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E-raamat: First Mapping of America: The General Survey of British North America

(Independent Scholar, USA)
  • Formaat: 352 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 23-Aug-2017
  • Kirjastus: Bloomsbury Publishing PLC
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781786733214
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The First Mapping of America tells the story of the General Survey. At the heart of the story lie the remarkable maps and the men who made them - the commanding and highly professional Samuel Holland, Surveyor-General in the North, and the brilliant but mercurial William Gerard De Brahm, Surveyor-General in the South. Battling both physical and political obstacles, Holland and De Brahm sought to establish their place in the firmament of the British hierarchy. Yet the reality in which they had to operate was largely controlled from afar, by Crown administrators in London and the colonies and by wealthy speculators, whose approval or opposition could make or break the best laid plans as they sought to use the Survey for their own ends.

Muu info

*First book to combine important cartographic scholarship with the machinations of high politics, bureaucracy and commercial greed. *Contains many previously unpublished maps
List of Illustrations
xii
List of Abbreviations
xvii
Acknowledgements xix
PART I On the Tide of the Enlightenment
1 Introduction
3(11)
Maps, knowledge and power in the Age of the Enlightenment
7(1)
Organisation of the book
8(6)
PART II The Antecedents and Genesis of the General Survey Introduction
14(48)
2 The Civilian and Military Antecedents of the General Survey
15(14)
Developments in English colonial cartography during the late seventeenth century
15(2)
Governance of colonial affairs in British North America
17(2)
Signs of progress
19(1)
Lord Halifax becomes President of the Board of Trade
20(1)
Introducing William Gerard De Brahm
21(1)
The development of military cartography in British North America
22(2)
Introducing Samuel Holland
24(5)
3 The Genesis of the General Survey
29(16)
The role and status of the Board of Trade, 1761-4
29(1)
The Grenville Ministry and the new colonial policy
30(1)
The important new policy questions of the day
30(4)
The Proclamation of 7 October 1763
34(1)
Samuel Holland's timely proposal for the General Survey
35(2)
The plan for the survey is defined
37(3)
Linking surveys, envisioned as additions to complete the General Survey
40(1)
Scientific surveying as practised by the General Survey of British North America
41(4)
4 The Pre-existing Information Influencing the General Survey
45(17)
Pre-existing maps of the Northern District
45(7)
The maps of L'Acadie versus Nova Scotia
47(1)
Depiction of the Island of St John up to 1764
48(1)
Depiction of Cape Breton Island up to 1764
49(3)
Pre-existing maps for the Southern District
52(6)
Spanish Florida, 1565--1763
52(1)
Spanish conceptions of Florida during their first colonial period
52(6)
Maps and geographical information acquired by the British in 1764
58(4)
PART III Mapping `Infant Colonies': The Commencement of the General Survey Introduction
62(62)
5 The Northern District
63(30)
Holland arrives to begin the survey
63(2)
Holland assembles his team
65(1)
Holland manages the inherent operational issues
66(2)
The survey in Nova Scotia begins
68(15)
The survey of the Island of St John
70(1)
Holland's general map and account of the Island of St John
71(2)
Holland's account of the natural attributes of the Island of St John
73(1)
Holland's survey received
74(1)
The decision about the island of St John
74(2)
The survey of Cape Breton Island
76(1)
Whitehall's `temporary' settlement freeze in Cape Breton
76(1)
Surveying operations in Cape Breton Island, 1765 and 1766
77(2)
Holland's reports and general map of Cape Breton
79(3)
Holland quietly supports Nova Scotian activism
82(1)
Whitehall continues the settlement freeze
83(1)
The survey begins in Quebec
83(4)
Holland's own `Murray Map'
85(1)
Mapping the Gaspesie
85(2)
Charting Lower St Lawrence
87(1)
Surveying Newfoundland's dependencies
87(3)
The Magdalen Islands
88(1)
Anticosti Island
89(1)
Labrador
90(1)
Conclusions
91(2)
6 The Southern District
93(31)
Introduction
93(2)
Whitehall's high hopes
95(2)
James Grant becomes East Florida's first governor
97(1)
De Brahm sets out
98(1)
De Brahm's reconnaissance mapping of the Atlantic coast, 1765
99(14)
De Brahm's first mission
103(3)
De Brahm's survey of Mosquito Inlet
106(3)
The second coastal reconnaissance mission, spring to summer of 1765
109(3)
Mapping the St John's River and the search for a trans-peninsular navigable passage
112(1)
Cadastral surveys
113(1)
The gathering storm
114(5)
De Brahm excluded
117(2)
Enter James Moncrief
119(2)
Conclusions
121(3)
PART IV `Closing the Net': The General Survey During the Administration of the Earl of Hillsborough Introduction
124(60)
7 The Northern District
129(22)
Decision points in Quebec and Atlantic Canada
131(2)
Charting New England
133(3)
New Hampshire
136(5)
The coastal surveys from Cape Ann to the Kennebec River
141(1)
Whitehall's new forestry agenda
141(10)
8 The Southern District
151(33)
The trials of William Gerard De Brahm
152(4)
Romans and Durnford take over De Brahm's duties on the General Survey
156(2)
East Florida, 1768--71: growing pains
158(2)
Exploring the St John's River
160(16)
The search for a connection to the Gulf of Mexico
161(1)
Tampa Bay: `a good harbour for all purposes'
161(2)
Enter Bernard Romans
163(1)
The General Survey charts the Gulf coast
163(3)
The northernmost parts of East Florida's Atlantic coast
166(1)
Towards Miami
167(1)
De Brahm's Atlantic Pilot: the Florida Keys and the Gulf Stream
168(4)
Bernard Romans continues the Gulf Survey
172(4)
West Florida
176(6)
The downfall of the Earl of Hillsborough
182(2)
PART V `A New Spring to Our Future Endeavours': The General Survey under the Administration of the Earl of Dartmouth Introduction
184(47)
Lord Dartmouth becomes Secretary of State for the colonies
184(1)
Power and influence within the American Department and the Board of Trade
185(1)
The role of the General Survey in fulfilling policy objectives during Dartmouth's tenure
186(2)
The royal factor: George III's interest in the General Survey
188(3)
9 The Northern District
191(24)
Organisation and funding of the Northern Survey during Dartmouth's tenure
191(1)
Holland's struggle to retain his workforce and key surveyors
192(2)
The Admiralty and the elusive general map of the Northern District
194(1)
The recalcitrant J.F.W. Des Barres
195(1)
Maine and the timberlands
196(8)
The Survey's magnificent maps of Coastal Maine
202(2)
The Northern Survey in New Hampshire
204(4)
The mystery of the general map of New Hampshire
207(1)
The Northern Survey in metropolitan Massachusetts
208(4)
The Northern Survey in Rhode Island
212(1)
The operational end of the Northern General Survey
213(2)
10 The Southern District
215(16)
De Brahm in London: a time of redemption
215(7)
De Brahm, the author
217(2)
De Brahm, the scientist
219(1)
Dartmouth and De Brahm in land speculation
219(2)
De Brahm: the journey back
221(1)
Events in East Florida
222(2)
An `accurate general map'
223(1)
Joseph Purcell
West Florida: Durnford, Romans and the quest for a general map
224(7)
The use of maps in West Florida
225(1)
Bernard Romans completes the first general map of West Florida
226(1)
The role played by Elias Durnford
227(4)
Part VI The General Survey and the Militarisation of Civilian Cartography
11 A Call to Arms
231(20)
Military mapping in the pre-war period
232(1)
General Gage's cartographic crisis
232(2)
The Siege of Boston
234(1)
Enter the maps of the General Survey
235(2)
The `war room' and the map printing revolution
237(5)
The continued role of the General Survey's maps during the American Revolution
242(3)
`The Guides and Pioneers': the human legacy of the Northern Survey during the Revolution
245(1)
The Southern District
246(5)
PART VII Conclusion and Legacy
12 Conclusion
251(14)
The civilian legacy of the General Survey
254(1)
Base maps for the new republic
254(5)
`Loyal she remains': mapping Britain's remaining North American provinces
259(3)
New horizons
262(3)
Notes 265(42)
Bibliography 307(16)
Index 323
Alexander Johnson is an international authority on historical cartography. He has been a Senior Consultant in Cartography to Christie's in London and was formerly head of the map department at one of the world's leading antiquarian book dealers in New York.
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