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E-raamat: Evidence-based Clinical Chinese Medicine - Volume 25: Rhinosinusitis

(Rmit Univ, Australia), Editor-in-chief (Guangdong Provincial Hospital Of Chinese Medicine, China), (Guangdong Provincial Hospital Of Chinese Medicine, China), Editor-in-chief (Rmit Univ, Australia)
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This 25th volume of the Evidence-based Clinical Chinese Medicine series provides a multi-faceted ""whole evidence"" analysis of the management of rhinosinusitis (sinusitis) using integrative Chinese medicine. Beginning with an overview of how rhinosinusitis is conceptualised and managed in conventional medicine (Chapter 1), the authors summarize the management of rhinosinusitis in contemporary Chinese medicine (Chapter 2) based on clinical guidelines and contemporary books. The third chapter provides detailed analyses of how rhinosinusitis was treated with herbal medicine and acupuncture in past eras based on the classical Chinese literature. The subsequent chapters comprehensively review the current state of the clinical evidence for the integrative application of Chinese herbal medicines (Chapter 5), acupuncture therapies (Chapter 7), other Chinese medicine therapies (Chapter 8) and combination Chinese medicine therapies (Chapter 9), as well as analyse and evaluate the results of these studies from an evidence-based medicine perspective. In Chapter 6, the authors review and summarize experimental evidence for the bioactivity of commonly used Chinese herbs and their constituent compounds. The outcomes of these analyses are summarized and discussed in Chapter 10. Implications for clinical practice and future research are identified. This book provides valuable information for clinicians and students in integrative medicine and Chinese medicine regarding contemporary practice and the current evidence base for Chinese medicine therapies for managing rhinosinusitis, in order to assist clinicians in making evidence-based decisions in patient care. It also provides researchers with a comprehensive survey of the state of the field that can inform future directions for clinical and experimental studies.

Disclaimer v
Foreword vii
Purpose of the Monograph xi
Authors and Contributors xv
Members of Advisory Committee and Panel xvii
Distinguished Professor Charlie Changli Xue, PhD xix
Professor Chuanjian Lu, MD xxi
Acknowledgements xxiii
List of Figures
xli
List of Tables
xliii
1 Introduction to Rhinosinusitis
1(30)
Definition of Rhinosinusitis
1(1)
Clinical Presentation and Subtypes
2(1)
Epidemiology
3(1)
Burden of Disease
4(1)
Co-morbidities
5(1)
Risk Factors
6(1)
Pathological Processes and Mechanisms
6(3)
Diagnosis
9(1)
Acute Rhinosinusitis
10(1)
Acute Viral Rhinosinusit
11(1)
Post-viral Acute Rhinosinusitis
11(1)
Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis
11(1)
Acute Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis
12(1)
Chronic Rhinosinusitis
12(1)
Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis
13(1)
Difficult-to-treat Rhinosinusitis
13(1)
Differential Diagnosis
14(1)
Complications
15(1)
Management
15(1)
Acute Viral Rhinosinusitis/Post-viral Rhinosinusitis
16(1)
Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis
16(1)
Chronic Rhinosinusitis without Nasal Polyps
17(1)
Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps
18(2)
Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Children
20(1)
Surgical Management
20(2)
Complementary and Alternative Therapies
22(1)
Prognosis
22(2)
References
24(7)
2 Rhinosinusitis in Chinese Medicine
31(22)
Introduction
31(1)
Aetiology and Pathogenesis
32(1)
Syndrome Differentiation
33(1)
Acute and Chronic Stages
33(1)
Paediatric Rhinosinusitis
34(1)
Integrative Application of Chinese Medicine
34(2)
Treatment with Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine
36(1)
Wind-heat in the Lung Meridian (Fei Jing Feng Re)
37(1)
Stagnant Heat in the Gallbladder (Dan Fu Yu Re)
37(1)
Spleen-stomach Dampness-heat (Pi Wei Shi Re)
38(1)
Lung Qi Deficient and Cold (Fei Qi Xu Han)
39(1)
Spleen Qi Deficient and Weak (Pi Qi Xu Ruo)
40(1)
Additional Sources for Treatment Based on Syndrome Differentiation
41(1)
Manufactured Chinese Medicines
41(1)
Bi Dou Yan Kou Fu Ye (Oral Liquid)
41(1)
Bi Yuan Shu Kou Fu Ye (Oral Liquid)
41(2)
Xiangju Pian (Tablet)
43(1)
Cang Er Zi Bi Yan Jiao Nang (Capsule)
43(1)
Qian Bo Bi Yan Pian (Tablet)
44(1)
Huo Dan Wan (Pill)
44(1)
Bi Yuan Jong Qiao Ke Li (Granule)
44(1)
External Chinese Herbal Medicine Treatment
44(1)
Nasal Drops (Di Bi)
45(1)
Steam Inhalation (Zheng Qi Xi Ru)
45(1)
Nebulisation (Qi Wu Xun Zheng)
45(1)
Nasal Irrigation (Xi Bi)
46(1)
Hot Medicinal Compress (Re Fu)
46(1)
Insufflation (Chui Bi Fa)
46(1)
Nasal Insertion (Sai Bi Fa)
46(1)
Acupuncture Therapies
47(1)
Acupuncture (Zhen Ci)
47(1)
Moxibustion (Jiu Fa)
48(1)
Ear Acupuncture and Acupressure (Er Zhen, Er Ya)
48(1)
Other Chinese Medicine Therapies
49(1)
Chinese Remedial Massage (An Mo)
49(1)
Lifestyle Management
49(1)
References
50(3)
3 Classical Chinese Medicine Literature
53(28)
Introduction
53(1)
Search Terms
54(1)
Procedures for Search, Data Coding and Data Analysis
54(2)
Search Results
56(2)
Citations Related to the Definitions, Aetiology and Syndromes
58(2)
Chinese Herbal Medicine
60(1)
Herbs for Internal Use in Materia Medica
61(1)
Internal Herbal Formulae
62(3)
Example Citations of Formulae for Internal Use
65(1)
Herbal Ingredients in Internal Herbal Formulae
66(2)
Citations of Cases Relevant to Rhinosinusitis
68(2)
Topical Herbal Applications
70(1)
Nasal Applications
70(1)
Point Application
71(1)
Smoke Inhalation
72(1)
Acupuncture and Related Therapies
72(2)
Example Citations of Treatments with Acupuncture and Moxibustion
74(1)
The Classical Literature from a Contemporary Perspective
75(3)
References
78(3)
4 Methods for Evaluating Clinical Evidence
81(16)
Introduction
81(1)
Search Strategy
82(1)
Inclusion Criteria
83(1)
Study Type
83(1)
Participants
84(1)
Interventions
84(1)
Comparators in Controlled Trials
84(1)
Settings
85(1)
Outcomes
85(3)
Exclusion Criteria
88(1)
Study Type
88(1)
Participants
88(1)
Interventions
89(1)
Comparators in Controlled trials
89(1)
Outcomes
89(1)
Risk of Bias
89(2)
Statistical Analyses
91(1)
Assessment Using GRADE
92(2)
References
94(3)
5 Clinical Evidence for Chinese Herbal Medicine
97(5)
Introduction
97(1)
Previous Systematic Reviews
98(1)
Identification of Clinical Studies
99(1)
Outline of the Data Analyses
99(3)
Section 1 Acute Rhinosinusitis
102(7)
Randomised Controlled Trials of Acute Rhinosinusitis
102(1)
Syndromes in Section One
102(1)
Formula and Herb Frequencies in Section One
102(1)
Risk of Bias for Studies in Section One
103(1)
Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine for Acute Rhinosinusitis --- Section One
104(1)
Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine versus Pharmacotherapy
104(1)
Sino-nasal Outcome Test
105(1)
Visual Analogue Scale for Total Nasal Symptoms
105(1)
Chinese Symptom Scale
106(1)
Oral plus Nasal Chinese Herbal Medicine versus Pharmacotherapy
107(1)
Visual Analogue Scale for Total Nasal Symptoms
107(1)
Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Pharmacotherapy versus Pharmacotherapy
107(1)
Visual Analogue Scale for Total Nasal Symptoms
108(1)
Lund-Mackay Computed Tomography Score
108(1)
Lund-Kennedy Endoscop --- Score
108(1)
Safety of Chinese Herbal Medicines for Acute Rhinosinusitis --- Section One
108(1)
Section 2 Chronic Rhinosinusitis: No Surgery or Other Invasive Intervention
109(42)
Randomised Controlled Trials of Chronic Rhinosinusitis --- Section Two
109(1)
Syndromes in Section Two
109(1)
Formula and Herb Frequencies in Section Two
110(1)
Risk of Bias for Studies in Section Two
111(3)
Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine for Chronic Rhinosinusitis --- Section Two
114(1)
Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine versus Placebo
114(1)
Sino-nasal Outcome Test
114(1)
Visual Analogue Scale for Total Nasal Symptoms
115(1)
Chinese Symptom Scale
115(1)
Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine versus Pharmacotherapy
115(1)
Sino-nasal Outcome Test
115(1)
Visual Analogue Scale for Total Nasal Symptoms
116(1)
Chinese Symptom Scale
117(2)
Lund-Mackay Computed Tomography Score
119(2)
Lund-Kennedy Endoscopic Score
121(1)
Mucociliary Transport Time
121(1)
Mucociliary Transport Rate
121(1)
Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Pharmacotherapy versus Pharmacotherapy
122(1)
Sino-nasal Outcome Test
122(2)
Visual Analogue Scale for Total Nasal Symptoms
124(4)
Visual Analogue Scale for Individual Symptoms
128(1)
Chinese Symptom Scale
129(1)
Lund-Mackay Computed Tomography Score
130(2)
Lund-Kennedy Endoscopic Score
132(3)
Mucociliary Transport Time
135(1)
Quality of Life
136(1)
Nasal Chinese Herbal Medicine for Chronic Rhinosinusitis --- Section Two
137(1)
Nasal Chinese Herbal Medicine versus Placebo
137(1)
Visual Analogue Scale for Nasal Congestion
137(1)
Mucociliary Transport Time
137(1)
Nasal Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Pharmacotherapy versus Pharmacotherapy
138(1)
Sino-nasal Outcome Test
138(1)
Visual Analogue Scale for Total Nasal Symptoms
138(1)
Visual Analogue Scale for Individual Symptoms
139(1)
Lund-Kennedy Endoscopic Score
140(1)
Oral plus Nasal Chinese Herbal Medicine --- Section Two
140(1)
Oral plus Nasal Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Pharmacotherapy versus Pharmacotherapy
141(1)
Sino-nasal Outcome Test
141(1)
Visual Analogue Scale for Total Nasal Symptoms
141(1)
Lund-Kennedy Endoscopic Score
142(1)
Frequent Chinese Herbal Medicines in Meta-analyses Showing Favourable Effects for Chronic Rhinosinusitis --- Section Two
142(1)
Controlled Clinical Trials
143(1)
Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Pharmacotherapy versus Pharmacotherapy
144(1)
Chinese Symptom Scale
145(1)
Safety of Chinese Herbal Medicines for Chronic Rhinosinusitis --- Section Two
145(1)
GRADE for Chinese Herbal Medicine for Chronic Rhinosinusitis without Surgery
146(1)
GRADE for Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine versus Placebo
146(1)
GRADE for Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine versus Pharmacotherapy: Double-dummy Studies
147(2)
GRADE for Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine versus Pharmacotherapy: Open-label Studies
149(1)
GRADE for Nasal Chinese Herbal Medicine versus Placebo
149(2)
Section 3 Chronic Rhinosinusitis Treated with Surgery or Other Invasive Intervention
151(194)
Randomised Controlled Trials of Chronic Rhinosinusitis --- Section Three
151(2)
Syndromes in Section Three
153(1)
Formula and Herb Frequencies in Section Three
153(1)
Risk of Bias for Studies in Section Three
154(2)
Chinese Herbal Medicine with Displacement for Chronic Rhinosinusitis
156(1)
Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Chinese Herbal Medicine Displacement versus Conventional Displacement
156(1)
Visual Analogue Scale for Total Nasal Symptoms
157(1)
Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Conventional Displacement versus Antibiotic plus Conventional Displacement
157(1)
Mucociliary Transport Rate
158(1)
Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine with Surgery for Chronic Rhinosinusitis
158(1)
Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine Pre- and Post-surgery
158(1)
Visual Analogue Scale for Individual Symptoms
159(1)
Lund-Kennedy Endoscopic Score
160(1)
Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine Post-surgery
160(1)
Sino-nasal Outcome Test
160(2)
Visual Analogue Scale for Total Nasal Symptoms
162(3)
Visual Analogue Scale for Individual Symptoms
165(1)
Visual Analogue Scale for Pain
166(1)
Mucociliary Transport Time
167(1)
Mucociliary Transport Rate
168(3)
Lund-Mackay Computed Tomography Score
171(1)
Lund-Kennedy Endoscopic Score
171(2)
Quality of Life
173(1)
Low Temperature Plasma Radiofrequency Ablation plus Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine
173(1)
Sino-nasal Outcome Test
173(1)
Lund-Kennedy Endoscopic Score
174(1)
Nasal Chinese Herbal Medicine Following Surgery for Chronic Rhinosinusitis
174(1)
Sino-nasal Outcome Test
175(3)
Visual Analogue Scale for Total Nasal Symptoms
178(5)
Visual Analogue Scale for Total Nasal Symptoms --- Rate
183(2)
Visual Analogue Scale for Individual Symptoms
185(5)
Mucociliary Transport Time
190(1)
Mucociliary Transport Rate
191(12)
Lund-Mackay Computed Tomography Score
203(2)
Lund-Kennedy Endoscopic Score
205(5)
Lund-Kennedy Endoscopic Score --- Rate
210(1)
Oral plus Nasal Chinese Herbal Medicine Post-surgery for Chronic Rhinosinusitis
211(1)
Mucociliary Transport Rate
212(1)
Frequent Oral Chinese Herbal Medicines in Meta-analyses Showing Favourable Effects for Post-surgical Recovery
213(1)
Frequent Nasal Chinese Herbal Medicines in Meta-analyses Showing Favourable Effects for Post-surgical Recovery
213(3)
Controlled Clinical Trials of Post-surgical Recovery
216(1)
Syndromes in Controlled Clinical Trials
216(1)
Formula and Herb Frequencies in Controlled Clinical Trials
216(2)
Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine Pre- and/or Post-surgery
218(1)
Sino-nasal Outcome Test
218(1)
Sino-nasal Outcome Test --- Subgroups
218(2)
Visual Analogue Scale for Total Nasal Symptoms
220(1)
Visual Analogue Scale for Individual Symptoms
220(1)
Mucociliary Transport Rate
221(1)
Mucociliary Transport Time
222(1)
Lund-Mackay Computed Tomography Score
223(1)
Lund-Kennedy Endoscopic Score
224(1)
Nasal Chinese Herbal Medicine Post-surgery
224(1)
Sino-nasal Outcome Test
224(1)
Visual Analogue Scale for Total Nasal Symptoms
224(1)
Visual Analogue Scale for Individual Symptoms
225(2)
Mucociliary Transport Rate
227(1)
Lund-Kennedy Endoscopic Score
228(3)
Non-controlled Studies: Post Surgery
231(1)
Safety of Chinese Herbal Medicine for Post-surgical Recovery
232(1)
GRADE for Chinese Herbal Medicine for Post-surgical Recovery
233(1)
GRADE for Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine Pre- and Post-surgery
234(1)
GRADE for Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine Post-surgery
234(3)
GRADE for Nasal Chinese Herbal Irrigation Post-surgery
237(2)
GRADE for Nasal Chinese Herbal Nebuliser Post-surgery
239(1)
GRADE for Oral plus Nasal Chinese Herbal Medicine Post-surgery
240(1)
Evidence for Chinese Herbal Formulae Commonly Used in Clinical Practice
241(1)
Cang Er Zi San and Related Formulae
241(1)
Bi Dou Yan Kou Fu Ye
242(4)
Long Dan Xie Can Jang
246(2)
Long Dan Tong Qiao Wan
248(1)
Bi Yuan Shu Kou Fu Ye/Jiao Nang
249(1)
Cang Er Zi Bi Yan Jiao Nang/Di Wan
250(1)
Xiang Ju Pian/Jiao Nang
250(1)
Bi Yuan Jong Qiao Ke Li
251(4)
Huo Dan Wan
255(1)
Huang Qin Hua Shi Tang
255(1)
Shen Ling Bai Zhu San and Related Formulae
256(2)
Wen Fei Zhi Liu Dan
258(1)
Shuang Huang Lian Zhu She Ye
258(1)
Yu Xing Cao Ye
259(2)
GRADE for Specific Chinese Herbal Formulae
261(1)
GRADE for Long Dan Xie Can Tang
262(1)
GRADE for Long Dan Tong Qiao Wan
263(1)
GRADE for Bi Dou Yan Kou Fu Ye
264(2)
GRADE for Bi Yuan Shu Kou Fu Ye/Jiao Nang
266(2)
GRADE for Bi Yuan Jong Qiao Ke Li
268(3)
Summary and Discussion of the Clinical Evidence for Chinese Herbal Medicine
271(1)
Summary of Acute Rhinosinusitis --- Section One
271(1)
Summary of Chronic Rhinosinusitis without Surgery --- Section Two
272(1)
Summary of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Displacement or Surgery --- Section Three
273(2)
Safety of Chinese Herbal Medicines
275(1)
Limitations of the Evidence
275(1)
References
276(1)
List of Clinical Studies Included in
Chapter 5
277(8)
6 Pharmacological Actions of the Common Herbs
285(54)
Introduction
285(1)
Methods
286(1)
Xin yi
287(1)
Anti-inflammatory Effects
287(2)
Anti-allergic Effects
289(1)
Antioxidant Effects
290(1)
Bai zhi
290(1)
Anti-inflammatory Effects
291(1)
Anti-allergic Effects
292(1)
Antimicrobial Effects
292(1)
Antioxidant Effects
293(1)
Cang er zi
293(1)
Anti-inflammatory Effects
294(1)
Anti-allergic Effects
295(1)
Antimicrobial Effects
295(1)
Antiviral Effects
296(1)
Antioxidant Effects
296(1)
Huang qin
296(1)
Anti-inflammatory and Anti-allergic Effects
297(1)
Antimicrobial Effects
298(1)
Antiviral Effects
299(1)
Antioxidant Effects
300(1)
Bo he
301(1)
Anti-inflammatory and Anti-allergic Effects
301(2)
Antimicrobial and Antiviral Effects
303(1)
Antioxidant Effects
303(1)
Fu ling
303(1)
Anti-inflammatory Effects
304(2)
Antioxidant Effects
306(1)
Gan cao
306(1)
Anti-inflammatory and Anti-allergic Effects
307(2)
Antioxidant Effects
309(1)
Huang qi
309(1)
Anti-inflammatory and Anti-allergic Effects
310(1)
Immuno-stimulatory Effects
311(1)
Antiviral Effects
312(1)
Antioxidant Effects
312(1)
Chuan xiong
313(1)
Anti-inflammatory and Anti-allergic Effects
314(1)
Antimicrobial Effects
315(1)
Antioxidant Effects
315(1)
Zhi zi
316(1)
Anti-inflammatory and Anti-allergic Effects
316(3)
Antiviral Effects
319(1)
Antioxidant Effects
319(1)
Summary of Evidence
320(3)
Abbreviations
323(2)
References
325(14)
7 Clinical Evidence for Acupuncture and Related Therapies
339(6)
Introduction
339(1)
Previous Systematic Reviews
340(1)
Identification of Clinical Studies
340(2)
Outline of the Data Analyses
342(1)
Syndromes
343(1)
Point Frequencies
343(1)
Risk of Bias
344(1)
Section 1 Acute Rhinosinusitus
345(2)
Controlled Clinical Trial of Acupuncture/Electro-acupuncture
345(1)
Acupuncture-Electro-acupuncture versus Sham Controls
346(1)
Section 2 Chronic Rhinosinusitus without Surgery
347(9)
Randomised Controlled Trial of Acupuncture without Surgery
347(1)
Acupuncture versus Sham Acupuncture
348(2)
Acupuncture versus Conventional Pharmacotherapy
350(1)
Controlled Clinical Trial of Acupuncture Therapies without Surgery
351(1)
Acupuncture versus Conventional Pharmacotherapy
351(1)
Non-controlled Studies of Acupuncture Therapies without Surgery
352(1)
Traditional Acupuncture
352(1)
Traditional Acupuncture plus Electro-acupuncture
353(1)
Acupuncture plus Moxibustion
353(1)
GRADE for Acupuncture for Chronic Rhinosinusitis without Surgery
354(2)
Section 3 Chronic Rhinosinusitus Post-surgery
356(28)
Randomised Controlled Trials of Acupuncture for Post-surgical Recovery
356(1)
Acupuncture versus Conventional Analgesic Following Surgery
357(4)
Randomised Controlled Trial of Ear-acupressure for Post-surgical Recovery
361(1)
Visual Analogue Scale for Total Nasal Symptoms
362(1)
GRADE for Acupuncture for Chronic Rhinosinusitis Following Surgery
363(1)
Safety of Acupuncture Therapies for Rhinosinusitis
363(2)
Clinical Evidence for Commonly Used Acupuncture Interventions
365(1)
Summary and Discussion of Clinical Evidence for Acupuncture Therapies
365(1)
Acute Rhinosinusitus
366(1)
Chronic Rhinosinusitus without Surgery
366(1)
Recovery After Surgery for Chronic Rhinosinusitus
366(1)
Discussion
367(1)
References
367(1)
List of Clinical Studies Included in
Chapter 7
368(1)
8 Clinical Evidence for Other Chinese Medicine Therapies
369(10)
Introduction
369(1)
Previous Systematic Reviews
369(1)
Identification of Clinical Studies
370(1)
Outline of the Data Analyses
370(2)
Clinical Evidence for Chinese Remedial Massage Post-surgery
372(1)
Risk of Bias
372(1)
An Mo Remedial Massage versus Ice Packs
373(1)
VAS Pain
374(1)
An Mo Remedial Massage versus Usual Post-surgical Care
375(1)
Five-item Verbal Rating Scale
375(1)
Safety of Other Chinese Medicine Therapies
376(1)
Summary and Discussion of Clinical Evidence for Other Chinese Medicine Therapies
376(1)
References
377(1)
List of Clinical Studies Included in
Chapter 8
377(2)
9 Clinical Evidence for Combination Therapies
379(5)
Introduction
379(1)
Identification of Clinical Studies
379(2)
Outline of the Data Analyses
381(1)
Syndromes
382(1)
Formula, Herb and Acupuncture Point Frequencies
382(1)
Risk of Bias
382(2)
Section 1 Chronic Rhinosinusitis without Surgery
384(4)
Randomised Controlled Trials
384(1)
Nasal Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Chinese Herbal Iontophoresis
384(2)
Non-controlled Studies
386(1)
Acupuncture, Acupressure, Dietary Counselling, Lifestyle Modifications and Self-acupressure
386(1)
Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine Plus Acupuncture
387(1)
Section 2 Chronic Rhinosinusitis Treated with Surgery
388(51)
Randomised Controlled Trials
388(1)
Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Emotional Therapy
388(2)
Nasal Chinese Herbal Medicine plus Ear-acupressure
390(1)
An Mo Remedial Massage plus `Comforting' Nursing
390(2)
An Mo Remedial Massage plus Ear-acupressure
392(1)
Safety of Combination Therapies
393(1)
Summary and Discussion of Clinical Evidence for Combination Therapies
394(1)
Reference
395(1)
List of Clinical Studies Included in
Chapter 9
396(1)
10 Summary and Conclusions
397(42)
Introduction
397(1)
Chinese Medicine Syndrome Differentiation
398(1)
In Clinical Trials
399(3)
In Classical Literature
402(1)
Chinese Herbal Medicine
403(1)
In Classical Literature
404(1)
In Clinical Trials
404(2)
In Clinical Trials Combined with Invasive Interventions
406(1)
In Combination with Other Chinese Medicine Interventions
407(1)
Safety of Chinese Herbal Interventions
408(1)
Chinese Herbal Medicine Formulae in Key Clinical Guidelines and Textbooks, Classical Literature and Clinical Studies
409(5)
Acupuncture and Related Therapies
414(1)
In Classical Literature
414(1)
In Clinical Trials
415(2)
Acupuncture Points Used in Key Clinical Guidelines and Textbooks, Classical Literature and Clinical Studies
417(4)
Other Chinese Medicine Therapies
421(2)
Limitations of the Evidence
423(1)
Limitations of the Evidence from Classical Literature
424(1)
Limitations of the Evidence from Clinical Studies of Chinese Herbal Medicine
425(3)
Limitations of the Evidence from Clinical Studies of Acupuncture and Other Therapies
428(1)
Limitations of the Evidence from Experimental Studies
428(1)
Implications for Practice
429(3)
Implications for Research
432(3)
References
435(2)
List of Clinical Studies Referred to in
Chapter 10
437(2)
Glossary 439(12)
Index 451