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1 Introduction: Work Around Moore's Law |
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1 | (16) |
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1.1 Scaling Limitations of Conventional Integration Technology: Work Around Moore's Law |
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1 | (13) |
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1.1.1 More Moore: New Architectures |
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4 | (2) |
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1.1.2 More Moore: New Materials |
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6 | (1) |
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1.1.3 More than Moore (MTM): New Interconnects Schemes |
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7 | (3) |
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1.1.4 Beyond CMOS: New Devices |
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10 | (4) |
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14 | (3) |
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14 | (3) |
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2 3D/TSV-Enabling Technologies |
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17 | (32) |
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17 | (6) |
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23 | (4) |
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2.3 Modeling and Design Challenges for 3D-ICs |
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27 | (17) |
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2.3.1 Electrical Modeling Challenges |
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28 | (1) |
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2.3.2 Thermal Management Challenges |
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29 | (1) |
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2.3.3 CAD Tools Challenges |
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29 | (8) |
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2.3.4 Technological, Yield, and Test Challenges |
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37 | (2) |
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2.3.5 Design Methodology Challenges |
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39 | (2) |
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2.3.6 Circuit Architecture Challenges |
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41 | (2) |
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2.3.7 Power Delivery and Clock Distribution Challenges |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (5) |
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45 | (4) |
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3 TSV Modeling and Analysis |
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49 | (36) |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (27) |
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3.2.1 EM Modeling Methods |
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53 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Physics-Based Lumped Element Model for TSVs |
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53 | (1) |
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3.2.3 Nonlinearities (MOS Effect) of a TSV |
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54 | (4) |
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3.2.4 Comparison Between Quasi-Static and Full-Wave EM Simulations |
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58 | (1) |
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3.2.5 Dimensional Analysis Theory |
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59 | (1) |
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3.2.6 Closed-Form Expressions for TSV Model Elements Using Dimensional Analysis |
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60 | (17) |
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3.3 TSV Model Linearization |
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77 | (3) |
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80 | (5) |
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82 | (3) |
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85 | (10) |
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4.1 Validation Against Electromagnetic Simulation: Frequency Domain and Time Domain |
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86 | (1) |
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4.2 Studying the TSV Impact on Circuit Performance |
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87 | (4) |
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4.3 Validation Against Device Simulation |
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91 | (2) |
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93 | (2) |
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94 | (1) |
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5 TSV Macro-Modeling Framework |
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95 | (8) |
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5.1 TSV Macro-Modeling Framework: Analysis and Verification |
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95 | (2) |
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97 | (2) |
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99 | (4) |
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101 | (2) |
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6 TSV Design Applications: TSV-Based On-Chip Spiral Inductor, TSV-Based On-Chip Wireless Communications, and TSV-Based Bandpass Filter |
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103 | (30) |
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6.1 Introduction: TSV-Based On-Chip Spiral Inductor |
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104 | (4) |
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6.2 TSV-Based Spiral Architecture and Analysis |
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108 | (8) |
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6.2.1 The TSV-Based Spiral Inductor: Analysis and Characterization |
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109 | (1) |
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6.2.2 Lumped Element Model for the TSV-Based Spiral Inductor and Derivation of Qmax |
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109 | (5) |
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6.2.3 Closed-Form Expressions for the Inductance |
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114 | (2) |
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6.3 TSV-Based Spiral Verification |
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116 | (2) |
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6.3.1 Validation Against EM Simulation |
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116 | (1) |
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6.3.2 Comparison with Related Work |
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116 | (2) |
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6.4 Introduction: TSV-Based On-Chip Wireless Communications |
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118 | (2) |
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6.5 The Wireless TSV Architecture |
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120 | (3) |
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6.5.1 The Wireless TSV: Architecture and Analysis |
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120 | (1) |
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6.5.2 EM Simulation Results and Discussions |
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121 | (1) |
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6.5.3 Closed-Form Expressions |
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122 | (1) |
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6.6 Wireless TSV Verification |
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123 | (2) |
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6.7 Resonance Wireless Communication |
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125 | (1) |
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6.8 Introduction: TSV-Based Bandpass Filter |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (7) |
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129 | (4) |
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7 Imperfection in TSV Modeling |
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133 | (16) |
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7.1 Analysis of Coupling Capacitance Between TSVs and Metal Interconnects in 3D-ICs |
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133 | (3) |
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7.2 Analysis of Coupling Capacitance Between TSVs and Active Devices in 3D-ICs |
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136 | (5) |
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7.3 Effect of Nonuniform Substrate-Doping Profile on the Electrical Performance of a TSV |
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141 | (3) |
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144 | (5) |
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146 | (3) |
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149 | (14) |
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8.1 Performance Comparison Between Air-Gap-Based Coaxial TSV and Conventional Circular TSV |
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149 | (1) |
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8.2 Characterization of SW-CNT-Based TSV |
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150 | (5) |
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155 | (6) |
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155 | (2) |
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8.3.2 Adiabatic Architecture for 3D Integration |
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157 | (4) |
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8.4 Simulations and Comparison with CMOS |
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161 | (1) |
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161 | (2) |
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161 | (2) |
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163 | (10) |
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9.1 TSV Fabrication Process Overview |
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163 | (5) |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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165 | (2) |
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167 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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9.2 The Fabrication Process Flow |
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168 | (3) |
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168 | (1) |
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168 | (1) |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (2) |
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171 | (2) |
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171 | (2) |
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173 | (4) |
Index |
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177 | |