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E-raamat: Countdown to a Moon Launch: Preparing Apollo for Its Historic Journey

4.27/5 (39 hinnangut Goodreads-ist)
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Sari: Space Exploration
  • Ilmumisaeg: 07-Jul-2015
  • Kirjastus: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783319177922
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Countdown to a Moon Launch: Preparing Apollo for Its Historic JourneySuurem pilt
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Sari: Space Exploration
  • Ilmumisaeg: 07-Jul-2015
  • Kirjastus: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783319177922
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Thousands of workers labored at Kennedy Space Center around the clock, seven days a week, for half a year to prepare a mission for the liftoff ofApollo 11. This is the story of what went on during those hectic six months.

Countdown to a Moon Launch provides an in-depth look at the carefully choreographed workflow for an Apollo mission at KSC. Using theApollo 11 mission as an example, readers will learn what went on day by day to transform partially completed stages and crates of parts into a ready-to-fly Saturn V. Firsthand accounts of launch pad accidents, near misses, suspected sabotage, and last-minute changes to hardware are told by more than 70 NASA employees and its contractors. A companion toRocket Ranch, it includes many diagrams and photographs, some never before published, to illustrate all aspects of the process. NASA’s groundbreaking use of computers for testing and advanced management techniques are also covered in detail.

This book will demystify the question of how NASA could build and launch Apollo missions using 1960s technology. You’ll discover that there was no magic involved – just an abundance of discipline, willpower, and creativity.

Arvustused

This is a painstakingly researched and compiled book, with nearly 400 pages of finely detailed narrative plus appendices, covering the process of preparing, assembling and testing Apollo Moon rocketsboosters, command/service modules and lunar modulesat the Kennedy Space Center. it is an enjoyable one. This carefully researched and lovingly written book merits a space on the bookshelf of any Apollo aficionado . (Rod Pyle, Quest Magazine, Vol. 23 (4), 2016)

This book is organized into eleven chapters, each rich with original photographs, project schedules, flowcharts, and direct quotations from personal interviews with NASA employees. It is a great read for space history and aerospace engineering enthusiasts, and finally gives a voice to those nobodies who helped Apollo reach the Moon. (Lisa Westwood, Quest Magazine, Vol. 23 (4), 2016)

This book covers launch preparations for Apollo launches . This is a fine, fun read with lots of information, especially about coordination and testing. This book is recommended for anyone with an interest in space and the American space program, but it also contains a wealth of information that could be of interest and use for engineering students and those interested in organizational systems and processes. (Jeffrey Putnam, Computing Reviews, December, 2015)

Acknowledgments xi
Dedication xv
About the Author xvii
Foreword xix
Preface xxiii
1 Introduction
1(6)
How Was That Even Remotely Possible?
1(1)
Why a Book About Kennedy Space Center?
2(1)
How This Book is Organized
3(1)
24,000 Perspectives
4(3)
2 Controlling Complexity
7(22)
The Unrelenting Pace
7(1)
1965
8(1)
1966
8(1)
1967
8(1)
1968
8(1)
1969
8(1)
KSC and the Flight Hardware
9(1)
Managing the Program
9(3)
Managing the Work
12(1)
Managing Operations for Multiple Missions
12(1)
Firing Room 4
13(3)
Rocco Petrone's Daily Staff Meeting
16(1)
DLO Schedule
17(1)
The 72-Hour/11-Day Schedules and Snoopy
18(6)
Managing the Contractors
24(1)
Padding, Sandbagging, and Umbrellas
25(1)
Contractor Scheduling and Reporting
26(1)
Communication Was Key
27(2)
3 Requirements, Tests, and Computerization
29(38)
Controlling the Configuration
29(1)
It All Started with Requirements
29(2)
Configuration Inspection Log and Engineering Orders
31(1)
Testing to the Requirements
32(1)
Test and Checkout Procedure (TCP)
32(1)
Test Preparation Sheet (TPS)
32(1)
Integrated Test Procedure (ITP)
32(1)
Pre-test Briefings
33(2)
Test and Inspection Record (TAIR)
35(1)
Test Problem Report (TPR)
36(1)
Discrepancy Record (DR) and Material Review (MR)
37(1)
Roles in Test and Checkout
38(1)
Quality Control Inspection
39(2)
Developing Tests and Procedures
41(2)
Working with the Process
43(1)
Logbooks
44(2)
Certifications
46(1)
Computerization
46(2)
Saturn Launch Computer Complex
48(2)
Programming the 110A
50(1)
Launch Vehicle Test System Operation
51(1)
Other Launch Vehicle Computer Systems
52(1)
Digital Data Acquisition System
52(1)
Digital Events Evaluator (DEE)
52(1)
Post-test Analysis
53(1)
The Marshall Breadboard
53(1)
The ACE-S/C System
54(2)
Spacecraft Testing with ACE
56(1)
The Quick-Look Data Station
57(2)
Central Instrumentation Facility (CIF)
59(2)
Timing and Countdown System
61(1)
Propellant Tanking Computer System
61(2)
Computers Were Vital to Success
63(1)
Was the Paperwork Worth It?
64(3)
4 The MSOB and the CSM Processing Flow
67(58)
Why Assemble and Test at Kennedy Space Center?
67(1)
The Apollo Spacecraft
68(1)
The Command/Service Module (CSM)
69(1)
The Command Module
69(2)
The Service Module
71(1)
Block I and Block II CSMs
72(1)
The Lunar Module (LM)
72(2)
The Launch Escape System (LES)
74(2)
Spacecraft/Lunar Module Adapter (SLA)
76(1)
The Hectic World of Spacecraft Operations
77(3)
Roles and Responsibilities
80(1)
Senior Leadership
80(1)
The Test Teams
80(6)
Work on the Assembly and Checkout Floor
86(3)
Other Roles
89(1)
Resident Apollo Spacecraft Program Office (RASPO)
90(1)
Remote Support
90(1)
Working with the Astronauts
91(1)
Spacecraft Testing with ACE
92(1)
The Spacecraft Flow in the MSOB
92(2)
The CSM Processing Flow
94(1)
Week of January 20, 1969: L Minus 177 Days
94(1)
Week of January 27: L Minus 170 Days
95(5)
Week of February 3: L Minus 163 Days
100(1)
Week of February 10: L Minus 156 Days
100(2)
Weeks of February 17 and 24: L Minus 149 Days
102(2)
Week of March 3: L Minus 135 Days
104(1)
Week of March 10: L Minus 128 Days
105(3)
Week of March 17: L Minus 121 Days
108(2)
Week of March 24: L Minus 114 Days
110(3)
Week of March 31: L Minus 107 Days
113(1)
Week of April 7: L Minus 100 Days
113(1)
SIM Bay Experiments
114(5)
Skylab Orbital Workshop Modules and ASTP Docking Module
119(6)
5 The LM Processing Flow
125(48)
Initial Inspections
125(1)
Weeks of January 6 to January 20: L Minus 191 Days
125(1)
Problem LMs
126(1)
LM-1
127(2)
LM-3
129(1)
LM-8
130(2)
Buildup and Testing
132(1)
Week of January 27: L Minus 170 Days
132(1)
Week of February 3: L Minus 163 Days
132(1)
Week of February 10: L Minus 156 Days
133(3)
Week of February 17: L Minus 149 Days
136(3)
Week of February 24: L Minus 146 Days
139(2)
Week of March 3: L Minus 135 Days
141(1)
Week of March 10: L Minus 128 Days
141(2)
Week of March 17: L Minus 121 Days
143(2)
Week of March 24: L Minus 114 Days
145(1)
Week of March 31: L Minus 107 Days
146(7)
EASEP and ALSEP Processing
153(2)
Lunar Rover Processing on Apollo 15 Through 17
155(4)
Final Spacecraft Assembly
159(1)
Processing the SLA
159(2)
Mating the Lunar Module to the SLA
161(3)
Mating the Command/Service Module to the SLA
164(1)
Transferring to the VAB
165(8)
6 The Launch Vehicle Processing Flow in the VAB
173(54)
The World of Launch Vehicle Operations
173(1)
Launch Complex 39
174(2)
The Saturn Launch Vehicles
176(3)
The S-IC
179(1)
The S-II
179(1)
The S-IVB
179(1)
Instrument Unit
180(1)
The S-IB
180(1)
The Launch Vehicle Processing Flow
180(1)
Stage Checkout Prior to Delivery to KSC
181(1)
Transport to KSC
182(1)
Weeks of January 20 to February 3: L Minus 177 Days
182(1)
Sabotage on Apollo 11's S-IVB in the VAB?
183(3)
The S-II Arrives: February 6, 1969
186(3)
Week of February 17: L Minus 149 Days
189(1)
Erecting the S-IC
190(6)
Week of February 24: L Minus 146 Days
196(2)
Week of March 3: L Minus 135 Days
198(3)
The S-II Spacer "Spool": AS-501/AS-502
201(8)
The AS-500F Twang Test
209(1)
Week of March 10: L Minus 128 Days
210(1)
Testing Protocol in Launch Vehicle Operations
210(2)
Week of March 17: L Minus 121 Days
212(1)
Week of March 24: L Minus 114 Days
213(1)
Week of March 31: L Minus 107 Days
214(3)
Week of April 7: L Minus 100 Days
217(1)
Stacking the Spacecraft: April 14, 1969
217(2)
Week of May 5: L Minus 72 Days
219(2)
Week of May 12: L Minus 65 Days
221(4)
Week of May 19: L Minus 58 Days
225(2)
7 The Processing Flow at the Launch Pad
227(38)
The Processing Flow at the Launch Pad
227(1)
Week of May 19: L Minus 58 Days
227(1)
Rollout: Tuesday, May 20, 1969
228(5)
Mating the LUT to the Pad
233(1)
Positioning the MSS to Work on the Spacecraft
234(4)
Week of May 26: L Minus 51 Days
238(1)
The Apollo 16 Bladder Incident
239(3)
Week of June 2: L Minus 44 Days
242(1)
Right Readiness Test (FRT)
243(1)
Post-FRT work
244(2)
Last-Minute Problems and Changes to LM-5
246(6)
Week of June 9: L Minus 37 Days
252(1)
Launch Readiness Review
252(4)
Week of June 16: L Minus 30 Days
256(5)
Week of June 23: L Minus 23 Days
261(4)
8 Countdown Demonstration Test
265(24)
The Dress Rehearsal
265(1)
Wet Test and Dry Test
266(1)
Launch Blocks
267(1)
The Apollo 4 CDDT: "The Test from Hell"
268(5)
The Apollo 10 Fuel Tank Collapse
273(2)
The Apollo 13 Oxygen Cloud and Vehicles to Burn
275(2)
Week of June 30: L Minus 16 Days
277(1)
Three Strikes Against Apollo 13 During CDDT
278(7)
Week of July 7, 1969: L Minus 9 Days
285(1)
Is That a Cold Solder Joint?
286(3)
9 Launch Countdown
289(56)
Introduction to Launch Countdown
289(1)
Launch Windows for Apollo 11
289(1)
Monthly Launch Window
290(1)
Daily Launch Window
290(1)
Countdown Procedures
291(3)
Sub-tasks
294(1)
Launch Mission Rules Document
295(1)
Interrupting the Countdown
296(3)
Procedure Change Requests
299(1)
Staffing During Countdown
299(1)
ACE Rooms
300(1)
Launch Pad
301(1)
Other Support Operations
302(1)
Preparations Start: T Minus 130 Hours
303(2)
Pre-count: T Minus 93 Hours
305(3)
Countdown Start: T Minus 28 Hours
308(2)
Power Transfer Test
310(2)
Range Safety Tests
312(1)
LM Closeout
313(4)
MSS Rollback
317(1)
Sidebar: The S-II Sensor Short
318(3)
Propellant Loading: T Minus 9 Hours
321(2)
Going on Station in the Final Hours
323(1)
The Countdown Resumes
324(5)
LH2 Leak! T Minus 3 Hours 38 Minutes
329(1)
Astronauts on Board: T Minus 2 Hours 40 Minutes
330(6)
Recycle Point: T Minus 22 Minutes
336(1)
Terminal Count: T Minus 3 Minutes 10 Seconds
337(1)
Terminal Countdown Sequencer (TCS)
337(1)
Interlocks
337(1)
Terminal Count to Liftoff
338(7)
10 Plus Time and Near Misses
345(24)
The Saturn V Takes Flight: T Zero
345(6)
Forward Observers
351(1)
Safing the Pad
352(2)
Turnaround After Scrub
354(2)
24-Hour Turnaround
356(1)
3-Day Turnaround
356(1)
Other Scrub Options
356(1)
Lessons Learned From Countdown And Launch
356(1)
AS-502 (Apollo 6): The Successful Failure
357(2)
The Apollo 12 Lightning Strike
359(3)
Apollo 17: Cutoff at T minus 30 Seconds
362(3)
Battle Damage in the Skylab Orbital Workshop Launch
365(2)
Skylab 2: Milliseconds from Disaster
367(2)
11 Epilogue
369(6)
Would It Actually Work?
369(6)
Appendix A Acronyms and Abbreviations 375(6)
Appendix B Missions with Apollo and Saturn Hardware 381(10)
Appendix C S-II Stage Checkout Tests 391(10)
Appendix D Apollo 11 OIS Call Signs 401(8)
Appendix E Firing Room Staffing During Apollo 11 and 14 Countdowns 409(8)
Appendix F Recommended Reading and References 417(6)
Appendix G Interviewees 423(4)
Index 427
American author Jonathan Ward spent several years of his childhood in Japan, but he considers the Virginia suburbs of Washington, D. C., to be his hometown. Although he has a wide variety of interests and has worked in many fields, space exploration is his lifelong passion. His joy of bringing the space program to life for the general public began in high school, when he served as a volunteer tour guide at the National Air and Space Museum during the Apollo 15 and 16 missions. He continues his public outreach today, as a Solar System Ambassador for the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, as a frequent speaker on space exploration topics to interest groups and at regional conferences, and as an author for Springer-Praxis. Jonathan is also a frequent contributor to online space exploration forums.

Jonathan brings a unique perspective to his writing that marries a systems view of the topic, fascination with the technology, passion for space exploration, and deep respect for the people whomake it all happen. He holds an MS in Systems Management from the University of Denver and a BS in Psychology from Virginia Commonwealth University. He is professionally certified as an executive coach by the International Coach Federation, and serves on the adjunct faculty at the Center for Creative Leadership. His professional experience includes extensive work with leadership teams and several years with Boeing on the Space Station Freedom program.

Jonathan and his wife Jane now reside in Greensboro, North Carolina. He is fiercely proud of his two grown children and their families, and he wishes they lived closer to him. He maintains a website to document his research on the Apollo era at Kennedy Space Center. He collects and restores artifacts from the Apollo era, including several control panels from the Firing Rooms. Jonathan also notes that he might possibly be the only current space author who has appeared on two GRAMMY-winning albums, which were recorded during his years as a Bass II section leader, soloist, and eventually president of The Washington Chorus.
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