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xix | |
| Preface |
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xxiii | |
| Acknowledgments |
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xxv | |
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PART 1 ORTHOPAEDIC BIOMECHANICS THEORY |
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Chapter 1 Introduction: from mechanics to biomechanics |
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3 | (6) |
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Chapter 2 Mechanical properties of biological tissues |
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9 | (16) |
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Introduction: material properties and structural properties |
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9 | (1) |
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Material properties: general concept |
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10 | (3) |
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Force---displacement curve and stiffness of a material |
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10 | (1) |
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Stress---strain curve and elastic modulus |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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Material isotropy and anisotropy |
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13 | (1) |
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Stress tensor and Hooke's law |
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13 | (2) |
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Orthotropic, transversally isotropic, and isotropic material models |
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15 | (4) |
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15 | (1) |
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Transversally isotropic material |
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16 | (2) |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (2) |
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Viscoelasticity and viscoelastic models |
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21 | (4) |
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Maxwell and Kelvin--Voight models |
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22 | (1) |
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Standard linear solid model |
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23 | (2) |
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Chapter 3 Orthopedic biomechanics: stress analysis |
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25 | (14) |
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25 | (1) |
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Stress and strain concept |
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25 | (1) |
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One-dimensional simple stresses and strains |
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26 | (3) |
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Axial stress due to axial loading |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (2) |
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Stresses on an oblique section under axial loading |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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Normal stress due to pure bending (simple beam theory) |
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31 | (6) |
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Shear stress due to bending |
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32 | (1) |
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Shear strain due to torsion |
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33 | (4) |
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37 | (2) |
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Chapter 4 Orthopedic biomechanics: multibodyanalysis |
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39 | (32) |
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39 | (2) |
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41 | (9) |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (3) |
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47 | (3) |
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50 | (15) |
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Multibody model for ligament balancing in total knee arthroplasty |
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50 | (4) |
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Experimental kinematic data for human elbow stability estimation |
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54 | (4) |
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Design of experiment for prosthetic hip range of motion estimation |
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58 | (4) |
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Impact of the modular hip implant design on reaction forces at the neck---stem joint during walking |
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62 | (3) |
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65 | (6) |
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Chapter 5 Fundamentals of mechanobiology |
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71 | (26) |
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Graciosa Quelhas Teixeira |
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Cornelia Neidlinger-Wilke |
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71 | (3) |
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Mechanical stimulation and study models |
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74 | (15) |
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74 | (3) |
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77 | (3) |
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80 | (9) |
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89 | (8) |
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Chapter 6 Bone biomechanics |
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97 | (24) |
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97 | (2) |
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Bone cells and (re)modeling |
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99 | (1) |
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Bone formation and remodeling |
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100 | (2) |
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Bone mechanical properties |
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102 | (6) |
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Bone density and structure |
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102 | (1) |
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Bone elasticity and anisotropy |
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103 | (3) |
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Bone postelastic behavior |
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106 | (2) |
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Bone time-dependent properties |
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108 | (1) |
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Assessment of bone biomechanical properties at different dimensional levels |
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108 | (6) |
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Ex vivo assessment of bone mechanical properties |
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108 | (1) |
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108 | (2) |
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110 | (1) |
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Bone structural unit/lamellar level |
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111 | (1) |
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In vivo assessment of bone mechanical properties |
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112 | (2) |
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114 | (2) |
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116 | (5) |
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Chapter 7 Muscle biomechanics |
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121 | (16) |
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121 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (2) |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (9) |
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125 | (2) |
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127 | (2) |
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129 | (2) |
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131 | (3) |
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134 | (1) |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (2) |
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Chapter 8 Ligament and tendon biomechanics |
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137 | (14) |
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Anatomy, structure, and function |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (4) |
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Experimental measurement of the biomechanical properties |
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142 | (1) |
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In vivo assessment of the biomechanical properties |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (2) |
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Musculoskeletal maturation, aging, and exercise |
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146 | (1) |
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146 | (1) |
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147 | (4) |
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Chapter 9 Cartilage biomechanics |
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151 | (26) |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (3) |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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Electromechanical effects |
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155 | (1) |
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155 | (15) |
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157 | (1) |
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Unconfined compression and tensile testing |
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157 | (1) |
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Dynamic compression, creep and stress relaxation testing |
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158 | (5) |
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Biomechanical mapping of the joint surfaces in human knees |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (6) |
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170 | (7) |
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Chapter 10 Meniscus biomechanics |
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177 | (22) |
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177 | (1) |
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177 | (4) |
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181 | (2) |
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183 | (1) |
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Tensile material properties |
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183 | (1) |
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Compressive material properties |
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184 | (1) |
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Root attachment properties |
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185 | (1) |
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Injury impact on meniscus performance |
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186 | (1) |
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187 | (1) |
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187 | (1) |
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Changes in meniscus biomechanics in osteoarthritis |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (3) |
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193 | (6) |
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Chapter 11 Intervertebral disc biomechanics |
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199 | (22) |
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Graciosa Quelhas Teixeira |
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199 | (2) |
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Cartilaginous and vertebral endplates |
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201 | (1) |
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202 | (3) |
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203 | (2) |
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Biomechanical response of the discal tissues |
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205 | (2) |
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Biomechanics of the intervertebral disc |
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207 | (2) |
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209 | (3) |
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212 | (2) |
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214 | (4) |
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218 | (3) |
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PART 2 HUMAN JOINTS BIOMECHANICS |
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Chapter 12 Biomechanics of the hip joint |
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221 | (18) |
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221 | (2) |
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223 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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Functional anatomy of the hip muscles |
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225 | (2) |
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227 | (2) |
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Hip cartilage and osteoarthritis |
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229 | (2) |
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231 | (1) |
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Fracture of the femoral neck |
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232 | (3) |
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235 | (4) |
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Chapter 13 Biomechanics of the knee joint |
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239 | (26) |
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239 | (8) |
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239 | (3) |
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242 | (2) |
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244 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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245 | (2) |
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The tibio-femoral joint: kinematics and kinetics |
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247 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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Historical knee kinematics analysis: from one degrees of freedom to six degrees of freedoms |
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247 | (2) |
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The Grood---Suntay coordinate system |
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249 | (2) |
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Medio-lateral knee kinematics model: medial pivot and roll-back knee motion |
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251 | (2) |
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Knee kinematics in active conditions |
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253 | (1) |
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253 | (2) |
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The patello-femoral joint |
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255 | (4) |
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Introduction: the patellar function |
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255 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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Patellar soft tissue envelope |
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257 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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259 | (6) |
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Chapter 14 Biomechanics of the spine |
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265 | (20) |
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265 | (4) |
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269 | (2) |
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271 | (1) |
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272 | (2) |
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Sagittal alignment and degenerative deformities |
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274 | (3) |
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Congenital, pediatric, and adolescent scoliosis |
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277 | (2) |
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279 | (1) |
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280 | (5) |
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Chapter 15 Biomechanics of the shoulder joint |
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285 | (20) |
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285 | (3) |
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288 | (5) |
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289 | (2) |
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291 | (2) |
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293 | (5) |
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Stability of the glenohumeral joint |
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296 | (1) |
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296 | (1) |
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296 | (2) |
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298 | (3) |
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301 | (1) |
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301 | (4) |
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Chapter 16 Biomechanics of the ankle joint |
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305 | (20) |
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305 | (2) |
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Anatomy and morphology of the human ankle joint |
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307 | (1) |
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308 | (1) |
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309 | (1) |
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310 | (1) |
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311 | (1) |
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312 | (1) |
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313 | (3) |
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316 | (1) |
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The posterior compartment |
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316 | (1) |
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317 | (1) |
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318 | (1) |
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Kinematics of the human ankle joint |
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318 | (1) |
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The range of motion of the ankle |
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318 | (2) |
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320 | (1) |
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Kinetics of the human ankle joint |
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321 | (1) |
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External loads on the ankle joint |
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322 | (1) |
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Muscle forces and joint contact forces in the ankle joint |
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323 | (1) |
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324 | (1) |
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Chapter 17 Biomechanics of wrist and elbow |
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325 | (16) |
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325 | (7) |
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326 | (3) |
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Means of carpal stability |
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329 | (1) |
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330 | (2) |
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332 | (4) |
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332 | (2) |
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334 | (1) |
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Force transmission at the elbow |
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335 | (1) |
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335 | (1) |
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336 | (5) |
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PART 3 BIOMECHANICS AND DESIGN OF ORTHOPAEDIC DEVICES |
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Chapter 18 Biomaterials and biocompatibility |
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341 | (20) |
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Biomaterials: definitions |
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341 | (1) |
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Biomaterial classes and properties |
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342 | (2) |
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Biomaterials for orthopedic devices |
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344 | (6) |
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350 | (2) |
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Surface functionalization |
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352 | (1) |
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Adding "smartness" to orthopedic implants |
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353 | (2) |
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Bone tissue engineering and personalized orthopedic medicine |
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355 | (1) |
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356 | (5) |
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Chapter 19 Hip prosthesis: biomechanics and design |
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361 | (16) |
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361 | (1) |
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362 | (1) |
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363 | (1) |
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364 | (1) |
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365 | (2) |
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367 | (1) |
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368 | (1) |
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369 | (1) |
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369 | (1) |
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370 | (2) |
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372 | (1) |
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372 | (1) |
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373 | (1) |
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374 | (2) |
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376 | (1) |
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Chapter 20 Knee prosthesis: biomechanics and design |
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377 | (32) |
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Introduction and general concepts |
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377 | (1) |
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Cruciate retaining and posterior stabilized implants |
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377 | (3) |
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Cemented and press-fit implant |
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380 | (2) |
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Fixed- and mobile-bearing total knee arthrdblasty |
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382 | (1) |
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Implant alignment and balancing |
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383 | (2) |
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Primary and revision total knee arthroplastys |
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385 | (1) |
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Total knee arthroplasty and partial knee replacement |
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386 | (1) |
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History of total knee prosthesis design |
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387 | (1) |
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387 | (1) |
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388 | (1) |
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The first condylar implants |
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389 | (1) |
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Anatomical and functional approaches |
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389 | (2) |
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Design of a total knee replacement |
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391 | (1) |
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Why design a total knee arthroplasty today? |
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391 | (1) |
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Total knee arthroplasty design objectives, criteria, and directions |
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392 | (1) |
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393 | (2) |
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395 | (1) |
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395 | (2) |
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Patellar component design |
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397 | (1) |
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Additional total knee arthroplasty design aspects |
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397 | (1) |
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397 | (1) |
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Design of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty |
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398 | (2) |
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Design of revision total knee arthroplasty: condylar constraint knee and hinged design, stem, and augment |
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400 | (2) |
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402 | (7) |
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Chapter 21 Spinal implants: biomechanics and design |
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409 | (26) |
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Instrumented spine surgery |
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409 | (1) |
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410 | (3) |
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413 | (2) |
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415 | (1) |
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Instrumentation for deformity correction |
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416 | (3) |
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419 | (2) |
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421 | (3) |
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Dynamic stabilization and other motion-preserving implants |
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424 | (1) |
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Fatigue failure and loosening of spinal implants |
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425 | (4) |
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429 | (6) |
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Chapter 22 Shoulder prosthesis: biomechanics and design |
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435 | (24) |
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Evolution of the shoulder arthroplasty |
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435 | (5) |
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Biomechanics of the shoulder prosthesis |
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440 | (6) |
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Biomechanics of the anatomical implants |
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440 | (3) |
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Biomechanics of the reverse implants |
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443 | (3) |
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Advanced design concepts of the reverse shoulder arthroplasty |
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446 | (6) |
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447 | (1) |
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Eccentricity of the glenosphere |
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447 | (1) |
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Glenosphere medialization/lateralization |
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448 | (1) |
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449 | (2) |
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451 | (1) |
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452 | (1) |
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453 | (6) |
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Chapter 23 Devices for traumatology: biomechanics and design |
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459 | (26) |
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Orthopedic trauma and its treatment |
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459 | (3) |
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Mechanical properties of bone |
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459 | (1) |
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Device materials for surgical approaches |
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459 | (1) |
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460 | (1) |
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461 | (1) |
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Implants used for fracture fixation |
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461 | (1) |
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462 | (5) |
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462 | (3) |
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465 | (2) |
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Internal fixation---plates and screws |
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467 | (5) |
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472 | (1) |
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Effect of healing on device choice and configuration |
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473 | (2) |
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475 | (1) |
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Time-dependent properties of bone |
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475 | (4) |
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479 | (6) |
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Chapter 24 Regeneration and repair of ligaments and tendons |
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485 | (16) |
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485 | (3) |
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Tissue engineering for common tendon and ligament injuries |
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488 | (1) |
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488 | (1) |
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489 | (1) |
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490 | (2) |
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492 | (1) |
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492 | (7) |
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499 | (2) |
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Chapter 25 Biomechanical requirements for certification and quality in medical devices |
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501 | (14) |
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Certification and quality of an orthopedic medical device: requirements, regulations, laws, and procedures |
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501 | (2) |
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The role of the international standards in the certification process of an orthopedic medical device |
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503 | (3) |
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Examples on the role of standards for the demonstration of fulfillment of biomechanical requirements for an orthopedic medical device |
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506 | (1) |
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Fatigue performances of a hip prosthesis stem: analysis of the available standards for an experimental and computational approach |
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507 | (2) |
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Wear of the tibial insert of a knee prosthesis: analysis of the available standards for an experimental and computational approach |
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509 | (3) |
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Shoulder prosthesis: is the current standardization enough? |
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512 | (1) |
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Conclusion and future perspectives |
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513 | (1) |
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514 | (1) |
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Chapter 26 Clinical evaluation of orthopedic implants |
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515 | (18) |
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Overview of clinical trials of medical devices and definitions |
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515 | (4) |
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515 | (1) |
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516 | (1) |
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516 | (1) |
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Patient/subject selection |
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516 | (1) |
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Pre- and postmarketing studies |
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516 | (1) |
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Sponsored and spontaneous studies |
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517 | (1) |
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Interventional and observational studies |
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517 | (1) |
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Retrospective, prospective, and cross-sectional studies |
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518 | (1) |
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Monocentric or multicenter studies |
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518 | (1) |
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Assignment of the procedure |
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518 | (1) |
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518 | (1) |
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Classification of medical devices |
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519 | (2) |
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Invasive and noninvasive devices |
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520 | (1) |
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Temporary, short-term, and long-term devices |
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520 | (1) |
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Active implantable devices |
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520 | (1) |
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520 | (1) |
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521 | (1) |
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Competent authorities and ethics committee |
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521 | (2) |
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521 | (1) |
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National Competent Authority |
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522 | (1) |
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Institutional Review Board |
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522 | (1) |
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Other approvals and summary |
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522 | (1) |
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Premarket studies on medical devices |
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523 | (2) |
|
|
|
523 | (1) |
|
Budget for premarket studies |
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
|
|
525 | (1) |
|
Postmarketing studies on medical devices: interventional studies |
|
|
525 | (2) |
|
Study design and trial documentation |
|
|
526 | (1) |
|
|
|
526 | (1) |
|
|
|
526 | (1) |
|
Postmarketing studies on medical devices: observational studies |
|
|
527 | (1) |
|
Definition of observational study |
|
|
527 | (1) |
|
Submission package and privacy |
|
|
527 | (1) |
|
Costs for observational studies |
|
|
528 | (1) |
|
|
|
528 | (1) |
|
Clinical trials on medical devices in Europe: EU regulation (745/17) |
|
|
528 | (1) |
|
What is new in Europe with the new regulation? |
|
|
529 | (1) |
|
Ethical issues related to clinical trials in orthopedics |
|
|
529 | (1) |
|
|
|
530 | (3) |
|
Chapter 27 Computer-assisted orthopedic surgery |
|
|
533 | (24) |
|
|
|
|
|
533 | (2) |
|
Main functional components |
|
|
535 | (1) |
|
|
|
536 | (2) |
|
|
|
538 | (1) |
|
|
|
539 | (6) |
|
|
|
539 | (1) |
|
|
|
539 | (2) |
|
|
|
541 | (4) |
|
|
|
545 | (1) |
|
|
|
545 | (4) |
|
|
|
549 | (1) |
|
Biomechanically enhanced surgeries |
|
|
549 | (2) |
|
|
|
551 | (6) |
|
PART 4 APPLICATIONS IN ORTHOPAEDIC BIOMECHANICS |
|
|
|
Chapter 28 Experimental orthopedic biomechanics |
|
|
557 | (28) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Experimental tests at the organ and tissue levels |
|
|
557 | (7) |
|
|
|
557 | (3) |
|
|
|
560 | (2) |
|
Biphasic characterization of soft tissues |
|
|
562 | (2) |
|
Experimental tests on implants and prostheses |
|
|
564 | (4) |
|
|
|
564 | (2) |
|
In vivo loads on implants |
|
|
566 | (2) |
|
|
|
568 | (3) |
|
|
|
568 | (1) |
|
|
|
569 | (1) |
|
|
|
570 | (1) |
|
|
|
571 | (14) |
|
Chapter 29 Challenges in the system modeling of the musculoskeletal apparatus |
|
|
585 | (24) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
585 | (3) |
|
Why is detailed functional musculoskeletal system knowledge required today? |
|
|
586 | (1) |
|
General objectives of the research to be organized |
|
|
587 | (1) |
|
|
|
588 | (16) |
|
Challenge 1 Modeling of human bone variations using advanced multiple regression algorithms |
|
|
588 | (4) |
|
Challenge 2 Multiscale modeling on muscle architecture |
|
|
592 | (3) |
|
Challenge 3 Multiorgan integration and system modeling of musculoskeletal system components |
|
|
595 | (4) |
|
Challenge 4 Simulation of the musculoskeletal system mechanical properties and system model validation |
|
|
599 | (5) |
|
|
|
604 | (1) |
|
|
|
605 | (4) |
|
Chapter 30 Measuring joint kinematics through instrumented motion analysis |
|
|
609 | (14) |
|
|
|
|
|
609 | (1) |
|
Some first basic definitions, principles, and assumptions |
|
|
610 | (1) |
|
The optical motion analysis system |
|
|
610 | (2) |
|
From tracking markers to tracking body segments |
|
|
612 | (2) |
|
From tracking body segments to calculating joint kinematics |
|
|
614 | (2) |
|
Sources of error and variability |
|
|
616 | (2) |
|
|
|
618 | (1) |
|
|
|
619 | (4) |
|
Chapter 31 Measurement of joint kinematics utilising video-fluoroscopy |
|
|
623 | (14) |
|
Alexander Cleveland Breen |
|
|
|
|
623 | (1) |
|
|
|
623 | (1) |
|
|
|
624 | (3) |
|
|
|
625 | (1) |
|
|
|
626 | (1) |
|
Safety and protection during a fluoroscopic acquisition |
|
|
627 | (1) |
|
Why use fluoroscopy for mechanical measurements? |
|
|
628 | (1) |
|
Skin surface measurements |
|
|
628 | (1) |
|
|
|
629 | (1) |
|
Manual versus automated tracking |
|
|
629 | (1) |
|
|
|
629 | (2) |
|
Clinical biomechanics utility/joint motion |
|
|
631 | (1) |
|
|
|
632 | (1) |
|
|
|
633 | (2) |
|
|
|
635 | (2) |
|
Chapter 32 Finite element analysis in orthopedic biomechanics |
|
|
637 | (22) |
|
|
|
Finite element analysis as a method |
|
|
637 | (1) |
|
General considerations for conducting FEA |
|
|
637 | (2) |
|
Mesh convergence analysis and model validation |
|
|
638 | (1) |
|
|
|
639 | (12) |
|
|
|
639 | (1) |
|
|
|
640 | (1) |
|
|
|
641 | (2) |
|
|
|
643 | (2) |
|
Mesh convergence analysis |
|
|
645 | (2) |
|
|
|
647 | (4) |
|
|
|
651 | (2) |
|
|
|
653 | (1) |
|
|
|
653 | (6) |
|
Chapter 33 Rigid-body and musculoskeletal models |
|
|
659 | (22) |
|
|
|
|
|
659 | (1) |
|
Fundaments of rigid-body and musculoskeletal modeling |
|
|
659 | (4) |
|
|
|
663 | (3) |
|
|
|
663 | (1) |
|
|
|
664 | (1) |
|
|
|
665 | (1) |
|
Human---bicycle interaction model |
|
|
666 | (11) |
|
|
|
667 | (2) |
|
|
|
669 | (2) |
|
Analysis of human---bicycle dynamics |
|
|
671 | (3) |
|
|
|
674 | (3) |
|
|
|
677 | (1) |
|
|
|
678 | (3) |
|
Chapter 34 The use of computational models in orthopedic biomechanical research |
|
|
681 | (32) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
681 | (1) |
|
|
|
682 | (2) |
|
The healthy and degenerated hip joint |
|
|
683 | (1) |
|
|
|
684 | (1) |
|
|
|
684 | (3) |
|
The healthy and degenerative knee joint |
|
|
685 | (2) |
|
|
|
687 | (1) |
|
|
|
687 | (5) |
|
The healthy and degenerated spine |
|
|
688 | (2) |
|
|
|
690 | (2) |
|
|
|
692 | (2) |
|
The healthy and degenerated shoulder joint |
|
|
692 | (1) |
|
Shoulder joint replacement |
|
|
693 | (1) |
|
|
|
694 | (4) |
|
The healthy and degenerated ankle joint |
|
|
695 | (1) |
|
|
|
696 | (2) |
|
Verification, validation, and calibration of orthopedic computational models |
|
|
698 | (2) |
|
|
|
700 | (1) |
|
|
|
700 | (1) |
|
|
|
701 | (1) |
|
|
|
702 | (11) |
| Index |
|
713 | |
