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E-raamat: Emerging Technologies for Emerging Markets

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Emerging Technologies for Emerging MarketsSuurem pilt
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This book introduces inclusive-cost-effective (ICE) approaches that have the potential to transform all aspects of daily lives of people at the base of the pyramid in the economic scale, who represent more than 75% of the world population. ICE means that the approaches must meet the affordability level at the base of the pyramid. This includes mobile banking and financial service technologies, mobile education, rural information and communication technologies, telemedicine, e-Health, and health social networks. This monograph is a compulsory reading for not only technology innovators, but also economists, social entrepreneurs, development specialists, health specialists, bankers and researchers and policy thinkers on technology and economic development.

Arvustused

This book is a collection of nearly independent papers and emphasizes work in Southeast Asia. Reading the book will suggest fruitful research topics to scientists and engineers. It will give policymakers and students an overview of pertinent technologies. The writing is clear and engaging. I recommended the book. (B. Hazeltine, Computing Reviews, April, 2015)

1 Introduction
1(10)
1.1 Technologies that will Reshape Our Future
1(1)
1.2 The Emerging Markets that will Define the World
2(1)
1.3 R&D, Innovation and Technologies in Emerging Markets
3(1)
1.4 Health Technologies for All
4(1)
1.5 Financial Services Technologies for the Under-Banked
5(2)
1.6 Education Technologies for the Masses
7(4)
References
8(3)
Part I Financial Service
2 Mobility Technology Solutions Can Reduce Interest Rates of Microfinance Loans
11(14)
2.1 Introduction
11(1)
2.2 Why Is MFI Interest Rates So High?
12(2)
2.3 Reducing Operational Cost
14(1)
2.4 Monitoring Transaction Cost and Administrative Expenses Using Activity Based Costing (ABC)
15(5)
2.5 Pilot Project in Indonesia
20(1)
2.5.1 Borrower/s Acquisition Process
20(1)
2.5.2 Training of Borrower/s
20(1)
2.5.3 Cash Transfer to Borrower
21(1)
2.5.4 Weekly Visits to Borrower/s
21(1)
2.6 Conclusion
21(4)
References
22(3)
3 Bank Ratings in Emerging Asia---Methodology, Information and Technology
25(10)
3.1 Introduction
26(1)
3.2 CAMEL---The Vintage Model
26(3)
3.2.1 Capital
26(1)
3.2.2 Asset Quality
27(1)
3.2.3 Management
27(1)
3.2.4 Earning
27(1)
3.2.5 Liquidity
28(1)
3.2.6 CAMEL Scoring
28(1)
3.3 EAGLES---The Emerging Model
29(2)
3.4 Lessons---Two Crises, Three Continents (1997--2007)
31(2)
3.4.1 Lesson 1: Strong Macroeconomic Fundamentals Are Critical to Maintain the Confidence of the Investors
31(1)
3.4.2 Lesson 2: There Must Be Strong Domestic Safeguards to Help Neighboring Countries to Prevent the Contagion Effect
32(1)
3.4.3 Lessons 3: Governments, Financial Institutions, and Corporations Must Communicate Well with Investors, Creditors, and to the Market
32(1)
3.5 Technology to Provide Pertinent Information
33(2)
References
34(1)
4 Microfinance and Gender Equality in Indonesia
35(20)
4.1 Introduction
35(2)
4.2 Microcredit and Micro-entrepreneurs in Indonesia
37(2)
4.3 Women Micro-entrepreneurs
39(1)
4.4 Constraints Suffered by Indonesian Women Entrepreneurs
40(1)
4.5 The Result of Financial Exclusion of Women Entrepreneurs in Indonesia
41(7)
4.5.1 Research Conducted in Indonesia
41(7)
4.6 Recommendations
48(4)
4.6.1 Micro Financial Products Design
48(3)
4.6.2 Micro-insurance
51(1)
4.7 Conclusion
52(3)
References
52(3)
5 Lowering the Interest Burden for Microfinance
55(16)
5.1 Introduction
55(2)
5.2 Impact of Costs on Interest Burden
57(3)
5.3 Mobile Technologies Innovations
60(2)
5.3.1 Mobile Technologies for Microfinance
60(1)
5.3.2 New Mobile Micro-banking Systems (MMB)
61(1)
5.4 Financial Market Innovations
62(1)
5.4.1 Financial Market Innovations for Microfinance
62(1)
5.4.2 Micro-insurance for Microfinance
62(1)
5.5 Design and Implementation of the Mobile Banking System
63(5)
5.6 Conclusion
68(3)
References
68(3)
6 Mobile Core Banking Server
71(18)
6.1 Introduction
71(3)
6.2 Background and Motivation
74(1)
6.2.1 Rural Finance
74(1)
6.2.2 Mobile Banking
74(1)
6.2.3 Unbanked Population
75(1)
6.3 MicroBanq System Architecture
75(3)
6.4 Usage Scenarios of MicroBanq System
78(4)
6.4.1 Scenario S1: Creating Saving Account Through MCSOs
78(2)
6.4.2 Scenario S2: Creating Saving Account Through Customer Service Officers at MB
80(1)
6.4.3 Scenario S3: Saving Account Cash Deposit Through MCSO
80(1)
6.4.4 Scenario S4: Saving Account Withdrawal Through MCSO
80(1)
6.4.5 Scenario L1: Provide Loan Information
81(1)
6.4.6 Scenario L2: Loan Application Through MCSO
81(1)
6.4.7 Scenario L4: Instalment Payment By Cash Through MCSO
81(1)
6.4.8 Scenario T1: Merchant Sell
82(1)
6.5 Interaction Design of Mobile Core-Banking Server
82(1)
6.6 Evaluation of the Mobile Banking Server
82(2)
6.7 Limitations
84(5)
References
85(4)
Part II Health
7 Automated Health Care Services
89(14)
7.1 Introduction
89(1)
7.2 Inclusive Medical Care (IMC)
90(3)
7.3 Online Medical Knowledgebase
93(2)
7.4 Medical Information Websites
95(2)
7.5 Health Social Network
97(1)
7.6 Mobile Health
98(2)
7.7 Other Automated Health Care Services
100(1)
7.8 Conclusion
101(2)
References
101(2)
8 Assessing General Weil-Being Using Facial Expressions
103(16)
8.1 Introduction
103(2)
8.2 Background
105(4)
8.2.1 Telemedicine
106(1)
8.2.2 Automated Health Assessment Systems
107(1)
8.2.3 Facial Palsy
108(1)
8.2.4 Support Vector Machine
108(1)
8.2.5 Emergent Self-organizing Map
109(1)
8.3 Methodology
109(2)
8.3.1 Extracting De-identified Features
111(1)
8.4 Evaluation of The De-identified Features
111(3)
8.5 Conclusion
114(5)
References
115(4)
9 Automated Diagnoses of Respiratory Health Problems Using Breathing Sounds
119(14)
9.1 Introduction
119(2)
9.2 Feature Extractions
121(3)
9.2.1 Data Acquisition
121(1)
9.2.2 Pre-processing
122(1)
9.2.3 Audio Feature Extraction
122(2)
9.2.4 Feature Templates Formation
124(1)
9.3 Classification Techniques
124(1)
9.3.1 SVM
124(1)
9.3.2 ANN
125(1)
9.4 Experiments and Results
125(3)
9.4.1 Database
125(1)
9.4.2 Classification Performance Evaluation
126(1)
9.4.3 Effects of Different Classifier
126(1)
9.4.4 Experiment on Breath Disorder Detection
127(1)
9.5 Discussion
128(1)
9.6 Conclusion and Future Directions
129(4)
References
129(4)
10 Securing Online Medical Data
133(14)
10.1 Introduction
133(1)
10.2 Overview of Technologies and Algorithms Used for Watermarking
134(4)
10.2.1 Particle Swam Optimization (PSO)
134(1)
10.2.2 Lifting Wavelet Transform (LWT)
135(1)
10.2.3 Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) Principle
135(1)
10.2.4 Cat Map Encryption
135(1)
10.2.5 Watermark Embedding
136(1)
10.2.6 Watermark Extraction
137(1)
10.2.7 Performance Optimization Using PSO
137(1)
10.3 Performance Analysis
138(1)
10.3.1 Watermark Capacity
138(1)
10.3.2 Error Analysis
138(1)
10.3.3 Key Space Analysis
138(1)
10.3.4 Security Analysis of the Estimation Attack
139(1)
10.4 Experimental Results
139(3)
10.4.1 Imperceptibility
139(1)
10.4.2 Results of PSO Technique
140(1)
10.4.3 Robustness
141(1)
10.5 Conclusions
142(5)
References
143(4)
Part III Education
11 Technology in Education
147(8)
11.1 Introduction
147(1)
11.2 Mobile Learning for Enhancing Social Experiences
148(1)
11.3 Mobile Learning for Formative Assessment
148(1)
11.4 Mobilized Curriculums
149(2)
11.5 Types of Research Methodologies and Methods Utilised in m-Learning Research Papers
151(1)
11.6 Conclusion: Gaps in Literature
152(3)
References
153(2)
12 Important Factors in Choosing Tertiary Education Institutes
155(16)
12.1 Introduction
156(1)
12.2 Background
157(1)
12.2.1 Types of Information Sources Affecting International Students
157(1)
12.2.2 Institutional Factors in Choosing Study Abroad Destinations
157(1)
12.2.3 Country Factors in Choosing Study Abroad Destinations
158(1)
12.3 Methodology
158(2)
12.4 Survey Analyses
160(7)
12.4.1 Demographic Information of Respondents
160(1)
12.4.2 References of Study Abroad Destination
161(1)
12.4.3 Importance of Sources of Information for Prospective Students
161(2)
12.4.4 Importance of Country Factors
163(2)
12.4.5 Importance of Institutional Factors
165(1)
12.4.6 Overall Satisfaction for Studying in Singapore
166(1)
12.5 Hypothesis Testing
167(1)
12.6 Discussion
168(1)
12.7 Conclusion
169(2)
References
169(2)
13 Automated Tutoring System
171(8)
13.1 Introduction
171(1)
13.2 Background
172(2)
13.2.1 Mobile Learning for Enhancing Social Experiences
173(1)
13.2.2 Technologies for Automating Assessment
173(1)
13.3 Mobile Collaborative Experiential Learning (MCEL) System
174(2)
13.3.1 Methodology
174(2)
13.4 Experimental Results
176(1)
13.5 Conclusion
177(2)
References
177(2)
14 Application of ICT to Improve Rural Livelihood in Vietnam
179(26)
14.1 Introduction
179(3)
14.2 Background
182(4)
14.3 Rural Telecentre Models
186(7)
14.3.1 National Programs for Rural Telecentres in Asia
186(5)
14.3.2 Telecentre Model Development and Global Lessons Learned
191(2)
14.3.3 New Rural-Telecentre Model Based on the Social Model
193(1)
14.4 Two Year Pilot Study of the Social Rural-Telecentre Model
193(5)
14.4.1 Project Objective
194(1)
14.4.2 Facilities of Rural Telecentres (RTs)
195(2)
14.4.3 Assessment Method
197(1)
14.5 Assessment Results of the New Telecentre Model
198(3)
14.6 Conclusion
201(4)
References
203(2)
Conclusion 205
Dr John Vong has managed development projects for the World Bank IFC, UNDP, Asian Development Bank and Governments, and consulted for global banks and technology MNCs, in Southeast Asia. He implemented the first Bank MIS in Asia, started two banks, formulated banking strategies for five banks, designed a National ICT Project, and prepared government HR MIS. He is piloting technology innovations to deliver affordable services in education, finance and health care. He received a HRM Lifetime Achievement award in 2005 for his contribution to the Transitional Government of Timor Leste.

Dr Insu Song has significant experience in research and development of embedded systems for health informatics, consumer electronics, information systems and communications systems. In 2011, he received the prestigious and competitive grant from Gates Foundation for a mobile telephony innovation to help parents in resource poor environment to monitor respiratory health problems of their children. He is currently developing a mobile hand-held device to improve learning in emerging countries. Dr. Insu received his PhD from University of Queensland Australia.
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