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E-raamat: International Transactions in Goods: Global Sales in Comparative Context [Oxford Scholarship Online e-raamatud]

Martin Davies (Admiralty Law Institute Professor of Maritime Law and Director, Maritime Law Center, Tulane University Law School), David V. Snyder (Professor of Law; Director, Business Law Program, American University, Washington College of Law)

Formaat: 478 pages
Ilmumisaeg: 17-Jul-2014
Kirjastus: Oxford University Press Inc
ISBN-13: 9780195388183

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Oxford Scholarship Online e-raamatud
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Formaat: 478 pages
Ilmumisaeg: 17-Jul-2014
Kirjastus: Oxford University Press Inc
ISBN-13: 9780195388183

Teised raamatud teemal:

Rohkem infot Oxford Scholarship Online e-raamatute kohta

Raamatu kodulehekülg: http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195388183.001.0001/acprof-9780195388183

International Transactions in Goods: Global Sales in Comparative Contextexplains the complex transactional structures common in international sales, from both an international and a domestic legal perspective. In a straightforward, accessible style, this course book sets out typical business models and commercial practices, including sample legal and commercial documents, and outlining the laws that govern them. Closely attuned to practice, this course book covers transactions on a commercial scale and gives full treatment not only to legal topics, but also payment, security, carriage, and insurance, addressing both traditional topics such as letters of credit, bills of lading, and the Incoterms, as well as modern practices like electronic funds transfers, and waybills. Martin Davies and David V. Snyder emphasize the strategic questions that lawyers and businesses face when negotiating and documenting deals, and when litigating transactions that have gone awry. As many of the strategies revolve around choice of governing law, the book treats not only international law, particularly the UN Convention on the International Sales of Goods (CISG), but also exemplary domestic laws from both common law and civil law jurisdictions, including the US Uniform Commercial Code (UCC), English law, French law, and German law.

This book is designed to be accessible to students and readers of all levels, whether from common law or civil law backgrounds, by providing basic explanations of fundamental theories and attitudes in international law, common law, civil law, and international business. The format includes the methods of different traditions, with extensive text familiar to civil law readers, case excerpts familiar to common law readers, and a large array of problems-based on real cases and transactions-to demonstrate the concepts and to practice and evaluate what has been learned. The book also tackles current ethical and moral issues in international transactions, particularly the relation of law and contracting to environmental protection, workers' rights, and similar matters.

Acknowledgments

xiii

Preface

xvii

1 An Introduction to International Sales Transactions and the Laws Governing Them

(38)

I International Sales Transactions: Goods, Payments, and Businesses

(7)

A The Goods

(1)

B Payment

(4)

C Business Models

(1)

II A Sample Transaction

(14)

A Introduction

(2)

B The Transaction Continues (Part 1)

(2)

C The Transaction Continues (Part 2)

(7)

D A Variation to the Transaction

(2)

E Possible Future for the Transaction

(1)

III Commodity Trading

(4)

IV Different Sources of Law, Different Legal Methods, and Different Legal Cultures

(9)

A Public Law and Private Law

(1)

B Comparative Law

(5)

C International Law

(3)

V Public Law Issues

(4)

2 Governing Law

(34)

I Introduction

(3)

II When Does the CISG Apply?

(22)

A The Location of the Parties

(1)

1 General

(1)

McDowell Valley Vineyards, Inc. v. Sabate USA Inc.

(4)

2 Hong Kong and Macau, Two Special Cases

(1)

B What Are Goods?

(1)

1 Goods in General

(1)

2 Intangible Items and Software

(2)

3 Crops, Timber, and Mineral Resources

(1)

4 Hybrid Service Contracts

(1)

5 Framework and Distributorship Contracts

(1)

Amco Ukrservice v. American Meter Co.

(2)

C What Is a Sale?

(1)

D Applying National Law Even When the CISG Governs

(1)

1 Filling the Gaps in the CISG

(2)

2 The Validity Exception

(2)

Norfolk Southern Ry. Co. v. Power Source Supply, Inc.

(2)

3 Preemption and Domestic/National Law Claims Not Based on Contract

(1)

Electrocraft Arkansas, Inc. v. Super Electric Motors Ltd.

(3)

III Contracting Out of the CISG

(2)

BP Oil International Ltd. v. Empresa Estatal Petroleos de Ecuador

(2)

IV Application of the UCC to International Sales

(2)

MWL Brasil Rodas & Eixos Ltda v. K-IV Enterprises LLC

(1)

V Neutral Third Country Law

(5)

3 Negotiation, Formation, Terms, and Interpretation

(112)

I Introduction

(1)

II Negotiation

(15)

III Formation

(50)

A Reaching Agreement through Offer and Acceptance

(1)

1 The Offer

(6)

Standard Software Case

(5)

Eastern Air Lines, Inc. v. Gulf Oil Corp.

101

(3)

2 Firm Offers

104

(7)

3 Acceptance

111

(7)

B Beyond Offer and Acceptance

118

(1)

1 Battle of the Forms

118

(7)

Filanto, S.p.A. v. Chilewich International Corp.

125

(8)

Powdered Milk Case

133

(5)

2 Commercial Letters of Confirmation

138

(1)

IV Modifications of the Sales Contract

139

(6)

Chateau des Charmes Wines Ltd. v. Sabate USA Inc.

142

(3)

V Formal Matters

145

(11)

A Writing Requirements (or Not): The (Anti) Statute of Frauds

145

(1)

Forestal Guarani S.A.v. Daros International, Inc.

146

(8)

B Writings and Their Electronic Equivalents

154

(1)

C Consideration

155

(1)

VI Terms of the Contract and Contract Interpretation

156

(24)

A The Effect of Writings: The (Anti) Parol Evidence Rule

157

(4)

B Subjective and Objective Intent

161

(1)

MCC-Marble Ceramic Center, Inc. v. Ceramica Nuova D'Agostino, S.P.A.

162

(8)

ECEM European Chemical Marketing B.V. v. Purolite Co.

170

(4)

C Interpretation: Understanding What the Parties Understand

174

(4)

D Interpretation: Filling True Gaps in the Parties' Agreement

178

(2)

VII Standard Terms (da capo al fine)

180

(5)

Golden Valley Grape Juice & Wine, LLC v. Centrisys Corp.

180

(5)

4 The Goods

185

(60)

I Introduction: Four Key Terms about the Goods Themselves

185

(3)

II The Express Requirements of the Contract

188

(6)

A The Truly Express Term

188

(2)

B An Assurance through Custom and Practice

190

(1)

C An Assurance by Sample or Model

190

(1)

Delchi Carrier SpA v. Rotorex Corporation

191

(3)

III Suitability of the Goods

194

(15)

A The Basic Concept: Fitness for the Ordinary Purpose

194

(1)

B Marketable, Average or Reasonable Quality? And What about the Buyer's Purpose?

195

(1)

Condensate Crude Oil Mix Case

196

(10)

C Territorial Fitness: Suitable for Use Where?

206

(1)

The Mussels Case

206

(1)

Medical Marketing International, Inc. v. Internazionale Medico Scientifica, S.R.L.

207

(2)

IV Products Liability

209

(3)

V Notice of Nonconformity

212

(20)

A Reasonable Notice

213

(1)

CME Cooperative Maritime Etaploise S.A.C.V v. Bos Fishproducts URK BV (The Rotten Fish Case)

213

(1)

Chicago Prime Packers, Inc. v. Northam Food Trading Co.

214

(4)

Shuttle Packaging Systems v. INA Plastics Corp.

218

(2)

Beijing Light Automobile Co., Ltd. v. Connell Limited Partnership

220

(7)

Condensate Crude Oil Mix Case

227

(1)

B Burden of Proof

228

(1)

Schmitz-Werke GmbH & Co. v. Rockland Industries, Inc.

228

(3)

C Failure of Notice: Bar, Absent Buyer's “r;Reasonable Excuse”r; or Seller's Knowledge or Waiver

231

(1)

Acrylic Blankets Case

231

(1)

VI Buyer's Lack of Reliance

232

(1)

VII Disclaimer of Warranties and Other Assurances, with Comparative Notes on Domestic Laws

233

(3)

VIII Beyond the Goods, beyond the Statutes, beyond the Treaty: Quality Assurance Processes, Human Rights Protections, Environmentalism, and Other Issues

236

(9)

5 Delivery and the Passing of Risk

245

(26)

I Introduction

245

(3)

II Contractual Delivery and the Passing of Risk

248

(17)

A Incoterms 2010* and the Passing of Risk

248

(1)

BP Oil International Ltd. v. Empresa Estatal Petroleos de Ecuador

249

(5)

B Default Provision the CISG on Delivery and the Passing of Risk

254

(1)

Chicago Prime Packers, Inc. v. Northam Food Trading Co.

254

(1)

Case No. VIII ZR 67/04 (The Frozen Pork Case)

255

(2)

C Default Provisions in the UCC on Delivery and the Passing of Risk

257

(1)

Pestana v. Karinol Corp.

257

(3)

Larsen v. A.C. Carpenter, Inc.

260

(1)

Buenger v. Pruden

261

(2)

D Foreign Domestic Law: The Example of the United Kingdom

263

(1)

Stora Enso Oyj v. Port of Dundee

263

(2)

III Physical Delivery to the Buyer

265

(6)

Allied Chemical International Corp. v. Companhia Navegacao Lloyd Brasileiro

266

(5)

6 Payments, Credit, and Performance Guarantees

271

(50)

I Introduction

271

(2)

II Documentary Collections

273

(8)

Inox Wares Pvt. Ltd. v. Interchange Bank

277

(4)

III Letters of Credit

281

(32)

A How the Credit Works, UCP 600, and UCC Article 5

281

(5)

B Strict Compliance and Strict Preclusion

286

(4)

Beyene v. Irving Trust Co.

290

(2)

Boston Hides & Furs, Ltd. v. Sumitomo Bank, Ltd.

292

(3)

Voest-Alpine Trading USA Corp. v. Bank of China

295

(3)

C The Independence or Autonomy Principle and the Fraud Exception

298

(2)

Mid-America Tire, Inc. v. PTZ Trading Ltd.

300

(11)

D Standby Letters of Credit as a Means of Securing Performance

311

(2)

IV Deferred Payment

313

(8)

A Time Drafts, Bills of Exchange, and Deferred Payment Letters of Credit

313

(4)

B The Fraud Exception and Deferred Payment

317

(4)

7 Excused Performance When Circumstances Change

321

(26)

I Introduction

321

(5)

United Aluminum Corp. v. BOC Group, Inc.

323

(3)

II Relief Under the CISG for Performance Prevented by “r;Impediment”r;

326

(10)

A Introduction

326

(1)

B Impediment

327

(1)

Raw Materials, Inc. v. Manfred Forberich G.m.b.H. & Co., K.G.

328

(4)

C Hardship as Impediment

332

(2)

D Nonconforming Goods and Supply Failures

334

(1)

Case No. VIII ZR 121/98 (The Vine Wax Case)

335

(1)

III Relief Under the UCC When Performance Becomes “r;Impracticable”r;

336

(5)

Transatlantic Financing Corp. v. United States

337

(4)

IV Force Majeure and Hardship Clauses

341

(6)

Macalloy Corp. v. Metallurg, Inc.

344

(1)

Harriscom Svenska, A.B. v. Harris Corp.

344

(3)

8 Remedies

347

(114)

I Introduction

347

(4)

A Remedies as the Crux of the Contract

347

(1)

B Some Basic Concepts in the Structure of Remedies

348

(3)

II Remedies at the Performance Stage

351

(16)

A Suspension of Performance and Adequate Assurances

351

(3)

B Anticipatory Repudiation and Its Relation to Suspension of Performance and Adequate Assurances

354

(3)

Magellan International Corp. v. Salzgitter Handel GmbH

357

(3)

C Cure, Plus a Word on the Nachfrist Notice

360

(7)

III Ending the Contract

367

(31)

A Avoidance under the CISG

367

(1)

1 Fundamental Breach

367

(1)

Rynpoort Trading & Transport NV v. Meneba Meel Wormerveer B.V.

368

(4)

2 Delayed Performance, Nonperformance, and Nachfrist Notice

372

(2)

Valero Marketing & Supply Co. v. Greeni Oy

374

(5)

3 Notes on German and French Law

379

(2)

4 Installment Sales under Article 73

381

(3)

5 Short Deliveries and Partially Conforming Deliveries under Article 51

384

(2)

Italian Shoes Case

386

(1)

6 The Relation among Cure, Fundamental Breach, and Avoidance

387

(2)

Designer Clothes Case

389

(2)

7 Effects of Avoidance

391

(1)

B Cancellation under the UCC

391

(1)

C Ending the Contract under French Law and German Law

392

(6)

IV Performance as a Remedy

398

(15)

A Comparative Law: Such a Great Divide?

398

(1)

1 Domestic Law in the United States

399

(2)

2 The Performance Remedy in French Law

401

(1)

3 The Performance Remedy under German Law

402

(3)

B Functional, Practical, and Strategic Aspects of the Performance Remedy

405

(1)

1 The Reality of a Damages Preference across Legal Systems

405

(1)

2 Efficient Breach and Its Relation to Performance Remedies

406

(2)

C Comparative Conclusions on the Performance Remedy

408

(1)

D Performance Remedies under the CISG

409

(1)

Magellan International Corp. v. Salzgitter Handel GmbH

410

(3)

V Monetary Remedies

413

(36)

A Damages

413

(1)

1 The CISG and the UCC

413

(8)

Delchi Carrier SpA v. Rotorex Corp.

421

(16)

2 German Law and French Law on Fault and Damages

437

(4)

B Price Reduction

441

(4)

C Interest and Attorneys' Fees

445

(2)

Zapata Hermanos Sucesores, S.A. v. Hearthside Baking Co.

447

(2)

VI The Place of the Goods Themselves in the Remedies Scheme: Security Interests and Preservation Duties

449

(4)

VII Contractual Remedies

453

(8)

Table of Statutes

461

(8)

Table of Cases

469

(6)

Index

475

Martin Davies is the Admiralty Law Institute Professor of Maritime Law and Director of the Maritime Law Center at Tulane University Law School. He has taught maritime law, international trade law, and international dispute resolution in five different countries, and has lectured in many more. He has extensive experience as a consultant to law firms in several different countries, advising on many practical aspects of international commercial transactions.

David V. Snyder is Professor of Law and Director of the Business Law Program at American University Washington College of Law. He has taught common law and civil law courses including contracts, sales, secured transactions, bankruptcy, payment systems, international sales, civil law obligations, civil law sales and leases, and electronic commerce.

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