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E-raamat: From the Earth's Core to Outer Space

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From the Earth's Core to Outer Space focuses on four themes: (1) Evolving Earth's crust, (2) Changing Baltic Sea, (3) Climate Change, and (4) Planet Earth, third stone from Sun. The focus on these four topics provides both a state of the art review of earth science topics of particular importance to Scandinavia and the Baltic and also the global context in which a consideration of these topics must be made. It finishes by discussing our use of space born technologies for understanding these topics and places the Earth within the context of our neighbouring planets and their satellites. The first theme includes papers on the structure, origin and evolution of the Earth's crust and in particular the ore deposits in Fennoscandia, plate-tectonic drift of Fennoscandia (Baltica), and postglacial isostatic rebound of the crust. The second theme contains papers dealing with changes in the ice season of the Baltic Sea, inflow and stagnation in deep basins, biology of the Baltic Sea, and carbon dioxide balance in sea water. The third theme deals with origin and evolution of oxygen in atmosphere, postglacial climate change, effects of aerosols and greenhouse gases on climate, interplay between anthropogenic and natural factors in the current climate change, and Earth's water resources. The fourth theme includes articles on Earth's space environment, use of satellites in cartography and geodesy, information obtained by space probes on Mars and other planets and their moons, and possibilities to find life on them.

With state-of-the-art information about changing geoscientific and environmental conditions, especially in northern Europe, this book's thematic approach includes material on the evolution of the Earth's crust, climate change, and changes in the Baltic Sea.
1 Introduction
1(10)
Ilmari Haapala
Tuija Pulkkinen
Part I Earth's Evolving Crust
2 Paleo-Mesoproterozoic Assemblages of Continents: Paleomagnetic Evidence for Near Equatorial Supercontinents
11(26)
S. Mertanen
L.J. Pesonen
3 Seismic Structure of Earth's Crust in Finland
37(10)
Pekka Heikkinen
4 Evolution of the Bedrock of Finland: An Overview
47(14)
Raimo Lahtinen
5 Craton Mantle Formation and Structure of Eastern Finland Mantle: Evidence from Kimberlite-Derived Mantle Xenoliths, Xenocrysts and Diamonds
61(20)
Hugh O'Brien
Marja Lehtonen
6 Metallic Mineral Resources in Finland and Fennoscandia: A Major European Raw-Materials Source for the Future
81(22)
Pekka A. Nurmi
Pasi Eilu
7 Isotopic Microanalysis: In Situ Constraints on the Origin and Evolution of the Finnish Precambrian
103(24)
O. Tapani Ramo
8 Fennoscandian Land Uplift: Past, Present and Future
127(12)
Juhani Kakkuri
Part II Changing Baltic Sea
9 Ice Season in the Baltic Sea and Its Climatic Variability
139
Matti Lepparanta
10 Baltic Sea Water Exchange and Oxygen Balance
15(1)
Pentti Malkki
Matti Perttila
11 Marine Carbon Dioxide
16(1)
Matti Perttila
12 Impact of Climate Change on Biology of the Baltic Sea
17(170)
Markku Viitasalo
Part III Climate Change
13 Evolution of Earth's Atmosphere
187(12)
Juha A. Karhu
14 Late Quaternary Climate History of Northern Europe
199(20)
Antti E.K. Ojala
15 Aerosols and Climate Change
219(8)
Markku Kulmala
Ilona Riipinen
Veli-Matti Kerminen
16 Enhanced Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change in Northern Europe
227(14)
Jouni Raisanen
17 Will There Be Enough Water?
241(16)
Esko Kuusisto
Part IV Planet Earth, Third Stone from the Sun
18 Trends in Space Weather Since the Nineteenth Century
257(8)
Heikki Nevanlinna
19 Space Weather: From Solar Storms to the Technical Challenges of the Space Age
265(14)
Hannu Koskinen
20 Space Geodesy: Observing Global Changes
279(16)
Markku Poutanen
21 Destination Mars
295(14)
Risto Pellinen
22 In Search of a Living Planet
309(20)
Harry J. Lehto
Appendix 1 Geological Time 329(2)
Appendix 2 Layered Structure of Earth's Interior 331(2)
Appendix 3 Layers of Earth's Atmosphere 333(2)
Index 335
Prof. Ilmari Haapala, Espo, Finland email: ilmari.haapala@helsinki.fi