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  • Sari: Green Criminology
  • Ilmumisaeg: 22-Jan-2019
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781317008590

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This book examines trade and trafficking in endangered animal species and how the trade increasingly puts large numbers of non-human species at risk. Focusing on illegal trafficking, the book also discusses the harmful aspects of the trade and trafficking which is taking place in concordance with laws and regulations. Drawing on the findings of empirical research from Norway and Colombia, the study discusses how this global, transnational trend is addressed, and features of the trade and the ways in which it is controlled in the two case study locations. It also explores the motives driving the trade, and the consequences in terms of animal abuse and environmental harm. The book discusses whether internationally agreed measures, such as international conventions, actually help prevent the trade. Possible ways to address the harms of wildlife trade are considered, including a total ban. The work draws on a green criminology and eco feminist theoretical framework to provide a more philosophical perspective on concepts such as harm, animal rights, species justice and speciesism.

Arvustused

`This book is destined to be a work of reference for anyone wishing to approach the study of trade and trafficking of wild animal species. Ragnhild Aslaug Sollund, a major figure in green criminology, has written a book that brings to fruition more than a decade of research on environmental crime, culminating in groundbreaking considerations in the field of justice, legality and morality...The revision of the regulation can only be born of academic works of this quality and honesty. Further, it is works like this that lead usas individuals of the human speciesto reconsider our place in the animal order and accept that the change is necessary if we do not want to end up extinguishing ourselves as a consequence of the harm that our actions cause to the planet in the era of Anthropocene.' Fajardo del Castillo T (2019) Review of The Crimes of Wildlife Trafficking: Issues of Justice, Legality and Morality by Ragnhild Aslaug Sollund. International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 8(3): 105-107. DOI: 10.5204/ijcjsd.v8i3.1249

`I read The Crimes of Wildlife Trafficking with great enthusiasm and learned much from it. It is a worthy addition to our knowledge of the WLT and to nonspeciesist and green criminology in general.' Piers Bierne, University of Southern Maine, USA. Critical Criminology https://doi.org/10.1007/s10612-019-09487-z

`The brilliance of The Crimes of Wildlife Trafficking lies in the provocative and stimulating manner in which it raises a host of really difficult moral, theoretical and practical questions.... The books strong moral thread, emphasising care and empathy for the animal other, means that it cannot possibly be read as a neutral, technical exercise of academic evaluation. Whether or not one agrees with its basic propositions, the reader cannot but pause to reflect on the fundamental questions of life, love and respect that it raises. For how we treat animals whether in a legal framework or not is essentially a statement about the human condition. The book is ostensibly about the wildlife trade. But it is much more than this, and we are better served because of it.'

Rob White, Distinguished Professor of Criminology, University of Tasmania, Australia. https://clcjbooks.rutgers.edu/books/the-crimes-of-wildlife-trafficking-issues -of-justice-legality-and-morality/

`The book is a sobering testament to the inhumane ramifications of anthropocentrism and speciesism, and a reminder that the time is long overdue to reconsider the human condition and accordingly elevate law and everyday ethics.'

Rimona Afana, State Crime Journal , Vol. 10, No. 2 (2021), pp. 335-338 https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/10.13169/statecrime.10.2.0335.pdf `This book is destined to be a work of reference for anyone wishing to approach the study of trade and trafficking of wild animal species. Ragnhild Aslaug Sollund, a major figure in green criminology, has written a book that brings to fruition more than a decade of research on environmental crime, culminating in groundbreaking considerations in the field of justice, legality and morality...The revision of the regulation can only be born of academic works of this quality and honesty. Further, it is works like this that lead usas individuals of the human speciesto reconsider our place in the animal order and accept that the change is necessary if we do not want to end up extinguishing ourselves as a consequence of the harm that our actions cause to the planet in the era of Anthropocene.' Fajardo del Castillo T (2019) Review of The Crimes of Wildlife Trafficking: Issues of Justice, Legality and Morality by Ragnhild Aslaug Sollund. International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 8(3): 105-107. DOI: 10.5204/ijcjsd.v8i3.1249

`I read The Crimes of Wildlife Trafficking with great enthusiasm and learned much from it. It is a worthy addition to our knowledge of the WLT and to nonspeciesist and green criminology in general'. Piers Bierne, University of Southern Maine, USA. Critical Criminology https://doi.org/10.1007/s10612-019-09487-z

`The brilliance of The Crimes of Wildlife Trafficking lies in the provocative and stimulating manner in which it raises a host of really difficult moral, theoretical and practical questions.... The books strong moral thread, emphasising care and empathy for the animal other, means that it cannot possibly be read as a neutral, technical exercise of academic evaluation. Whether or not one agrees with its basic propositions, the reader cannot but pause to reflect on the fundamental questions of life, love and respect that it raises. For how we treat animals whether in a legal framework or not is essentially a statement about the human condition. The book is ostensibly about the wildlife trade. But it is much more than this, and we are better served because of it.'

Rob White, Distinguished Professor of Criminology, University of Tasmania, Australia. https://clcjbooks.rutgers.edu/books/the-crimes-of-wildlife-trafficking-issues -of-justice-legality-and-morality/

`The book is a sobering testament to the inhumane ramifications of anthropocentrism and speciesism, and a reminder that the time is long overdue to reconsider the human condition and accordingly elevate law and everyday ethics.'

Rimona Afana, State Crime Journal , Vol. 10, No. 2 (2021), pp. 335-338 https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/10.13169/statecrime.10.2.0335.pdf

List of tables xi
Preface and Acknowledgements xii
1 Introduction to the legal and illegal abduction, theriocide and trafficking of endangered animals 1(22)
The deep roots of animal trafficking
7(1)
Wildlife trafficking: a brief overview of its features
8(5)
The offenders: buyers, abductors, killers and middlemen
13(3)
The legal framework, the CITES and EU regulation
16(7)
2 Methodology and ecophilosophical orientation 23(17)
The locations and framework of this research
23(1)
Norwegian data
24(1)
Colombian data
25(4)
Situating myself in relation to the research: autoethnography and ecofeminist care ethics
26(3)
An ecofeminist perspective and neutral research
29(2)
Critique of conventional criminology approaches
31(4)
To see and empathize with the other
35(5)
3 Animals and animal products trafficked to Norway 40(18)
The legal framework in Norway
40(1)
Seizure data and confiscation reports from Customs
41(3)
Customs seizure reports from Norway: species, products and modus operandi
44(2)
The gendered nature of trafficking
46(3)
Parrot trafficking conviction 1
49(4)
Parrot trafficking conviction 2: should lessons be learnt from an earlier sentence?
53(1)
Supreme Court verdict, trafficking in animal products
54(4)
4 Court cases exemplifying the variations of wildlife trade and animal abuse 58(18)
Ivory smuggling and eBay shopping
58(1)
Motivation: the thrill of collecting
59(2)
Internet auction addiction?
61(1)
The verdict in the ivory/collector case and the application of law
62(3)
Case: taxidermy and the pet trade: trafficking in dead and live endangered birds and predators
65(2)
Trophy hunting and wildlife collections: crimes of 'masculinity'?
67(3)
Case: trafficking raccoons, nose bears and raccoon dogs to Norway, abusing farm animals and committing hunting crimes
70(1)
The charges in the raccoon case
71(1)
The verdict in the raccoon case
72(4)
5 Trafficking within Norway and from Norway to other countries 76(15)
Case: reptile trafficking from Norway, as described in the investigation material and interviews
76(2)
The final charges in the reptile trafficking case
78(1)
The verdict in the reptile trafficking case
79(3)
When are acts of animal abuse seriously abusive, and who count as victims?
82(3)
Bird crime and trade
85(2)
Supreme Court decisions concerning bird (and other animal) crimes
87(4)
6 The enforcement of CITES in Norway from the perspective of CITES control agencies 91(22)
Enforcement, priorities and knowledge about CITES crimes
91(7)
On cooperation and compartmentalized responsibility among control agencies
98(6)
When economic value increases priority
104(2)
Freight companies: a serious challenge
106(3)
Legal versus illegal trade, parallel legal and illegal markets and ways of offending-Norway
109(4)
7 The keeping of exotic reptiles in Norway 113(19)
Reptile keepers' motives for keeping their reptiles
116(1)
The human-reptile relationship
116(5)
Being criminalized and labelled
121(5)
Problems with keeping reptiles
126(2)
Feeding reptiles live mice
128(4)
8 Summary of the Norwegian case study 132(5)
Offenders
132(2)
Animal victims in Norway
134(1)
Punishment in Norway
135(2)
9 Wildlife trafficking in Colombia 137(19)
Colombian trafficking in a historical and cultural perspective
137(6)
The trade in free-born animals for the pet trade
143(3)
The Centre for the Reception and Rehabilitation of Wild Fauna and Flora, Bogota, and the animals they receive
146(5)
Influx and rehabilitation of freeborn animals at URRAS and in the Northeast Amazon
151(5)
10 The animal victims in Colombia and how they are abused 156(33)
Overview of main categories and motives for abuse and theriocide of freeborn animals in Colombia
157(3)
Modus operandi in Colombia
160(9)
Trafficking from and through Colombia
169(4)
Problems concerning parallel markets and laundering revisited
173(3)
Is WLT in Colombia organized crime?
176(3)
The Patarroyo case
179(5)
What impact has the war had on wildlife trade?
184(5)
11 Responses to wildlife trafficking by the Colombian authorities 189(14)
The development of the framework and organization for law enforcement of wildlife trafficking in Colombia
190(1)
Laws governing environmental issues and trade in plants and animals in Colombia, and law enforcement in practice
191(5)
Colombia's fulfilment of its obligations to CITES
196(3)
Awareness campaigns and control measures combined
199(4)
12 How to respond to the harms of wildlife trafficking 203(13)
The role of NGOs
209(2)
Critique of CITES and its anthropocentric logic
211(5)
13 Animal victimization in Norway and Colombia 216(14)
Victimization versus animal 'resources' and rehabilitation
220(1)
Animals as beings with intrinsic value versus animals as resources
221(4)
Free-born animals as sovereigns, rather than property or common good
225(5)
14 Mirror, mirror on the wall, who's the wildest of them all? 230(6)
References 236(24)
Appendix 1: seizure reports from Norwegian Customs 260(17)
Appendix 2: Colombian legislation concerning wildlife trafficking 277(4)
Index 281
Ragnhild Aslaug Sollund is Professor of Criminology at the Department of Criminology and Sociology of Law, University of Oslo. Her research is in the field of green criminology, specifically wildlife crimes, and she has published widely on this and related areas.