Experiencer
194(1)
8.2.5 True Benefactive
195(3)
8.2.6 Part-Whole Applicative
198(1)
8.2.7 Summary
199(1)
8.3 English
200(2)
8.4 Conclusion
202(1)
9 Conclusion
203(4)
Appendix 1 Affected Experiencers 207(6)
Appendix 2 Not-At-Issue Applicatives 213(2)
Appendix 3 Benefactives 215(6)
Appendix 4 Part-Whole Applicative 221(4)
Appendix 5 Dative of Inaction 225(2)
Glossary 227(4)
Bibliography 231(8)
Index 239
Solveig Bosse received her PhD in linguistics from the University of Delaware. She is currently Assistant Professor of Theoretical Linguistics in the Department of English at East Carolina University. Her research focuses on syntactic and formal semantic analyses of German and English with occasional other cross-linguistic comparisons.
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