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xix | |
Foreword |
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xxiii | |
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Chapter 1 Nanobiosensors for Biomedical Application: Present and Future Prospects |
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1 | (24) |
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1 | (1) |
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2 Application of Nanotechnology in Biosensors |
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2 | (3) |
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3 Nanobiosensors in Biomedical Applications |
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5 | (9) |
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3.1 Nanobiosensor for Detection of Glucose |
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5 | (1) |
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3.2 Nanobiosensor for Detection of Cholesterol |
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6 | (1) |
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3.3 Nanobiosensor for Detection of Cancer/Tumor Biomarkers |
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7 | (1) |
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3.4 Nanobiosensor for Detection of Allergic Responses |
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8 | (2) |
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3.5 Nanobiosensor for Detection of Pathogenic Viruses (HIV Virus and Dengue Virus) |
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10 | (1) |
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3.6 Nanobiosensor for Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (2) |
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4 Conclusions and Future Prospects |
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14 | (11) |
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14 | (11) |
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Chapter 2 Peptide-Based Drug Delivery Systems |
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25 | (22) |
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1 Peptides in Targeted Drug Delivery |
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27 | (1) |
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2 Strategies for Peptide-Based Drag Design |
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28 | (3) |
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2.1 Torsion Angle and Peptide Backbone Alterations |
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29 | (1) |
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2.2 Peptidomimetics With Unnatural Amino Acids |
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30 | (1) |
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2.3 Macrocyclization of Peptides |
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30 | (1) |
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3 Peptides as Carriers for Drug Delivery |
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31 | (9) |
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31 | (7) |
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3.2 Cell-Penetrating Peptides |
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38 | (2) |
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4 Future of Peptide-Based Drug Delivery Systems |
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40 | (7) |
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40 | (7) |
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Chapter 3 Lipid-Based Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery Systems |
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47 | (30) |
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47 | (1) |
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2 Solid Lipid Nanoparticles |
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47 | (1) |
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3 Nanostructured Lipid Carriers |
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48 | (2) |
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4 Types of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers |
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50 | (1) |
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5 Fabrication Methods of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles |
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50 | (2) |
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5.1 High-Pressure Homogenization |
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51 | (1) |
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6 Microemulsion Technique |
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52 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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8 Characterization of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles |
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53 | (3) |
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8.1 Particle Shape and Size |
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53 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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54 | (2) |
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56 | (1) |
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10 Application of Lipid Nanoparticles in Gene Delivery |
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56 | (1) |
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11 Application of SLNs and NLCs in Cancer Therapy: A New Hope for a Cancer-Free World |
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57 | (2) |
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12 Application of Lipid Nanoparticles in Protein and Peptide Delivery |
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59 | (1) |
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13 Application of Lipid Nanoparticles in Oral Drug Delivery |
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60 | (2) |
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14 Application of Lipid Nanoparticles in Brain Drug Delivery |
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62 | (1) |
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15 Application of Lipid Nanoparticles in Pulmonary Drug Delivery |
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63 | (1) |
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16 Application of Lipid Nanoparticles in Topical Drug Delivery |
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64 | (1) |
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17 Application of Lipid Nanoparticles in Ocular Drug Delivery |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (11) |
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66 | (11) |
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Chapter 4 Graphene-Based Nanovehicles for Drug Delivery |
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77 | (36) |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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78 | (4) |
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3.1 Graphene and Biologic Fluids |
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78 | (2) |
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3.2 Inflammatory and Immune Response to Graphene |
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80 | (1) |
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3.3 Interaction of Graphene and Blood Components |
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80 | (1) |
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3.4 Bioaccumulation of Graphene |
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81 | (1) |
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3.5 Cellular Uptake of Graphene |
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81 | (1) |
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4 Strategy for Preparation |
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82 | (2) |
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4.1 In Situ Intercalative Polymerization |
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83 | (1) |
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4.2 Solution Intercalation |
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83 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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5 Graphene-Based Polymer Composite |
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84 | (4) |
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5.1 Graphene Composite Paper |
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84 | (1) |
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5.2 Poly(3,4-Ethyldioxythiophene)/Graphene |
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85 | (1) |
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5.3 Epoxy/Graphene Nanocomposites |
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85 | (1) |
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5.4 PS/Graphene Nanocomposites |
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85 | (1) |
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5.5 Polyurethane/Graphene Nanocomposites |
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86 | (1) |
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5.6 Polyvinyl Alcohol/Graphene Nanocomposites |
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86 | (1) |
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5.7 Polyethylene Terephlhalate/Graphene Nanocomposites |
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87 | (1) |
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5.8 Polycarbonate/Graphene Nanocomposites |
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87 | (1) |
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5.9 Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride)/Graphene Nanocomposites |
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87 | (1) |
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5.10 Nafion/Graphene Nanocomposites |
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87 | (1) |
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5.11 Other Graphene-Based Polymer Composites |
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87 | (1) |
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6 Application of Graphene-Based Polymer Composite |
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88 | (12) |
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88 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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6.4 ESD and EMI Shielding |
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90 | (1) |
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6.5 Biomedical Application |
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90 | (10) |
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7 Cellular Toxicity of Graphene |
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100 | (1) |
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8 Graphene: A Novel Therapeutic Agent |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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9 Biodistribution and Nanotoxicity of Graphene in Other Organs |
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102 | (1) |
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102 | (11) |
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102 | (11) |
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Chapter 5 Applications of Carbon Nanotubes in Drug Delivery: A Comprehensive Review |
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113 | (24) |
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113 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (4) |
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118 | (1) |
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5 Characteristics of Carbon Nanotubes |
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119 | (1) |
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5.1 Mechanical Properties |
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119 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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5.3 Electrical Properties |
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120 | (1) |
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120 | (2) |
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120 | (2) |
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122 | (1) |
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122 | (3) |
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122 | (1) |
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123 | (1) |
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123 | (1) |
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7.4 Artificial Implantation and Tissue Regeneration |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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7.7 Waste Water Treatment |
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125 | (1) |
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8 Carbon Nanotubes in Drug Delivery |
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125 | (3) |
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8.1 Transdermal Drug Delivery |
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126 | (1) |
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8.2 CNTs for Cancer Treatment |
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126 | (1) |
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8.3 CNTs for Cardiac Autonomic Regulation |
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127 | (1) |
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8.4 CNTs for Platelet Activation |
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127 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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9 Conclusion and Future Recommendations |
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128 | (9) |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (7) |
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135 | (2) |
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Chapter 6 Nanolipid Materials for Drug Delivery Systems: A Comprehensive Review |
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137 | (28) |
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137 | (4) |
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141 | (4) |
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3 Polyethylene Glycol Derivatives of Fatty Acid Glycerides |
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145 | (2) |
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147 | (18) |
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155 | (10) |
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Chapter 7 Nanostructure Drug Delivery System Is an Option to Solve Antimicrobial Drug Resistance: Perspective Review |
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165 | (34) |
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165 | (3) |
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1.1 Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents |
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166 | (1) |
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1.2 Misuse of Antimicrobial Agents and Development of Microbial Resistance |
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167 | (1) |
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1.3 Need for Alternative Antimicrobial Drug Delivery Strategies |
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167 | (1) |
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2 Nanostructures for Antimicrobial Therapy |
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168 | (7) |
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2.1 Surface Modification of Nanocarriers for Antimicrobial Drug Therapy |
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170 | (5) |
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3 Pharmaceutical Nanocarriers for Antimicrobial Drug Delivery |
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175 | (13) |
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3.1 Liposomes for Antimicrobial Drug Delivery |
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176 | (3) |
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3.2 Polymeric Nanoparticles for Antimicrobial Drug Delivery |
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179 | (3) |
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3.3 Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Antimicrobial Drug Delivery |
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182 | (5) |
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3.4 Dendrimers for Antimicrobial Drug Delivery |
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187 | (1) |
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188 | (11) |
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188 | (11) |
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Chapter 8 Protein Nanocarriers for Targeted Drug Delivery |
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199 | (20) |
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199 | (2) |
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2 Animal Protein Nanocarriers |
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201 | (8) |
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201 | (1) |
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202 | (2) |
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204 | (1) |
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205 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (2) |
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209 | (1) |
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3 Plant Protein Nanocarriers |
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209 | (3) |
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210 | (1) |
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210 | (1) |
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211 | (1) |
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212 | (1) |
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4 Recombinant Protein Nanocarriers |
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212 | (1) |
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213 | (6) |
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213 | (6) |
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Chapter 9 Mechanism for the Nano-Based Drug Delivery System |
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219 | (46) |
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219 | (1) |
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2 Physicochemical Properties of Nanocarriers and Their Effects on Biologic Systems |
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220 | (2) |
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220 | (1) |
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221 | (1) |
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221 | (1) |
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2.4 Surface Functionalization |
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222 | (1) |
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3 Types of Drug Delivery Systems |
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222 | (1) |
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4 Controlled Delivery System |
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223 | (6) |
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4.1 Discovery of the Controlled Drug Delivery Systems |
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223 | (3) |
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4.2 Nanoemulsions Carrier for Controlled Delivery |
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226 | (2) |
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4.3 Disulfide Cross-Linked Shell for Noncovalently Drug-Loaded System |
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228 | (1) |
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4.4 Disulfide Cross-Linked Shell for Covalently Drug-Loaded System |
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228 | (1) |
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229 | (7) |
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5.1 Advantages of Targeted Drug Delivery |
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232 | (1) |
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5.2 Polymer Nanocarriers for Selective Release |
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233 | (1) |
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5.3 Mechanisms and Idea of Nanomaterial-Based Site-Targeted Controlled Release |
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234 | (1) |
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5.4 Nanotoxicity: Systems and Suggestions for Safe Outline of Nanomaterials |
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235 | (1) |
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5.5 Productivity of Cellular Drug and DDS Targeting |
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235 | (1) |
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6 Structural-Based Drug Delivery System |
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236 | (13) |
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236 | (6) |
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242 | (2) |
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244 | (1) |
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6.4 Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery System |
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245 | (1) |
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6.5 Hydrogel-Based Drug Delivery System |
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246 | (2) |
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6.6 Carbon Nanotube---Based Drug Delivery System |
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248 | (1) |
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249 | (16) |
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249 | (1) |
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249 | (14) |
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263 | (2) |
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Chapter 10 Microscopy of Nanomaterial for Drug Delivery |
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265 | (16) |
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265 | (1) |
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2 Characterization of Nanomaterials by Microscopy |
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266 | (12) |
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2.1 Atomic Force Microscopy |
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267 | (4) |
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2.2 Transmission Electron Microscopy |
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271 | (2) |
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2.3 Scanning Electron Microscopy |
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273 | (2) |
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2.4 Scanning Tunneling Microscopy |
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275 | (3) |
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278 | (3) |
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279 | (1) |
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279 | (2) |
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Chapter 11 Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery: Recent Developments in Spectroscopic Characterization |
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281 | (56) |
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281 | (3) |
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2 Nanoparticles Characterization Techniques Overview |
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284 | (2) |
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3 Spectroscopic Technique Applications in Nanoparticle Characterization |
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286 | (2) |
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4 Vibrational Related Spectroscopies (IR and Raman) |
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288 | (9) |
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5 Plasmon-Enhanced Spectroscopies |
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297 | (1) |
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6 Surface Plasmon Resonance, Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy, and Related Techniques |
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297 | (10) |
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7 Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
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307 | (5) |
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8 Light Scattering and Diffraction Spectroscopic Methods |
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312 | (4) |
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8.1 Dynamic Light and Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Methods |
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312 | (3) |
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315 | (1) |
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9 Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy and X-ray Photoeleclron Spectroscopy |
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316 | (2) |
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10 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy |
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318 | (5) |
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323 | (14) |
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324 | (13) |
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Chapter 12 Design and Characterization of Nanoparticulate Drug Delivery |
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337 | (14) |
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337 | (2) |
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2 Uniqueness of Nanoscale |
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339 | (2) |
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3 Properties of Particles at Nanoscale |
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341 | (3) |
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342 | (2) |
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344 | (1) |
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4.1 Definition of Particle Size |
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344 | (1) |
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345 | (1) |
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5.1 Two-Dimensional Image |
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345 | (1) |
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5.2 Three-Dimensional Image |
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345 | (1) |
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346 | (1) |
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6.1 Definitions of Powder Density |
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346 | (1) |
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6.2 Measurement Methods of Powder Density |
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347 | (1) |
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7 Composite Structure of Nanoparticle |
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347 | (1) |
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8 SEM and TEM Evaluation of Nanoparticles |
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348 | (3) |
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349 | (2) |
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Chapter 13 Thermoresponsive Drug Delivery Systems, Characterization, and Applications |
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351 | (24) |
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351 | (1) |
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2 Thermoresponsive Preparations |
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352 | (1) |
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3 Classification of Thermoresponsive Nanoparticles |
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353 | (15) |
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353 | (4) |
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357 | (4) |
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361 | (2) |
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363 | (4) |
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367 | (1) |
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368 | (1) |
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368 | (7) |
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369 | (6) |
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Chapter 14 Stimuli-Responsive Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery |
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375 | (50) |
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Guadalupe G. Flores-Rojas |
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375 | (1) |
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2 Synthesis of Inorganic and Polymeric NPs |
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375 | (12) |
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2.1 Inorganic NP Synthesis |
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376 | (4) |
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380 | (7) |
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387 | (3) |
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3.1 Polymer-Based Nanocomposites |
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387 | (2) |
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3.2 Stimuli-Responsive Nanocomposites |
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389 | (1) |
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4 Metallic NPs and Applications |
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390 | (10) |
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4.1 Sensors and Biosensors |
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390 | (5) |
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4.2 Nanomedicine and Biomedical Materials |
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395 | (5) |
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400 | (25) |
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5.1 Stimuli-Responsive Mesoporous Silica NPs |
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403 | (2) |
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405 | (1) |
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405 | (20) |
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Chapter 15 Stability Studies on Nanomaterials Used in Drugs |
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425 | (20) |
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425 | (2) |
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2 The Nanoscale of Things |
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427 | (1) |
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3 General Methods of Synthesis of Nanomaterials |
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427 | (2) |
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427 | (1) |
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428 | (1) |
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4 Synthesis of Nanoparticles |
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429 | (2) |
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5 Stabilization of Nanoparticles |
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431 | (1) |
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6 Stabilizing Agents for Nanoparticles |
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431 | (1) |
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7 Functionalization of Nanoparticles |
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432 | (1) |
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8 Theory on Stability of Nanoparticles |
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433 | (4) |
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8.1 Van der Waals Interaction Forces |
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433 | (2) |
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435 | (2) |
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437 | (1) |
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9 Mechanism to Check the Stability of Nanoparticles |
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437 | (8) |
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9.1 UV-Visible Spectroscopy |
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437 | (1) |
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9.2 Surface Plasmon Resonance |
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438 | (1) |
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438 | (2) |
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9.4 Transmission Electron Microscopy |
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440 | (1) |
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441 | (1) |
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441 | (4) |
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Chapter 16 Nano Drugs: Are They Safe? Their Toxicity and Regulatory Aspects |
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445 | (32) |
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445 | (2) |
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2 Nanomaterials in Drug Delivery |
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447 | (17) |
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447 | (4) |
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451 | (4) |
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455 | (1) |
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456 | (8) |
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464 | (13) |
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465 | (1) |
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465 | (1) |
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465 | (1) |
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466 | (1) |
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3.5 Regulatory Aspects of NMs in Agri/Feed/Food in the European Union |
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466 | (1) |
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3.6 Regulatory Aspects Concerning NMs in Agri/Food/Feed in Non-EU Countries |
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467 | (1) |
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468 | (1) |
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469 | (6) |
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475 | (2) |
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Chapter 17 Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine in Market: A Global Perspective on Regulatory Issues |
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477 | (46) |
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477 | (1) |
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478 | (1) |
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478 | (1) |
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4 Features of Nanotechnology |
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478 | (22) |
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479 | (1) |
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4.2 Impact of Nanoscale Properties |
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480 | (3) |
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4.3 Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Nanoscale Properties |
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483 | (1) |
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4.4 Top-Down and Bottom-Up Nanotechnology |
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483 | (1) |
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4.5 Is Nanotechnology a Radical New Science? |
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484 | (1) |
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4.6 Impact of Interdisciplinary Nanotechnology |
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485 | (3) |
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4.7 Current Regulatory Regime's Response to Health, Safety, and Environmental Aspects of Nanotechnologies |
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488 | (12) |
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500 | (2) |
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5.1 Nanomettology in Australia |
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501 | (1) |
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6 Legal Metrology Framework for Nanotechnology in Australia and Internationally |
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502 | (1) |
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502 | (12) |
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7.1 Australia's National Measurement System |
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504 | (1) |
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7.2 Measurement Traceability |
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505 | (1) |
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7.3 Elements of a Legal Metrology Control System |
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505 | (2) |
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7.4 Suitability of a Legal Metrology Control System to Address the Impact of Nanotechnology |
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507 | (1) |
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7.5 Consideration of a Legal Metrology Framework for Nanotechnology |
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507 | (7) |
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514 | (2) |
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516 | (2) |
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518 | (5) |
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518 | (1) |
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518 | (5) |
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Chapter 18 Nano Drugs: A Critical Review of Their Patents and Market |
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523 | (30) |
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523 | (16) |
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1.1 Major Events in Nano Drug Inventions |
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523 | (16) |
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539 | (1) |
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540 | (1) |
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4 Nano Drugs in Ocular Drug Delivery |
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540 | (1) |
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5 Nano Drugs in the Treatment of Pulmonary Diseases |
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541 | (1) |
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6 Nano Drugs for Central Nervous System Diseases |
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541 | (1) |
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7 Nano Drugs for the Treatment of Vascular Thrombosis |
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541 | (1) |
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8 Nano Drugs for Gene Therapy |
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542 | (1) |
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542 | (1) |
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10 Nano Drugs for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease |
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543 | (1) |
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544 | (3) |
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12 Future Opportunities and Challenges |
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547 | (6) |
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547 | (6) |
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Chapter 19 Nanobiocatalysts for Industrial Applications |
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553 | (10) |
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553 | (1) |
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2 Polymeric Nanobiocatalysts |
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554 | (1) |
|
3 Magnetic Nanobiocatalysts |
|
|
555 | (1) |
|
|
556 | (1) |
|
|
557 | (1) |
|
6 Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) |
|
|
558 | (1) |
|
7 Sol-Gel based Nanobiocatalysts |
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
|
559 | (4) |
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
|
560 | (3) |
|
Chapter 20 Nano-Based Carriers for Brain Drug Delivery |
|
|
563 | (24) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
563 | (2) |
|
2 Biologic Aspects of the CNS |
|
|
565 | (1) |
|
|
566 | (1) |
|
|
567 | (1) |
|
5 Transferrin Receptor in Brain Capillary Endothelial Cells |
|
|
568 | (1) |
|
6 Nanocarrier Implementation |
|
|
568 | (2) |
|
6.1 Size and Charge Optimization |
|
|
569 | (1) |
|
6.2 Surface Modifications |
|
|
569 | (1) |
|
|
569 | (1) |
|
|
570 | (1) |
|
|
570 | (1) |
|
|
570 | (1) |
|
7 Strategies for CNS Drug Delivery |
|
|
570 | (1) |
|
8 Local or Systemic Delivery? |
|
|
571 | (1) |
|
9 Invasive Strategies for CNS Drug Delivery |
|
|
572 | (1) |
|
9.1 Disruption of the BBB |
|
|
572 | (1) |
|
9.2 Direct Injection Into CNS |
|
|
572 | (1) |
|
10 Noninvasive Strategies for CNS Drug Delivery |
|
|
573 | (1) |
|
11 Drug Transport Mechanisms of BBB |
|
|
573 | (3) |
|
11.1 Passive Diffusion (Transmembrane Diffusion) |
|
|
573 | (2) |
|
11.2 Carrier/Transporter-Mediated Transport |
|
|
575 | (1) |
|
11.3 Active Efflux Transporters |
|
|
575 | (1) |
|
11.4 Receptor-Mediated Transport |
|
|
575 | (1) |
|
12 Targeting Perspectives for Brain Drug Delivery |
|
|
576 | (1) |
|
13 Other Delivery Approaches |
|
|
577 | (2) |
|
13.1 Chimeric Peptide Technology |
|
|
577 | (1) |
|
13.2 BBB Transport of Small Molecules Is Limited |
|
|
578 | (1) |
|
14 Nanopharmaceutical Approaches for CNS Drug Delivery |
|
|
579 | (1) |
|
|
580 | (1) |
|
|
581 | (1) |
|
17 Neurodegenerative Disorders: Alzheimer Disease and Parkinson Disease |
|
|
582 | (1) |
|
18 An Important Point to Consider: Neurotoxicity Potential of Nanocarriers |
|
|
583 | (1) |
|
19 Future Perspectives and Conclusions |
|
|
583 | (4) |
|
|
584 | (3) |
|
Chapter 21 Administration Routes for Nano Drugs and Characterization of Nano Drug Loading |
|
|
587 | (40) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
587 | (1) |
|
2 Polymeric Nanoparticles |
|
|
587 | (5) |
|
2.1 Oral Administration Route |
|
|
588 | (2) |
|
2.2 Transdermal Administration Route |
|
|
590 | (1) |
|
2.3 Nasal Administration Route |
|
|
590 | (1) |
|
2.4 Ocular Administration Route |
|
|
590 | (1) |
|
2.5 Pulmonary Administration Route |
|
|
591 | (1) |
|
2.6 Parenteral Administration Route |
|
|
591 | (1) |
|
|
592 | (5) |
|
3.1 Drug-Loading Dendrimer Administration Routes |
|
|
592 | (1) |
|
|
593 | (1) |
|
3.3 Transdermal Drug Delivery |
|
|
594 | (1) |
|
|
594 | (1) |
|
3.5 Pulmonary Drug Administration |
|
|
595 | (1) |
|
3.6 Parenteral Drug Administration |
|
|
596 | (1) |
|
3.7 Dendrimer Advantages and Disadvantages |
|
|
596 | (1) |
|
|
597 | (4) |
|
4.1 Enteral/Gastroenteric Administration |
|
|
598 | (1) |
|
4.2 Parenteral Administration |
|
|
598 | (2) |
|
4.3 Topical Administration |
|
|
600 | (1) |
|
4.4 Pulmonary Administration |
|
|
600 | (1) |
|
5 Cyclodextrin-Based Nanocarriers |
|
|
601 | (7) |
|
5.1 Cyclodextrin Applications |
|
|
602 | (2) |
|
5.2 Ocular Administration Route |
|
|
604 | (2) |
|
5.3 Nasal Administration Route |
|
|
606 | (1) |
|
5.4 Transdermal Administration Route |
|
|
606 | (1) |
|
5.5 Oral Administration Route |
|
|
607 | (1) |
|
5.6 Pulmonary Administration Route |
|
|
607 | (1) |
|
6 Characterization of Nanoparticular Systems |
|
|
608 | (4) |
|
|
608 | (1) |
|
6.2 High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography |
|
|
608 | (1) |
|
6.3 The Efficiency of Drug Incorporation/Encapsulation |
|
|
609 | (1) |
|
|
610 | (1) |
|
6.5 Differential Scanning Calorimetry |
|
|
610 | (1) |
|
6.6 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance |
|
|
610 | (1) |
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
|
612 | (1) |
|
|
612 | (15) |
|
|
613 | (1) |
|
|
613 | (11) |
|
|
624 | (3) |
Index |
|
627 | |