Disclaimer |
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v | |
Foreword |
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vii | |
Purpose of the Monograph |
|
xi | |
Authors and Contributors |
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xv | |
Member of Advisory Committee and Panel |
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xvii | |
Distinguished Professor Charlie Changli Xue, Ph.D. |
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xix | |
Professor Chuanjian Lu, M.D. |
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xxi | |
Acknowledgements |
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xxiii | |
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xxxix | |
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xli | |
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1 Introduction to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |
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1 | (28) |
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Definition of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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Beta Cell Dysfunction, Insulin Resistance |
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6 | (2) |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (2) |
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14 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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Pharmacological Treatment |
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15 | (5) |
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Non-pharmacological Treatment |
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20 | (2) |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (6) |
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2 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese Medicine |
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29 | (26) |
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29 | (2) |
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Aetiology and Pathogenesis |
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31 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (2) |
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Syndrome Differentiation and Treatments |
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34 | (1) |
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Oral Chinese Medicine Herbal Medicine Treatment Based on Syndrome Differentiation |
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35 | (1) |
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Dryness-Heat Damaging the jin |
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35 | (1) |
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Spleen Qi Deficiency and Damp Retention |
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36 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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Deficiency of Qi and Blood |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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Deficiency of Kidney Yang |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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Damp-Heat in the Liver and Gallbladder MBMM |
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42 | (1) |
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Damp-Heat in the Lower-jiao |
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43 | (2) |
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45 | (1) |
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Acupuncture and Related Treatments |
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46 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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47 | (3) |
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Other Management Strategies |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (2) |
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52 | (1) |
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52 | (3) |
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3 Classical Chinese Medicine Literature |
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55 | (26) |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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Procedures for Search, Data Coding, Data Analysis |
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57 | (3) |
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60 | (1) |
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Citations Related to Diabetes |
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61 | (1) |
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Definitions of the Condition and Aetiology |
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62 | (2) |
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64 | (1) |
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Frequency of Treatment Citations by Dynasty |
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64 | (1) |
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Treatment with Chinese Herbal Medicine |
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65 | (1) |
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Most Frequent Formulae in Possible Diabetes Citations |
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65 | (4) |
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Most Frequent Herbs in Possible Diabetes Citations |
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69 | (2) |
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Most Frequent Formulae in Most Likely Diabetes Citations |
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71 | (2) |
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Most Frequent Herbs in Most Likely Diabetes Citations |
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73 | (1) |
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Discussion of Chinese Herbal Medicine for Diabetes |
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74 | (1) |
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Acupuncture and Related Therapies |
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75 | (1) |
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Frequency of Treatment Citations by Dynasty |
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75 | (1) |
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Treatment with Acupuncture and Related Therapies |
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76 | (1) |
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Most Frequent Acupuncture Points in Acupuncture Citations |
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76 | (1) |
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Discussion of Acupuncture for Diabetes |
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77 | (1) |
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Classical Literature in Perspective |
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78 | (1) |
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79 | (2) |
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4 Methods for Evaluating Clinical Evidence |
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81 | (18) |
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81 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (2) |
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85 | (1) |
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85 | (2) |
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87 | (1) |
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Postprandial Blood Glucose |
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87 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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Diabetes-Specific Quality of Life Scale |
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88 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance |
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89 | (1) |
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Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Sensitivity |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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Plasma Lipids (Triglycerides, Cholesterol, Low-Density Lipoprotein, High-Density Lipoprotein) |
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90 | (1) |
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91 | (1) |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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Assessment Using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation |
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93 | (2) |
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95 | (4) |
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5 Clinical Evidence for Chinese Herbal Medicine |
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99 | (116) |
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99 | (1) |
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Previous Systematic Reviews |
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100 | (2) |
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Identification of Clinical Studies |
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102 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine Treatments |
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103 | (1) |
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Randomised Controlled Trials of Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine |
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104 | (3) |
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107 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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108 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Placebo |
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108 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Lifestyle Intervention |
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109 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Pharmacotherapy |
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109 | (2) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine Plus Pharmacotherapy vs. Pharmacotherapy |
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111 | (1) |
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Postprandial Blood Glucose |
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112 | (4) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Placebo |
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116 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Lifestyle Intervention |
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116 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Pharmacotherapy |
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116 | (3) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine Plus Hypoglycaemic Agents vs. Hypoglycaemic Agents |
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119 | (4) |
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123 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Placebo |
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123 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Lifestyle Intervention |
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123 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Hypoglycaemic Agents |
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123 | (3) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine Plus Hypoglycaemic Agents vs. Hypoglycaemic Agents |
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126 | (4) |
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Quality of Life Scale for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |
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130 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Placebo |
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130 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Lifestyle Intervention |
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130 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Hypoglycaemic Agents |
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131 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine Plus Hypoglycaemic Agents vs. Hypoglycaemic Agents |
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132 | (3) |
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135 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Placebo |
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135 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Lifestyle Intervention |
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135 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Pharmacotherapy |
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135 | (3) |
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CHM Plus Hypoglycaemic Agents vs. Hypoglycaemic Agents |
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138 | (1) |
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138 | (3) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Placebo |
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141 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Lifestyle Intervention |
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141 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Pharmacotherapy |
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142 | (2) |
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CHM Plus Hypoglycaemic Agents vs. Hypoglycaemic Agents |
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144 | (4) |
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|
148 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Placebo |
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148 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Lifestyle Intervention |
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148 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Pharmacotherapy |
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148 | (2) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine Plus Hypoglycaemic Agents vs. Hypoglycaemic Agents |
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150 | (4) |
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154 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Placebo |
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154 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Lifestyle Intervention |
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154 | (1) |
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|
154 | (2) |
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CHM Plus Hypoglycaemic Agents vs. Hypoglycaemic Agents |
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156 | (3) |
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|
159 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Placebo |
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160 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Lifestyle Intervention |
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160 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Hypoglycaemic Agents |
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160 | (2) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine Plus Hypoglycaemic Agents vs. Hypoglycaemic Agents |
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162 | (3) |
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165 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Placebo |
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165 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Hypoglycaemic Agents |
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165 | (1) |
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CHM Plus Hypoglycaemic Agents vs. Hypoglycaemic Agents |
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166 | (3) |
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Insulin Sensitivity Index |
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169 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Hypoglycaemic Agents |
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169 | (2) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine Plus Hypoglycaemic Agents vs. Hypoglycaemic Agents |
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171 | (2) |
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173 | (1) |
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CHM Plus Hypoglycaemic Agents vs. Hypoglycaemic Agents |
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173 | (1) |
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Assessment Using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation |
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174 | (1) |
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Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Pharmacotherapy |
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174 | (2) |
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Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine Plus Pharmacotherapy vs. Pharmacotherapy |
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176 | (1) |
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Randomised Controlled Trial Evidence for Individual Oral Formulae |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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Frequently Reported Orally Used Herbs in Meta-analyses Showing Favourable Effect |
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180 | (4) |
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Safety of Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine in Randomised Controlled Trials |
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184 | (2) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Placebo |
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186 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Lifestyle Intervention |
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186 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Pharmacotherapy |
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186 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine Plus Hypoglycaemic Agents vs. Hypoglycaemic Agents |
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187 | (1) |
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Controlled Clinical Trials of Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine |
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187 | (2) |
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189 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Hypoglycaemic Agents |
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189 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine Plus Hypoglycaemic Agents vs. Hypoglycaemic Agents |
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189 | (1) |
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Postprandial Blood Glucose |
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189 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Hypoglycaemic Agents |
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189 | (1) |
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CHM Plus Hypoglycaemic Agents vs. Hypoglycaemic Agents |
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189 | (1) |
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Glycoslated Haemoglobin A1C |
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190 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Hypoglycaemic Agents |
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190 | (1) |
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CHM Plus Hypoglycaemic Agents vs. Hypoglycaemic Agents |
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190 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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|
190 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Hypoglycaemic Agents |
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190 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine Plus Hypoglycaemic Agents vs. Hypoglycaemic Agents |
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|
191 | (1) |
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|
191 | (1) |
|
Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Hypoglycaemic Agents |
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|
191 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine Plus Hypoglycaemic Agents vs. Hypoglycaemic Agents |
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|
191 | (1) |
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|
191 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine vs. Hypoglycaemic Agents |
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191 | (1) |
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Chinese Herbal Medicine and Hypoglycaemic Agents vs. Hypoglycaemic Agents |
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|
192 | (1) |
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192 | (1) |
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192 | (1) |
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192 | (1) |
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Safety of Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine in Controlled Clinical Trials |
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192 | (1) |
|
Non-controlled Studies of Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine |
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193 | (1) |
|
Safety of Chinese Herbal Medicine in Non-controlled Studies |
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|
194 | (1) |
|
Clinical Evidence for Commonly Used Chinese Herbal Medicine Treatments |
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|
194 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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|
195 | (1) |
|
Summary of Chinese Herbal Medicine Clinical Evidence |
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|
195 | (1) |
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196 | (1) |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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Study References Included in Chinese Herbal Medicine Clinical Studies |
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198 | (17) |
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6 Pharmacological Actions of Frequently Used Herbs |
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215 | (22) |
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215 | (1) |
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216 | (1) |
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Experimental Studies on huang qi |
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217 | (1) |
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Experimental Studies on sheng di huang |
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218 | (1) |
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Experimental Studies on ge gen |
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219 | (1) |
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Experimental Studies on huang Han |
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220 | (2) |
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Experimental Studies on dan shen |
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222 | (1) |
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Experimental Studies on mai men dong |
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223 | (2) |
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Experimental Studies on shan yao |
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|
225 | (1) |
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Experimental Studies on fu |
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|
226 | (1) |
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Experimental Studies on tian hua fen |
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226 | (1) |
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Experimental Studies on zhi mu |
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|
227 | (1) |
|
Summary of Pharmacological Actions |
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|
228 | (1) |
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|
229 | (8) |
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7 Clinical Evidence for Acupuncture and Related Therapies |
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|
237 | (12) |
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|
237 | (1) |
|
Previous Systematic Reviews |
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238 | (1) |
|
Identification of Clinical Studies |
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238 | (1) |
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|
239 | (1) |
|
Randomised Controlled Trials of Acupuncture |
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240 | (1) |
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|
240 | (1) |
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Acupuncture as Integrative Medicine vs. Pharmacotherapy |
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241 | (1) |
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|
241 | (1) |
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Postprandial Blood Glucose |
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241 | (1) |
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|
241 | (1) |
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|
241 | (1) |
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|
242 | (1) |
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|
242 | (1) |
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|
242 | (1) |
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|
242 | (1) |
|
Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance |
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|
243 | (1) |
|
Acupuncture Plus Lifestyle Therapy vs. Lifestyle Therapy |
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243 | (1) |
|
Frequently Reported Acupuncture Points in Meta-analyses Showing Favourable Effect |
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243 | (1) |
|
Controlled Clinical Trials of Acupuncture |
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243 | (1) |
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Non-controlled Studies of Acupuncture |
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243 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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Summary of Clinical Evidence for Acupuncture and Related Therapies |
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|
245 | (1) |
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|
246 | (1) |
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References for Included Acupuncture Therapies Clinical Studies |
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|
246 | (3) |
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8 Clinical Evidence for Other Chinese Medicine Therapies |
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|
249 | (20) |
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|
249 | (1) |
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Previous Systematic Reviews |
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|
250 | (1) |
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Identification of Clinical Studies |
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|
251 | (1) |
|
Chinese Medicine Diet Therapy |
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|
252 | (1) |
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Randomised Controlled Trials of Chinese Medicine Diet Therapy |
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|
252 | (1) |
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253 | (1) |
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|
253 | (1) |
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|
253 | (1) |
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Postprandial Blood Glucose |
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253 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
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|
254 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
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|
254 | (1) |
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Controlled Clinical Trials of Chinese Medicine Diet Therapy |
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255 | (1) |
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Non-controlled Studies of Chinese Medicine Diet Therapy |
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|
255 | (1) |
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Safety of Chinese Medicine Diet Therapy |
|
|
255 | (1) |
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|
255 | (1) |
|
Randomised Controlled Trials of Baduanjin |
|
|
255 | (1) |
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|
256 | (1) |
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|
256 | (1) |
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|
257 | (1) |
|
Postprandial Blood Glucose |
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|
257 | (1) |
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|
257 | (1) |
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|
258 | (1) |
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|
258 | (1) |
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|
258 | (1) |
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|
259 | (1) |
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|
259 | (1) |
|
Assessment Using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation |
|
|
259 | (1) |
|
Controlled Clinical Trials of Baduanjin |
|
|
260 | (1) |
|
Non-Controlled Studies of Baduanjin |
|
|
261 | (1) |
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261 | (1) |
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261 | (1) |
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261 | (1) |
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|
262 | (1) |
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|
262 | (1) |
|
Postprandial Blood Glucose |
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|
262 | (1) |
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|
262 | (1) |
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|
263 | (1) |
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|
263 | (1) |
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|
263 | (1) |
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|
263 | (1) |
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|
263 | (1) |
|
Assessment using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation |
|
|
264 | (1) |
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|
264 | (1) |
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|
264 | (1) |
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|
264 | (2) |
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|
266 | (1) |
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|
266 | (1) |
|
Postprandial Blood Glucose |
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|
266 | (1) |
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|
266 | (1) |
|
Summary of Other Chinese Medicine Clinical Evidence |
|
|
266 | (1) |
|
|
267 | (1) |
|
References for Included Other Chinese Medicine Therapies Clinical Studies |
|
|
268 | (1) |
|
9 Clinical Evidence for Combination Therapies |
|
|
269 | (10) |
|
|
269 | (1) |
|
Identification of Clinical Studies |
|
|
269 | (1) |
|
Randomised Controlled Trials of Combination Therapies |
|
|
270 | (1) |
|
|
271 | (1) |
|
Clinical Evidence for Combination Therapies from Randomised Controlled Trials |
|
|
271 | (1) |
|
Chinese Herbal Medicine Plus Acupuncture |
|
|
271 | (1) |
|
Chinese Herbal Medicine Plus Acupuncture Plus Metformin |
|
|
272 | (1) |
|
Chinese Herbal Medicine Plus Tuina Plus Pioglitazone |
|
|
272 | (1) |
|
Chinese Herbal Medicine Plus Baduanjin Plus Metformin |
|
|
272 | (2) |
|
Chinese Herbal Medicine Plus Moxibustion Plus Sulfonylureas and α-Glucosidase Inhibitors |
|
|
274 | (1) |
|
Chinese Herbal Medicine Plus Acupuncture, Massage, Chinese Medicine Diet Therapy and Metformin |
|
|
274 | (1) |
|
Controlled Clinical Trials of Combination Therapies |
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
Non-Controlled Studies of Combination Therapies |
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
Summary of Clinical Evidence for CombinationTherapies |
|
|
276 | (1) |
|
References for Included Combination Therapies Clinical Studies |
|
|
277 | (2) |
|
10 Summary and Conclusions |
|
|
279 | (20) |
|
|
279 | (1) |
|
Chinese Medicine Syndrome Differentiation |
|
|
280 | (1) |
|
|
281 | (2) |
|
Chinese Herbal Medicine Formulae in Key Clinical Guidelines and Textbooks, Classical Literature and Clinical Studies |
|
|
283 | (5) |
|
Acupuncture and Related Therapies |
|
|
288 | (3) |
|
Other Chinese Medicine Therapies |
|
|
291 | (1) |
|
|
292 | (2) |
|
Implications for Practice |
|
|
294 | (1) |
|
Implications for Research |
|
|
295 | (1) |
|
|
296 | (1) |
|
|
297 | (2) |
Glossary |
|
299 | (10) |
Index |
|
309 | |