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E-raamat: Introduction to Cosmology

(Ohio State University)
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 17-Nov-2016
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781316889848
  • Formaat - PDF+DRM
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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 17-Nov-2016
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781316889848

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"The second edition of Introduction to Cosmology is an exciting update of this award-winning textbook. It is aimed primarily at advanced undergraduate students in physics and astronomy, but is also useful as a supplementary text at higher levels. It explains modern cosmological concepts, such as dark energy, in the context of the Big Bang theory. Its clear, lucid writing style, with a wealth of useful everyday analogies, makes it exceptionally engaging. Emphasis is placed on the links between theoreticalconcepts of cosmology and the observable properties of the universe, building deeper physical insights in the reader. The second edition includes recent observational results, fuller descriptions of special and general relativity, expanded discussions ofdark energy, and a new chapter on baryonic matter that makes up stars and galaxies. It is an ideal textbook for the era of precision cosmology in the accelerating universe"--

Arvustused

'This is an excellent textbook, with a clear and pedagogical presentation, which perfectly fills a gap between other introductory books available at either much more basic or much more advanced levels. The easy-to-read style, focus on physics concepts, and self-contained derivations make the book easy to follow. It works well for advanced undergraduates or beginning graduate students, who will come away with a solid and comprehensive understanding of modern cosmology. The additions in this Second Edition, such as galaxy formation and baryon acoustic oscillations, are valuable and bring the book even more up-to-date.' Zoltán Haiman, Columbia University 'Barbara Ryden writes in a very clear and engaging style. This transparency has inspired many undergraduate science majors in my cosmology class to pursue additional coursework and research in astrophysics. The addition of new material on the baryonic component of the universe links cosmology to many modern research topics in astrophysics.' Crystal Martin, University of California, Santa Barbara 'I am delighted that a second edition of Barbara Ryden's Introduction to Cosmology is now available. With the addition of a second chapter on structure formation, the book paints an elegant mathematical picture of the evolution of the Universe from the Big Bang to the formation of stars. Ryden does a masterful job of paring cosmology down to its most fundamental elements and presenting complex topics with exceptional clarity. The conversational style of the text, the imaginative analogies, and the emphasis placed on developing students' conceptual understanding combine to make this book one of the best upper-level astronomy texts available.' Christy Tremonti, University of Wisconsin, Madison 'Barbara Ryden's Introduction to Cosmology is now published in a second edition, following the well-received first edition of 2002 This is a course book for physics students; its approach is quantitative and the basic equations and mathematical descriptions are extensively outlined from first principles in all the areas covered. Those equations that are not derived are quoted in such a way as to be understood Without this, of course, cosmology cannot be usefully studied The style of writing is efficient, while being pleasant and clear, and the explanations are on the whole of a high quality in their attention to the level of detail that is needed for a genuine understanding of the arguments. This is a highly recommendable textbook that deserves to be widely taken up in university courses in physics and astronomy.' Peter J. Bussey, Contemporary Physics ' Ryden avoids oversimplification while covering all topics at about the same level, appropriate for an undergraduate course in cosmology, although the last two chapters on structural formation go somewhat beyond that. The mixture of narrative and equations is very close to a lecture course, and the book is well written. Complicated topics such as cosmological distances and horizons are presented briefly, but correctly. The editing is much better than average There are a few black-and-white figures throughout the text. Each chapter ends with a handful of exercises, solutions to which are available to those using the book for a course. The main text is followed by a table of useful constants and a five-page small-print index. this book is highly recommended ' Phillip Helbig, The Observatory

Muu info

A substantial update of this award-winning and highly regarded cosmology textbook, for advanced undergraduates in physics and astronomy.
Preface xi
1 Introduction
1(5)
2 Fundamental Observations
6(21)
2.1 The Night Sky is Dark
6(3)
2.2 The Universe is Isotropic and Homogeneous
9(3)
2.3 Redshift is Proportional to Distance
12(6)
2.4 Different Types of Particles
18(5)
2.5 Cosmic Microwave Background
23(4)
Exercises
25(2)
3 Newton versus Einstein
27(22)
3.1 The Way of Newton
28(1)
3.2 The Special Way of Einstein
29(5)
3.3 The General Way of Einstein
34(3)
3.4 Describing Curvature
37(4)
3.5 The Robertson--Walker Metric
41(2)
3.6 Proper Distance
43(6)
Exercises
47(2)
4 Cosmic Dynamics
49(20)
4.1 Einstein's Field Equation
50(2)
4.2 The Friedmann Equation
52(6)
4.3 The Fluid and Acceleration Equations
58(2)
4.4 Equations of State
60(3)
4.5 Learning to Love Lambda
63(6)
Exercises
67(2)
5 Model Universes
69(33)
5.1 Evolution of Energy Density
69(5)
5.2 Empty Universes
74(3)
5.3 Single-component Universes
77(7)
5.3.1 Matter only
80(1)
5.3.2 Radiation only
81(2)
5.3.3 Lambda only
83(1)
5.4 Multiple-component Universes
84(12)
5.4.1 Matter + Curvature
86(4)
5.4.2 Matter + Lambda
90(2)
5.4.3 Matter + Curvature + Lambda
92(3)
5.4.4 Radiation + Matter
95(1)
5.5 Benchmark Model
96(6)
Exercises
100(2)
6 Measuring Cosmological Parameters
102(21)
6.1 "A Search for Two Numbers"
102(4)
6.2 Luminosity Distance
106(4)
6.3 Angular-diameter Distance
110(4)
6.4 Standard Candles and H0
114(2)
6.5 Standard Candles and Acceleration
116(7)
Exercises
121(2)
7 Dark Matter
123(19)
7.1 Visible Matter
123(5)
7.2 Dark Matter in Galaxies
128(2)
7.3 Dark Matter in Clusters
130(5)
7.4 Gravitational Lensing
135(4)
7.5 What's the Matter?
139(3)
Exercises
140(2)
8 The Cosmic Microwave Background
142(24)
8.1 Observing the CMB
143(4)
8.2 Recombination and Decoupling
147(3)
8.3 The Physics of Recombination
150(7)
8.4 Temperature Fluctuations
157(2)
8.5 What Causes the Fluctuations?
159(7)
Exercises
164(2)
9 Nucleosynthesis and the Early Universe
166(19)
9.1 Nuclear Physics and Cosmology
167(2)
9.2 Neutrons and Protons
169(5)
9.3 Deuterium Synthesis
174(3)
9.4 Beyond Deuterium
177(4)
9.5 Baryon--Antibaryon Asymmetry
181(4)
Exercises
183(2)
10 Inflation and the Very Early Universe
185(19)
10.1 The Flatness Problem
186(1)
10.2 The Horizon Problem
187(2)
10.3 The Monopole Problem
189(3)
10.4 The Inflation Solution
192(5)
10.5 The Physics of Inflation
197(7)
Exercises
202(2)
11 Structure Formation: Gravitational Instability
204(28)
11.1 The Matthew Effect
206(3)
11.2 The Jeans Length
209(4)
11.3 Instability in an Expanding Universe
213(4)
11.4 The Power Spectrum
217(4)
11.5 Hot versus Cold
221(5)
11.6 Baryon Acoustic Oscillations
226(6)
Exercises
230(2)
12 Structure Formation: Baryons and Photons
232(24)
12.1 Baryonic Matter Today
233(2)
12.2 Reionization of Hydrogen
235(3)
12.3 The First Stars and Quasars
238(4)
12.4 Making Galaxies
242(6)
12.5 Making Stars
248(8)
Exercises
254(2)
Epilogue 256(2)
Table of Useful Constants 258(1)
Index 259
Barbara Ryden received her PhD in astrophysical sciences from Princeton University, New Jersey in 1987. After postdocs at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics and the Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, she joined the astronomy faculty at the Ohio State University, where she is now a full professor. She has over twenty years of experience in teaching, at levels ranging from introductory undergraduate courses to advanced graduate seminars. She won the Chambliss Astronomical Writing Award for the first edition of Introduction to Cosmology (2002), and is the co-author, with Bradley Peterson, of Foundations of Astrophysics (2010).