Preface |
|
ix | |
About This Book |
|
xi | |
|
Chapter 1 Concepts of Text Summarization |
|
|
1 | (22) |
|
|
1 | (1) |
|
1.2 Need for Text Summarization |
|
|
1 | (1) |
|
1.3 Approaches to Text Summarization |
|
|
2 | (1) |
|
1.3.1 Extractive Summarization |
|
|
2 | (1) |
|
1.3.2 Abstractive Summarization |
|
|
2 | (1) |
|
1.4 Text Modeling for Extractive Summarization |
|
|
3 | (8) |
|
|
3 | (2) |
|
|
5 | (4) |
|
1.4.3 Topic Representation Schemes |
|
|
9 | (2) |
|
|
11 | (1) |
|
1.5 Preprocessing for Extractive Summarization |
|
|
11 | (4) |
|
1.6 Emerging Techniques for Summarization |
|
|
15 | (1) |
|
|
16 | (2) |
|
|
18 | (1) |
|
|
19 | (4) |
|
|
22 | (1) |
|
Chapter 2 Large-Scale Summarization Using Machine Learning Approach |
|
|
23 | (24) |
|
2.1 Scaling to Summarize Large Text |
|
|
23 | (1) |
|
2.2 Machine Learning Approaches |
|
|
23 | (21) |
|
2.2.1 Different Approaches for Modeling Text Summarization Problem |
|
|
24 | (1) |
|
2.2.2 Classification as Text Summarization |
|
|
24 | (1) |
|
2.2.2.1 Data Representation |
|
|
24 | (3) |
|
2.2.2.2 Text Feature Extraction |
|
|
27 | (2) |
|
2.2.2.3 Classification Techniques |
|
|
29 | (3) |
|
2.2.3 Clustering as Text Summarization |
|
|
32 | (4) |
|
2.2.4 Deep Learning Approach for Text Summarization |
|
|
36 | (8) |
|
|
44 | (1) |
|
|
45 | (2) |
|
Chapter 3 Sentiment Analysis Approach to Text Summarization |
|
|
47 | (16) |
|
|
47 | (1) |
|
3.2 Sentiment Analysis: Overview |
|
|
47 | (7) |
|
3.2.1 Sentiment Extraction and Summarization |
|
|
47 | (1) |
|
3.2.1.1 Sentiment Extraction from Text |
|
|
48 | (1) |
|
|
48 | (1) |
|
3.2.1.3 Score Computation |
|
|
48 | (1) |
|
3.2.1.4 Summary Generation |
|
|
49 | (1) |
|
3.2.2 Sentiment Summarization: An Illustration |
|
|
49 | (1) |
|
|
50 | (1) |
|
3.2.3 Methodologies for Sentiment Summarization |
|
|
51 | (3) |
|
3.3 Implications of Sentiments in Text Summarization |
|
|
54 | (2) |
|
Cognition-Based Sentiment Analysis and Summarization |
|
|
55 | (1) |
|
|
56 | (1) |
|
|
56 | (2) |
|
|
56 | (1) |
|
|
57 | (1) |
|
Sample Code (Run Using GraphLab) |
|
|
58 | (1) |
|
|
58 | (1) |
|
|
59 | (1) |
|
|
60 | (3) |
|
Chapter 4 Text Summarization Using Parallel Processing Approach |
|
|
63 | (34) |
|
|
63 | (1) |
|
Parallelizing Computational Tasks |
|
|
63 | (1) |
|
Parallelizing for Distributed Data |
|
|
63 | (1) |
|
4.2 Parallel Processing Approaches |
|
|
63 | (4) |
|
4.2.1 Parallel Algorithms for Text Summarization |
|
|
64 | (1) |
|
4.2.2 Parallel Bisection k-Means Method |
|
|
64 | (3) |
|
4.3 Parallel Data Processing Algorithms for Large-Scale Summarization |
|
|
67 | (8) |
|
4.3.1 Designing MapReduce Algorithm for Text Summarization |
|
|
67 | (1) |
|
4.3.2 Key Concepts in Mapper |
|
|
68 | (1) |
|
4.3.3 Key Concepts in Reducer |
|
|
69 | (2) |
|
|
71 | (1) |
|
An Illustrative Example for MapReduce |
|
|
71 | (1) |
|
|
71 | (4) |
|
4.4 Other MR-Based Methods |
|
|
75 | (6) |
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
|
81 | (6) |
|
K-Means Clustering Using MapReduce |
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
Parallel LDA Example (Using Gensim Package) |
|
|
81 | (2) |
|
Sample Code: (Using Gensim Package) |
|
|
83 | (1) |
|
Example: Creating an Inverted Index |
|
|
83 | (2) |
|
Example: Relational Algebra (Table JOIN) |
|
|
85 | (2) |
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
|
88 | (9) |
|
Chapter 5 Optimization Approaches for Text Summarization |
|
|
97 | (22) |
|
|
97 | (1) |
|
5.2 Optimization for Summarization |
|
|
97 | (1) |
|
5.2.1 Modeling Text Summarization as Optimization Problem |
|
|
98 | (1) |
|
5.2.2 Various Approaches for Optimization |
|
|
98 | (1) |
|
5.3 Formulation of Various Approaches |
|
|
98 | (13) |
|
5.3.1 Sentence Ranking Approach |
|
|
98 | (2) |
|
5.3.1.1 Stages and Illustration |
|
|
100 | (1) |
|
5.3.2 Evolutionary Approaches |
|
|
101 | (1) |
|
|
101 | (1) |
|
|
102 | (2) |
|
5.3.3 MapReduce-Based Approach |
|
|
104 | (1) |
|
5.3.3.1 In-Node Optimization Illustration |
|
|
105 | (1) |
|
5.3.4 Multi-objective-Based Approach |
|
|
106 | (5) |
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
|
112 | (4) |
|
|
116 | (1) |
|
|
117 | (2) |
|
Chapter 6 Performance Evaluation of Large-Scale Summarization Systems |
|
|
119 | (14) |
|
6.1 Evaluation of Summaries |
|
|
119 | (3) |
|
|
120 | (1) |
|
|
120 | (1) |
|
|
121 | (1) |
|
|
122 | (1) |
|
|
122 | (1) |
|
|
122 | (1) |
|
|
122 | (5) |
|
6.3.1 Text Quality Measures |
|
|
122 | (1) |
|
|
122 | (1) |
|
|
122 | (1) |
|
6.3.1.3 Reverential Clarity |
|
|
123 | (1) |
|
6.3.1.4 Structure and Coherence |
|
|
123 | (1) |
|
6.3.2 Co-selection-Based Methods |
|
|
123 | (1) |
|
6.3.2.1 Precision, Recall, and F-score |
|
|
123 | (1) |
|
|
124 | (1) |
|
6.3.3 Content-Based Methods |
|
|
124 | (1) |
|
6.3.3.1 Content-Based Measures |
|
|
124 | (1) |
|
6.3.3.2 Cosine Similarity |
|
|
125 | (1) |
|
|
125 | (1) |
|
6.3.3.4 Longest Common Subsequence |
|
|
125 | (1) |
|
6.3.3.5 N-Gram Co-occurrence Statistics: ROUGE |
|
|
125 | (1) |
|
|
126 | (1) |
|
6.3.3.7 LSA-Based Measure |
|
|
126 | (1) |
|
6.3.3.8 Main Topic Similarity |
|
|
126 | (1) |
|
6.3.3.9 Term Significance Similarity |
|
|
126 | (1) |
|
|
127 | (5) |
|
6.4.1 Document Categorization |
|
|
127 | (1) |
|
6.4.1.1 Information Retrieval |
|
|
127 | (1) |
|
6.4.1.2 Question Answering |
|
|
128 | (1) |
|
|
128 | (1) |
|
|
128 | (4) |
|
|
132 | (1) |
|
Chapter 7 Applications and Future Directions |
|
|
133 | (10) |
|
7.1 Possible Directions in Modeling Text Summarization |
|
|
133 | (1) |
|
7.2 Scope of Summarization Systems in Different Applications |
|
|
133 | (1) |
|
|
134 | (2) |
|
Future Directions for Medical Document Summarization |
|
|
135 | (1) |
|
|
136 | (3) |
|
Challenges in Social Media Text Summarization |
|
|
138 | (1) |
|
Domain Knowledge and Transfer Learning |
|
|
138 | (1) |
|
|
138 | (1) |
|
|
138 | (1) |
|
Applications of Deep Learning |
|
|
138 | (1) |
|
Implicit and Explicit Information for Actionable Insights |
|
|
139 | (1) |
|
7.5 Research Directions for Text Summarization |
|
|
139 | (2) |
|
7.6 Further Scope of Research on Large-Scale Summarization |
|
|
141 | (1) |
|
|
141 | (1) |
|
|
141 | (2) |
Appendix A Python Projects and Useful Links on Text Summarization |
|
143 | (56) |
Appendix B Solutions to Selected Exercises |
|
199 | (12) |
Index |
|
211 | |