| Translator's Preface |
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xix | |
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| Foreword |
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xxi | |
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| List of Figures |
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xiii | |
| Part I |
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Chapter 1 Establishment of the Japanese State and the Formation and Transformation of Status |
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1 | (7) |
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Status in the small states of pre-history |
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1 | (4) |
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Status in the Yamato state |
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5 | (1) |
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The creation of the Yamato state and the formation of clans and ranks |
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6 | (2) |
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Chapter 2 Formation of the Ritsuryo State Structure and the Status System |
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8 | (16) |
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The formation of the ritsuro structure |
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8 | (1) |
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The creation of a senmin system beneath the status system of the ritsuro structures |
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9 | (1) |
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Senmin in the ritsuryo system |
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10 | (1) |
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The disruption and dismantling of the ritsuro status system |
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11 | (1) |
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The role played by immigrants and their social position |
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12 | (3) |
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Strategies and attitudes to those living on the islands to the North, the North-east and the South |
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15 | (2) |
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The strengthening of discrimination based on ideas of pollution in the Heian period |
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17 | (3) |
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The origins of occupational discrimination against butchers and leather workers |
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20 | (4) |
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Chapter 3 Formation and Development of Society in the Middle Ages and the Lifestyle and Culture of Discriminated People |
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24 | (30) |
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The structure and development of society in the Middle Ages |
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24 | (1) |
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Features of the status system of the Middle Ages |
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25 | (1) |
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Formation and living conditions of the eta - kiyome, saiku, kawaramono - in the early Middle Ages |
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26 | (5) |
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Hinin of the early Middle Ages and their way of life |
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31 | (5) |
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Sanjo and their lives in the early Middle Ages |
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36 | (2) |
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Transformation of society in the Middle Ages |
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38 | (2) |
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Work and livelihood of the kawaramono: eta, kiyome and saiku in the late Middle Ages |
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40 | (6) |
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The work of hinin, sanjo (shomoji) and their lives in the late Middle Ages |
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46 | (2) |
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Kawata in the era of Warring States (Sengoku Jidai) |
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48 | (6) |
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Chapter 4 Establishment of Kawata and Chori Status - the Buraku of the Early Modern Period |
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54 | (27) |
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Rule of the Toyotomi, the early Tokugawa regime, and the kawata/chori |
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54 | (4) |
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Bakuhan structure of rule and the status system |
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58 | (3) |
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Formation of the kawata and chori - the Buraku of the early modern period |
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61 | (5) |
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Reality of the status regulations of the Edo Period |
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66 | (1) |
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Control of discriminated people and the discrimination policy of the feudal lords in the early Edo Period |
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67 | (6) |
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Occupations of the kawata and chori in the early Edo Period |
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73 | (4) |
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Responsibilities of kawata and chori in the early Edo Period |
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77 | (4) |
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Chapter 5 Discriminated Groups of the Early Modern Period |
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81 | (8) |
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Formation of hinin status groups and their responsibilities |
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81 | (2) |
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Other discriminated groups |
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83 | (6) |
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Chapter 6 Development of Early Modern (Kinsei) Society and Discriminated People |
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89 | (14) |
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Social trends in the mid-Edo period and the discrimination policies used by the Bakufu authorities and feudal lords to control discriminated groups |
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89 | (4) |
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Occupations of the kawata and chori in the mid-Edo period |
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93 | (5) |
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Social context of discriminated people in the mid-Edo period |
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98 | (2) |
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Religion and kawata/chori in the mid-Edo period |
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100 | (3) |
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Chapter 7 Dislocation and Collapse of Early Modern Society and Discriminated People |
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103 | (10) |
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Social trends in late-Edo Japan and discriminated people |
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103 | (2) |
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Changes in the occupations of the kawata and chori in the later Edo Period |
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105 | (2) |
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Demographic change among the discriminated communities and its impact |
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107 | (1) |
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Struggles of discriminated groups and the development of emancipatory thought |
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108 | (3) |
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Discriminated people and social change on the verge of the Restoration - the eve of the liberation edict |
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111 | (2) |
| Part II |
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Chapter 8 What was the Buraku Problem' in the Modern Period? |
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113 | (12) |
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113 | (2) |
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Buraku - discriminated Buraku - Dowa districts |
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115 | (2) |
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The boundaries that replaced status |
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117 | (1) |
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Start of the modern Buraku problem - the Liberation Edict |
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118 | (3) |
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121 | (1) |
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h6 | |
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122 | (3) |
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Chapter 9 Signs of Discrimination Invented |
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125 | (12) |
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Maintenance of 'old customs' |
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125 | (2) |
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Rejection of discrimination by the 'Japanese Enlightenment' |
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127 | (2) |
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Freedom, people's rights movement and the 'Buraku problem' |
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129 | (2) |
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New 'signifiers' - hotbeds of poverty, filth and disease |
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131 | (2) |
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The look that says 'different' |
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133 | (4) |
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Chapter 10 Discriminated Buraku are 'Discovered' |
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137 | (12) |
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Excluded from the new village system |
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137 | (1) |
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Barrier of the ie family system that impeded (and impedes) marriage |
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138 | (2) |
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Okura Toro's Biwako (Song of Biwa) |
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140 | (2) |
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How 'one's origins' stand in the way - from Hakai |
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142 | (1) |
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Sweeping away signs of discrimination |
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143 | (2) |
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The start of Buraku improvement policies |
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145 | (2) |
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147 | (2) |
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Chapter 11 Seeking Unification of the Empire |
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149 | (14) |
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Racism and moral training |
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149 | (2) |
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From 'Special Buraku' to 'Buraku of Poor People' |
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151 | (1) |
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Formation of Yamato Doshikai |
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152 | (2) |
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Constructing an Origins Theory for 'Harmonious Reconciliation' |
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154 | (2) |
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Formation of the Imperial Way Society |
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156 | (2) |
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New lands - movement and migration |
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158 | (1) |
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Inversion of ends and means - Yamato Doshikai and Imperial Way Society |
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159 | (2) |
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Enlightenment of ordinary Buraku people |
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161 | (2) |
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Chapter 12 Rice Riots and Racial Equality |
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163 | (12) |
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Emergence of the rice riots |
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163 | (2) |
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165 | (1) |
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Images of the rioters and 'special people' |
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166 | (1) |
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'Compassionate conciliation' |
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167 | (2) |
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Demand for abolition of racial discrimination and discrimination against Burakumin |
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169 | (1) |
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Crushing of the racial origin theories |
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170 | (1) |
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171 | (4) |
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Chapter 13 Liberation by Our Own Efforts |
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175 | (17) |
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Investigating 'self-awareness' |
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175 | (1) |
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Swallow Association (Tsubamekai) - seeking a discrimination-free society |
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176 | (4) |
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Recovery of pride - the formation of the national Suiheisha |
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180 | (1) |
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The Suiheisha Declaration |
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181 | (2) |
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Experiences of discrimination mount up |
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183 | (2) |
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Women of the Buraku - patience and submission |
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185 | (2) |
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Formation of the women's Suiheisha |
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187 | (1) |
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The Hyongpyongsa and Kaiheisha |
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188 | (4) |
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Chapter 14 Liberation or Conciliation? |
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192 | (12) |
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192 | (1) |
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Reactions to the Suiheisha - the Serada village incident |
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193 | (2) |
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The 'same' proletarian class? |
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195 | (2) |
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Stubborn defence of 'Buraku' consciousness |
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197 | (2) |
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From the Central Social Project Council Regional Improvement Division to the Central Project Council |
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199 | (2) |
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A moral movement or an economic movement? |
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201 | (3) |
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Chapter 15 'National Unity' and its Contradictions |
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204 | (17) |
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Economic problems rise to the surface |
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204 | (1) |
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Suiheisha dissolution theory and its modification |
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205 | (3) |
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208 | (3) |
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Onset of total war in China and the wartime collaboration of the Suiheisha |
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211 | (1) |
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Subordination of 'National Unity' to the 'Building of a Greater East Asia' |
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212 | (1) |
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213 | (2) |
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Implications of race - minzoku |
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215 | (1) |
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Discrimination as unpatriotic activity |
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216 | (1) |
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IRRA and the formation of Dowa Hokokai |
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217 | (1) |
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'Resource regulation projects' and migration to Manchuria |
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218 | (1) |
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Extinction of the Dowa movement |
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219 | (2) |
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Chapter 16 Post-war Reforms and the Re-launch of the Buraku Liberation Movement |
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221 | (16) |
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Formation of the Buraku National Liberation Committee (BNLC) |
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221 | (2) |
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Against the Emperor System |
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223 | (1) |
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'As long as there are aristocrats there will be outcastes' |
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224 | (2) |
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Discrimination Buraku get left behind |
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226 | (1) |
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Requesting a national policy - the formation of BLL |
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227 | (4) |
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231 | (2) |
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Creation of the National Dowa Education Research Association |
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233 | (4) |
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Chapter 17 Making Citizens: Becoming Citizens |
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237 | (13) |
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237 | (1) |
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Acknowledging the state's responsibility - the Dotaishin |
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238 | (2) |
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240 | (2) |
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242 | (1) |
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243 | (4) |
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The 'alley' swindle - the tree country and root country |
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247 | (3) |
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Chapter 18 : Absorption and Exclusion into 'Civil Society' |
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250 | (9) |
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Dawa policy - re-examination of the BLL |
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250 | (2) |
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252 | (1) |
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253 | (3) |
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Minority group solidarity |
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256 | (1) |
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From Dowa to human rights - the end of the Special Measures Law |
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257 | (2) |
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Chapter 19 Looking at the Buraku Problem Now |
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259 | (8) |
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259 | (1) |
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Retrograde step or negation? |
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260 | (4) |
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Looking at 'civil society' |
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264 | (1) |
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Acquiring an understanding of universal human rights |
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265 | (2) |
| Afterword |
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267 | (2) |
| Bibliography |
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269 | (20) |
| Index |
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289 | |