| Preface |
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xvii | |
| Chapter 1 Geography: An Exploration of Connections |
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1 | (62) |
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Where Is It? Why Is It There? Why Does It Matter? |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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Physical Geography and Human Geography |
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3 | (1) |
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Geographers' Visual Tools |
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4 | (4) |
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4 | (4) |
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Geographic Information Science (GISc) |
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7 | (1) |
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The Detective Work Of Photo Interpretation |
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8 | (4) |
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9 | (3) |
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9 | (3) |
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Geographic Themes in This Book |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (7) |
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Landforms: The Sculpting of Earth |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (2) |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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Temperature and Air Pressure |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (4) |
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19 | (13) |
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Human Impact on the Biosphere |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (3) |
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Drivers of Global Climate Change |
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22 | (5) |
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22 | (4) |
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Vulnerability to Climate Change |
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26 | (1) |
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Responding to Climate Change |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (2) |
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Calculating Water Use per Capita |
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27 | (1) |
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Water: Who Gets Access to It? Who Owns It? |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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29 | (3) |
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Agriculture: Early Human Impacts on the Physical Environment |
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30 | (1) |
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Agriculture and Its Consequences |
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30 | (1) |
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Modern Food Production and Food Security |
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30 | (2) |
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Globalization And Development |
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32 | (8) |
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33 | (1) |
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What Is the Global Economy? |
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33 | (2) |
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The Debate over Globalization and Free Trade |
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35 | (2) |
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Measuring Economic Development |
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37 | (1) |
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Geographic Patterns of Human Well-Being |
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38 | (1) |
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Sustainable Development and Political Ecology |
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38 | (2) |
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40 | (5) |
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40 | (1) |
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What Factors Encourage the Expansion of Political Freedoms? |
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41 | (1) |
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41 | (3) |
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International Cooperation |
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44 | (1) |
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45 | (3) |
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45 | (3) |
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45 | (3) |
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48 | (7) |
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Global Patterns of Population Growth |
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48 | (1) |
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Global Variations in Population Density and Growth |
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49 | (1) |
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49 | (2) |
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Population Growth Rates and Wealth |
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51 | (2) |
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53 | (2) |
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53 | (1) |
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53 | (2) |
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55 | (8) |
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Ethnicity and Culture: Slippery Concepts |
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55 | (1) |
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55 | (1) |
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Religion and Belief Systems |
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56 | (2) |
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58 | (5) |
| Chapter 2 North America |
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63 | (68) |
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65 | (3) |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (2) |
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68 | (7) |
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Climate Change and Air Pollution |
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68 | (2) |
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Vulnerability to Climate Change |
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68 | (2) |
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70 | (1) |
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Water Resource Depletion, Pollution, and Marketization |
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70 | (2) |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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Loss of Natural Habitat and Urbanization |
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72 | (1) |
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72 | (2) |
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74 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (4) |
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The Peopling of North America |
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75 | (1) |
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The Original Settling of North America |
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75 | (1) |
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The Arrival of the Europeans |
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75 | (1) |
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Disease, Technology, and Native Americans |
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75 | (1) |
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The European Transformation |
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75 | (2) |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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The Mid-Atlantic Economic Core |
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77 | (1) |
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Expansion West of the Mississippi and Great Lakes |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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The Mountain West and Pacific Coast |
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78 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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European Settlement and American Indians and Aboriginal Peoples |
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78 | (1) |
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The Changing Regional Composition of North America |
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79 | (1) |
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Globalization And Development |
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79 | (8) |
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The Decline in Manufacturing Employment |
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79 | (1) |
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Growth of the Service Sector |
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80 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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Globalization and Free Trade |
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80 | (2) |
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The Asian Link to Globalization |
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82 | (1) |
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IT Jobs Face New Competition from Developing Countries |
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82 | (1) |
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Repercussions of the Global Economic Downturn Beginning in 2007 |
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82 | (1) |
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Economic Interdependencies |
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83 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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North America's Changing Food-Production Systems |
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83 | (4) |
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Family Farms Give Way to Agribusiness |
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83 | (2) |
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Food Production and Sustainability |
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85 | (2) |
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Changing Transportation Networks and the North American Economy |
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87 | (1) |
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87 | (9) |
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The Expansion of Political Freedoms in the United States and Canada |
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87 | (1) |
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Political Disillusionment and the Role of Money in Politics |
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88 | (1) |
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Debt and Politics in the United States |
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88 | (1) |
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Influence of the U.S. and Canada Abroad |
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88 | (1) |
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Challenges to the United States' Global Power |
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89 | (1) |
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Relationships Between Canada and the United States |
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89 | (7) |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (2) |
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Democratic Systems of Government: Shared Ideals, Different Trajectories |
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92 | (1) |
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The Social Safety Net: Canadian and U.S. Approaches |
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93 | (1) |
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Gender in National Politics |
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93 | (1) |
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Drugs and Politics in North America |
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94 | (1) |
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The Failures of the War on Drugs |
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95 | (1) |
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New Approaches to Managing Drugs |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (4) |
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Farmland and Urban Sprawl |
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98 | (2) |
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Smart Growth and Livability |
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99 | (1) |
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Inner City Decay, Housing Segregation, and Redlining |
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100 | (1) |
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100 | (3) |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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The Geography of Population Change in North America |
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102 | (1) |
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103 | (9) |
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Immigration and Diversity |
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103 | (3) |
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Why Do People Decide to Immigrate to North America? |
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104 | (1) |
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Do New Immigrants Cost U.S. Taxpayers Too Much Money? |
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104 | (1) |
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Do Immigrants Take Jobs Away from U.S. Citizens? |
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105 | (1) |
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Are Too Many Immigrants Being Admitted to the United States? |
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105 | (1) |
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Why Are So Many Unaccompanied Children Coming as Illegal Immigrants? |
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106 | (1) |
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Race and Ethnicity in North America |
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106 | (2) |
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Extending Equal Opportunity |
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106 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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108 | (1) |
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108 | (1) |
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The Geography of Christian Subgroups |
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108 | (1) |
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The Relationship Between Religion and Politics |
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109 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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The Nuclear Family Becomes a Shaky Norm |
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110 | (1) |
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The Current Diversity of North American Family Types |
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110 | (1) |
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Geographic Patterns of Human Well-Being |
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110 | (2) |
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Subregions Of North America |
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112 | (19) |
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New England and the Atlantic Provinces |
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112 | (2) |
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The Past Lives in the Present |
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112 | (1) |
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Strong and Diverse Human Resources |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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Origins of French Settlement |
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114 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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115 | (2) |
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Loss of Economic Dominance |
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115 | (1) |
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The Impact of the Economic Decline on People |
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115 | (2) |
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The American South (The Southeast) |
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117 | (1) |
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Multiple Images Characterize the South |
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117 | (1) |
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Poverty Persists for Some, But Return Black Migration Is a Boon |
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117 | (1) |
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The Great Plains Breadbasket |
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118 | (3) |
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Adapting to the Challenges of the Great Plains |
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119 | (1) |
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Globalization Impacts in the Great Plains |
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120 | (1) |
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Changing Population Patterns and Land Use in the Great Plains |
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120 | (1) |
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Connecting Bees, Global Corn, the Northern Plains, and Almond Groves in California |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (2) |
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121 | (1) |
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Native Americans and Aboriginal Peoples |
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121 | (2) |
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123 | (1) |
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123 | (1) |
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123 | (2) |
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Older Extractive Industries |
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123 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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Southern California and The Southwest |
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125 | (10) |
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Agriculture, Energy, Transportation, and Information Service Industries |
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125 | (1) |
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Water: Scarcities and Disparities of Access |
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126 | (1) |
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Cultural and Economic Interests Shared with Mexico |
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126 | (1) |
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Contentious Border Issues |
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127 | (4) |
| Chapter 3 Middle and South America |
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131 | (64) |
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135 | (4) |
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135 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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136 | (3) |
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Temperature-Altitude Zones |
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136 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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136 | (3) |
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139 | (5) |
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Tropical Forests, Climate Change, and Globalization |
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139 | (2) |
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Integrating Environmental Protection with Economic Development |
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141 | (1) |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (2) |
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144 | (4) |
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The Peopling of Middle and South America |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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A Global Exchange of Crops and Animals |
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146 | (1) |
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The Legacy of Underdevelopment |
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147 | (1) |
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Globalization And Development |
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148 | (9) |
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Economic Inequality and Income Disparity |
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149 | (4) |
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Phases of Economic Development |
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149 | (4) |
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The Current Era of International Trade and Investment |
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153 | (4) |
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153 | (1) |
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153 | (1) |
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Regional Trade and Trade Agreements |
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153 | (1) |
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Food Production and Development |
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154 | (3) |
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157 | (4) |
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The Drug Trade, Conflict, and Legalization |
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157 | (2) |
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Foreign Involvement in the Region's Politics |
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159 | (1) |
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Cuba in the Cold War and Post-Cold War Eras |
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160 | (1) |
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Recent Revolutionary Movements |
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160 | (1) |
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160 | (1) |
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Brazil's Landless Movement |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (4) |
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161 | (4) |
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Urban Landscapes and Planning |
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161 | (3) |
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164 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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165 | (3) |
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165 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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166 | (2) |
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168 | (4) |
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169 | (1) |
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169 | (1) |
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The Family and Gender Roles |
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170 | (1) |
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170 | (1) |
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Religion in Contemporary Life |
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170 | (2) |
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171 | (1) |
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Subregions Of Middle And South America |
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172 | (23) |
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172 | (4) |
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Political, Social, and Economic Change |
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172 | (1) |
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Cuba and Puerto Rico Compared |
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173 | (1) |
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Haiti and Barbados Compared |
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174 | (2) |
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176 | (2) |
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Formal and Informal Economies |
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177 | (1) |
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Geographic Distribution of Economic Sectors |
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177 | (1) |
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The Maquiladora Phenomenon |
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177 | (1) |
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Migration from the Mexican Perspective |
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178 | (1) |
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178 | (3) |
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Social and Economic Conditions |
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178 | (2) |
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The Exceptions: Costa Rica and Panama |
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180 | (1) |
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Environmental Concerns in Central America |
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180 | (1) |
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Decades of Civil Conflict |
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181 | (1) |
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The Central America Free Trade Association (CAFTA) |
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181 | (1) |
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The Northern Andes and Caribbean Coast of South America |
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181 | (3) |
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182 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (2) |
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184 | (1) |
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Climate Change, Water, and Development Issues |
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184 | (1) |
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Agricultural Restoration in the Peruvian Highlands |
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185 | (1) |
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Social Inequalities, Exports, and Social Unrest |
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185 | (1) |
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186 | (2) |
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The Economies of the Southern Cone |
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186 | (2) |
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Buenos Aires: A Primate City |
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188 | (1) |
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188 | (10) |
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Brazil's Size and Varied Topography |
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189 | (1) |
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Managing Brazil's Large and Varied Economy |
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190 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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191 | (4) |
| Chapter 4 Europe |
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195 | (66) |
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198 | (3) |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (2) |
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201 | (7) |
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European Leadership in Response to Global Climate Change |
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201 | (2) |
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Europe's Vulnerability to Climate Change |
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201 | (1) |
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201 | (2) |
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Changes in Transportation |
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203 | (1) |
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Europe's Impact on the Biosphere |
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203 | (5) |
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Europe's Energy Resources |
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206 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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Freshwater and Seawater Pollution |
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206 | (1) |
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The Wide Reach of Europe's Environmental Impact |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (7) |
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Sources of European Culture |
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208 | (1) |
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The Inequalities of Feudalism |
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209 | (1) |
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The Role of Early Urbanization in the Transformation of Europe |
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209 | (1) |
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European Colonialism: The Founding and Acceleration of Globalization |
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209 | (1) |
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Urban-Based Revolutions in Industry and Politics |
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210 | (2) |
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The Industrial Revolution |
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212 | (1) |
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Urbanization, Industrialization, and Political Change |
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212 | (2) |
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212 | (1) |
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Popular Democracy and Nationalism |
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213 | (1) |
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Democracy and the Welfare State |
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213 | (1) |
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Two World Wars and Their Aftermath |
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214 | (1) |
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214 | (1) |
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214 | (1) |
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The Birth of the European Union |
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215 | (1) |
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Globalization And Development |
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215 | (7) |
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Europe's Growing Service Economies |
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215 | (2) |
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Economic Comparisons of the EU and the United States |
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217 | (1) |
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Economic Integration and a Common Currency |
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218 | (1) |
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219 | (1) |
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Food Production and the European Union |
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220 | (2) |
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The Common Agricultural Program (CAP) |
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220 | (1) |
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The Growth of Corporate Agriculture and Food Marketing |
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221 | (1) |
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222 | (6) |
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The Politics of EU Expansion |
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222 | (1) |
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EU Governing Institutions |
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223 | (1) |
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NATO and the Rise of the European Union as a Global Peacemaker |
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223 | (1) |
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Post-Colonial Tribulations in Europe |
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224 | (2) |
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Social Protection Systems: Goals and Outcomes |
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226 | (2) |
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228 | (2) |
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230 | (2) |
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Europe's Population Is Aging Rapidly |
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230 | (2) |
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232 | (7) |
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232 | (1) |
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Migrants, Refugees, and Borders: Needs and Fears |
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233 | (4) |
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237 | (2) |
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237 | (1) |
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Influence of Women on Policy Formation |
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237 | (2) |
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Human Well-Being in Europe |
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239 | (1) |
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239 | (22) |
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239 | (7) |
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240 | (3) |
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243 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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244 | (2) |
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246 | (4) |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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250 | (3) |
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250 | (2) |
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252 | (1) |
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253 | (11) |
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A Time of Troubles in Southeastern Europe |
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253 | (2) |
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Transitions in Agriculture, Industry, and Society |
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255 | (1) |
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Progress in Market Reform |
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256 | (2) |
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New Experiences with Democracy |
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258 | (3) |
| Chapter 5 Russia and the Post-Soviet States |
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261 | (52) |
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264 | (3) |
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264 | (1) |
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265 | (2) |
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267 | (4) |
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Urban and Industrial Pollution |
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267 | (1) |
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267 | (2) |
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The Globalization of Resource Extraction and Environmental Degradation |
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269 | (1) |
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Rivers, Irrigation, and the Loss of the Aral Sea |
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269 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
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271 | (7) |
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The Rise of the Russian Empire |
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271 | (3) |
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The Communist Revolution and Its Aftermath |
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274 | (2) |
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276 | (1) |
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World War II and the Cold War |
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276 | (2) |
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Globalization And Development |
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278 | (4) |
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Oil and Gas Development: Fueling Globalization |
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|
278 | (2) |
|
Russia, BRICS, and the Global Economy |
|
|
280 | (1) |
|
Institutionalized Corruption |
|
|
280 | (1) |
|
|
|
280 | (1) |
|
Unemployment and the Loss of Social Services |
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
Food Production in the Post-Soviet Era |
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
Changing Agricultural Production |
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
|
|
282 | (5) |
|
The Color Revolutions and Political Freedoms |
|
|
283 | (1) |
|
|
|
283 | (2) |
|
Cultural Diversity and Russian Domination |
|
|
285 | (1) |
|
|
|
285 | (1) |
|
|
|
286 | (1) |
|
The Media and Political Reform |
|
|
287 | (1) |
|
|
|
287 | (4) |
|
Urban Legacies Of Soviet Regional Economic Development |
|
|
287 | (2) |
|
Urban Central Asia And Caucasia |
|
|
289 | (2) |
|
|
|
291 | (4) |
|
Gender And Life Expectancy |
|
|
291 | (1) |
|
|
|
292 | (3) |
|
|
|
295 | (3) |
|
Gender: Challenges and Opportunities in the Post-Soviet Era |
|
|
295 | (2) |
|
|
|
296 | (1) |
|
The Political Status of Women |
|
|
296 | (1) |
|
Religious and Nationalist Resurgence in the Post-Soviet Era |
|
|
297 | (1) |
|
Subregions Of Russia And The Post-Soviet States |
|
|
298 | (15) |
|
|
|
298 | (5) |
|
|
|
298 | (2) |
|
|
|
300 | (1) |
|
|
|
301 | (2) |
|
Belarus, Ukraine, and Moldova |
|
|
303 | (2) |
|
|
|
304 | (1) |
|
|
|
304 | (1) |
|
Caucasia: Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan |
|
|
305 | (1) |
|
|
|
306 | (10) |
|
|
|
306 | (1) |
|
Central Asia in World History |
|
|
306 | (7) |
| Chapter 6 North Africa and Southwest Asia |
|
313 | (62) |
|
|
|
316 | (2) |
|
|
|
316 | (2) |
|
|
|
318 | (1) |
|
|
|
318 | (7) |
|
An Ancient Heritage of Water Conservation |
|
|
318 | (1) |
|
Water and Food Production |
|
|
319 | (3) |
|
Vulnerability to Climate Change |
|
|
322 | (3) |
|
Climate Change and Desertification |
|
|
322 | (1) |
|
Imported Food and Virtual Water |
|
|
322 | (1) |
|
Strategies for Increasing Access to Water |
|
|
322 | (1) |
|
|
|
322 | (2) |
|
|
|
324 | (1) |
|
|
|
324 | (1) |
|
Dams Strain Cross-Border Relations |
|
|
324 | (1) |
|
|
|
325 | (6) |
|
Agriculture and the Development of Civilization |
|
|
325 | (1) |
|
Agriculture and Gender Roles |
|
|
325 | (1) |
|
The Coming of Monotheism: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam |
|
|
326 | (2) |
|
|
|
328 | (1) |
|
Islamic Religious Law and Sunni-Shi'ite Divide |
|
|
329 | (1) |
|
|
|
329 | (1) |
|
Western Domination and State Formation |
|
|
330 | (1) |
|
Globalization And Development |
|
|
331 | (6) |
|
Fossil Fuel Exports And Development |
|
|
331 | (5) |
|
Economic Diversification And Growth |
|
|
336 | (1) |
|
|
|
337 | (10) |
|
|
|
337 | (4) |
|
Different Paths Toward Reform |
|
|
338 | (2) |
|
Islamism in a Globalizing World |
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
Will There Be an Iranian Spring? |
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
The Role of Media and the Internet in Political Change |
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
Democratization and Women |
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
Three Worrisome Geopolitical Situations in the Region |
|
|
342 | (8) |
|
Situation 1: The State of Israel and the "Question of Palestine" |
|
|
342 | (4) |
|
Situation 2: Fifty Years of Trouble Between Iraq and the United States |
|
|
346 | (1) |
|
Situation 3: Failure of the Arab Spring in Syria |
|
|
346 | (1) |
|
|
|
347 | (3) |
|
|
|
350 | (2) |
|
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
|
|
352 | (5) |
|
|
|
352 | (2) |
|
Gender Roles And Gendered Spaces |
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
|
|
355 | (2) |
|
|
|
357 | (1) |
|
Subregions Of North Africa And Southwest Asia |
|
|
357 | (18) |
|
|
|
357 | (3) |
|
The Berber-Arab Cultural Mix |
|
|
359 | (1) |
|
|
|
359 | (1) |
|
Trouble in Western Sahara |
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
The Nile: Sudan and Egypt |
|
|
360 | (3) |
|
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
|
|
361 | (2) |
|
|
|
363 | (3) |
|
Wealth in Saudi Arabia and the Gulf States |
|
|
363 | (2) |
|
Yemen: Poverty and Conflict |
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
The Eastern Mediterranean |
|
|
366 | (1) |
|
|
|
367 | (11) |
|
|
|
367 | (2) |
|
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
|
|
370 | (5) |
| Chapter 7 Sub-Saharan Africa |
|
375 | (62) |
|
|
|
378 | (3) |
|
|
|
378 | (1) |
|
|
|
379 | (2) |
|
|
|
381 | (8) |
|
Deforestation and Climate Change |
|
|
381 | (2) |
|
Agricultural Systems, Food, and Vulnerability to Climate Change |
|
|
383 | (2) |
|
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
|
|
384 | (1) |
|
Water Resources and Water Management Alternatives with Climate Change |
|
|
385 | (3) |
|
New Groundwater Discoveries |
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
New Large- and Small-Scale Irrigation Projects |
|
|
385 | (2) |
|
Herding, Desertification, and Climate Change |
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
Wildlife and Climate Change |
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
|
|
389 | (6) |
|
The Peopling of Africa and Beyond |
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
Early Agriculture, Industry, and Trade in Africa |
|
|
390 | (2) |
|
The Scramble to Colonize Africa |
|
|
392 | (2) |
|
Abuse of Power in the Aftermath of Independence |
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
Globalization And Development |
|
|
395 | (8) |
|
Successive Eras of Globalization |
|
|
396 | (5) |
|
The Colonial Exploitation Era |
|
|
396 | (1) |
|
The Era of Structural Adjustment |
|
|
396 | (2) |
|
The Current Era of Diverse Globalization |
|
|
398 | (3) |
|
Regional and Local Economic Development |
|
|
401 | (2) |
|
The Potential of Regional Integration |
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
|
|
403 | (5) |
|
|
|
403 | (3) |
|
|
|
406 | (1) |
|
Radical Islam: A Geopolitical Maneuver |
|
|
406 | (1) |
|
Conflict and the Problem of Refugees |
|
|
407 | (1) |
|
Successes and Failures of Democratization |
|
|
407 | (1) |
|
Gender, Power, and Politics |
|
|
407 | (1) |
|
|
|
408 | (3) |
|
The Recent Trend of Rapid Urban Growth |
|
|
408 | (2) |
|
Characteristics of Rapid Urban Growth |
|
|
410 | (1) |
|
|
|
411 | (5) |
|
Population Growth Is Slowing |
|
|
412 | (1) |
|
Population Pyramids Illustrate Growth Rates |
|
|
413 | (1) |
|
The Role of Migration Within Sub-Saharan Africa and to Other Regions |
|
|
413 | (1) |
|
Population and Public Health |
|
|
414 | (2) |
|
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa |
|
|
414 | (2) |
|
Geographic Patterns of Human Well-Being |
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
|
|
416 | (6) |
|
|
|
416 | (3) |
|
Female Genital Mutilation |
|
|
418 | (1) |
|
Gay, Lesbian, and Transgender Rights |
|
|
419 | (1) |
|
|
|
419 | (2) |
|
Indigenous Belief Systems |
|
|
419 | (1) |
|
|
|
419 | (2) |
|
|
|
421 | (1) |
|
Subregions Of Sub-Saharan Africa |
|
|
422 | (15) |
|
|
|
422 | (2) |
|
Horizontal Zones of Physical and Cultural Difference |
|
|
422 | (2) |
|
Regional Conflict in Coastal West Africa |
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
|
|
424 | (3) |
|
Wet Forests and Dry Savannas |
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
A Colonial Heritage of Violence |
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
Postcolonial Exploitation |
|
|
425 | (2) |
|
|
|
427 | (4) |
|
Conflict in the Horn of Africa |
|
|
427 | (2) |
|
Interior Valleys and Uplands |
|
|
429 | (1) |
|
|
|
429 | (1) |
|
Contested Space in Kenya and Tanzania |
|
|
429 | (1) |
|
|
|
430 | (1) |
|
|
|
431 | (1) |
|
Rich Resources and Qualified Successes |
|
|
432 | (5) |
| Chapter 8 South Asia |
|
437 | (60) |
|
|
|
440 | (2) |
|
|
|
440 | (1) |
|
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
|
|
442 | (9) |
|
South Asia's Vulnerability and Resilience to Climate Change |
|
|
442 | (5) |
|
|
|
442 | (2) |
|
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
|
|
444 | (2) |
|
Water Scarcity and Conflict |
|
|
446 | (1) |
|
Rising per Capita Use of Water and Pollution |
|
|
446 | (1) |
|
Virtual Water and Exports |
|
|
447 | (1) |
|
|
|
447 | (3) |
|
Resistance to Deforestation |
|
|
447 | (3) |
|
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
|
|
451 | (7) |
|
The Indus Valley Civilization |
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
|
|
452 | (1) |
|
|
|
452 | (1) |
|
|
|
452 | (2) |
|
|
|
453 | (1) |
|
Geographic Patterns of Religious Beliefs |
|
|
454 | (1) |
|
British Colonial Rule and Its Legacies |
|
|
454 | (4) |
|
The Deindustrialization of South Asia |
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
Democratic and Authoritarian Legacies |
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
Independence and Partition |
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
Nonviolence as a Political Strategy |
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
The Partition of India in 1947 |
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
The Post-Independence Period |
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
Globalization And Development |
|
|
458 | (4) |
|
From Self-Sufficiency to Globalization |
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
Central Planning and Self-Sufficiency |
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
|
|
458 | (2) |
|
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
Food Production and the Green Revolution |
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
Microcredit: A South Asian Innovation for the Poor |
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
|
|
462 | (6) |
|
The Hindu-Muslim Relationship |
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
|
|
463 | (1) |
|
|
|
464 | (1) |
|
|
|
464 | (4) |
|
|
|
464 | (2) |
|
War and Reconstruction in Afghanistan |
|
|
466 | (1) |
|
|
|
466 | (1) |
|
|
|
467 | (1) |
|
Movements Against Government Inefficiency and Corruption |
|
|
467 | (1) |
|
|
|
468 | (3) |
|
|
|
468 | (2) |
|
Risks to Children in Urban Settings |
|
|
470 | (1) |
|
Risks to Women and Men in Urban Settings |
|
|
470 | (1) |
|
|
|
471 | (3) |
|
Geographic Patterns in the Status of Women |
|
|
471 | (1) |
|
Slowing Population Growth: Health Care, Urbanization, and Gender |
|
|
471 | (2) |
|
|
|
473 | (1) |
|
Measures of Human Well-Being |
|
|
473 | (1) |
|
|
|
474 | (6) |
|
The Texture of Village Life |
|
|
474 | (3) |
|
Social Patterns in the Status of Women |
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
Marriage, Motherhood, and Widowhood |
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
Dowry and Violence Against Females |
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
Gender, Politics, and Power |
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
Women and the Taliban in Afghanistan |
|
|
479 | (1) |
|
LGBT Issues in South Asia |
|
|
479 | (1) |
|
|
|
480 | (17) |
|
|
|
480 | (4) |
|
|
|
481 | (2) |
|
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
|
|
484 | (1) |
|
|
|
485 | (2) |
|
|
|
487 | (3) |
|
The Ganga-Brahmaputra Delta |
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
|
|
487 | (2) |
|
|
|
489 | (1) |
|
|
|
489 | (1) |
|
|
|
490 | (1) |
|
|
|
491 | (9) |
|
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
|
|
492 | (1) |
|
|
|
493 | (4) |
| Chapter 9 East Asia |
|
497 | (66) |
|
|
|
500 | (3) |
|
|
|
500 | (1) |
|
|
|
501 | (2) |
|
|
|
501 | (1) |
|
|
|
501 | (1) |
|
|
|
501 | (2) |
|
|
|
503 | (8) |
|
China's Vulnerability to Glacial Melting |
|
|
503 | (2) |
|
|
|
503 | (1) |
|
|
|
503 | (2) |
|
Natural Hazards and Energy Vulnerability |
|
|
505 | (1) |
|
Food Security and Sustainability |
|
|
505 | (3) |
|
|
|
505 | (1) |
|
|
|
506 | (1) |
|
Fisheries and Globalization |
|
|
507 | (1) |
|
|
|
507 | (1) |
|
Three Gorges Dam: The Power of Water |
|
|
508 | (2) |
|
Air Pollution: Choking on Success |
|
|
510 | (1) |
|
Air Pollution Elsewhere in East Asia |
|
|
511 | (1) |
|
|
|
511 | (7) |
|
Bureaucracy and Imperial China |
|
|
512 | (1) |
|
Confucianism Molds East Asia's Cultural Attitudes |
|
|
513 | (1) |
|
The Confucian Bias Toward Males |
|
|
513 | (1) |
|
The Bias Against Merchants |
|
|
513 | (1) |
|
Cycles of Expansion, Decline, and Recovery |
|
|
513 | (1) |
|
Why Did China Not Colonize an Overseas Empire? |
|
|
513 | (2) |
|
European and Japanese Imperialism |
|
|
515 | (1) |
|
China's Turbulent Twentieth Century |
|
|
515 | (1) |
|
Mao's Communist Revolution |
|
|
516 | (1) |
|
Japan Becomes a World Leader |
|
|
516 | (2) |
|
Chinese and Japanese Influences on Korea, Taiwan, and Mongolia |
|
|
518 | (1) |
|
The Korean War and Its Aftermath |
|
|
518 | (1) |
|
Taiwan's Uncertain Status |
|
|
518 | (1) |
|
Mongolia Seeks Its Own Way |
|
|
518 | (1) |
|
Globalization And Development |
|
|
518 | (4) |
|
|
|
519 | (1) |
|
Japan Rises from the Ashes |
|
|
519 | (1) |
|
Productivity Innovations in Japan |
|
|
519 | (1) |
|
Mainland Economies: Communists in Command |
|
|
519 | (2) |
|
|
|
520 | (1) |
|
|
|
520 | (1) |
|
Struggles with Regional Disparity |
|
|
521 | (1) |
|
Economic Reforms in China |
|
|
521 | (1) |
|
|
|
522 | (5) |
|
Pressures for Political Change in China |
|
|
523 | (3) |
|
Information Technology and Political Freedom |
|
|
523 | (2) |
|
Protests and Political Freedom |
|
|
525 | (1) |
|
Japan's Recent Political Shifts |
|
|
526 | (1) |
|
|
|
526 | (1) |
|
|
|
527 | (5) |
|
|
|
529 | (1) |
|
International Trade and Special Economic Zones |
|
|
529 | (1) |
|
Transportation Improvements |
|
|
529 | (1) |
|
|
|
529 | (2) |
|
|
|
531 | (1) |
|
Shanghai's Latest Transformation |
|
|
531 | (1) |
|
|
|
532 | (4) |
|
Responding to an Aging Population |
|
|
532 | (1) |
|
|
|
532 | (1) |
|
|
|
533 | (1) |
|
The Legacies of China's One-Child Policy |
|
|
533 | (1) |
|
Gender Imbalance and the Cultural Preference for Sons |
|
|
533 | (1) |
|
|
|
534 | (1) |
|
|
|
534 | (2) |
|
|
|
534 | (2) |
|
|
|
536 | (4) |
|
East Asia's Most Influential Cultural Export: The Overseas Chinese |
|
|
539 | (1) |
|
|
|
540 | (23) |
|
|
|
540 | (4) |
|
|
|
540 | (1) |
|
|
|
540 | (1) |
|
|
|
541 | (2) |
|
|
|
543 | (1) |
|
|
|
544 | (2) |
|
|
|
544 | (1) |
|
The Central and Coastal Plains |
|
|
545 | (1) |
|
|
|
546 | (2) |
|
The Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau |
|
|
546 | (1) |
|
|
|
547 | (1) |
|
|
|
547 | (1) |
|
|
|
548 | (1) |
|
|
|
548 | (2) |
|
|
|
548 | (1) |
|
|
|
549 | (1) |
|
|
|
550 | (3) |
|
The Communist Era in Mongolia |
|
|
551 | (1) |
|
Post-Communist Economic Issues |
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
|
|
553 | (2) |
|
Contrasting Political Systems |
|
|
553 | (1) |
|
|
|
554 | (1) |
|
|
|
555 | (3) |
|
A Wide Geographic Spectrum |
|
|
555 | (2) |
|
The Challenge of Living Well on Limited Resources |
|
|
557 | (1) |
|
Japan's Culture of Contrasts |
|
|
557 | (1) |
|
|
|
558 | (1) |
|
|
|
558 | (5) |
| Chapter 10 Southeast Asia |
|
563 | (56) |
|
|
|
567 | (3) |
|
|
|
567 | (1) |
|
|
|
567 | (3) |
|
|
|
570 | (7) |
|
|
|
570 | (1) |
|
Climate Change and Deforestation |
|
|
570 | (3) |
|
|
|
570 | (3) |
|
Climate Change and Food Production |
|
|
573 | (2) |
|
|
|
573 | (1) |
|
|
|
573 | (1) |
|
|
|
573 | (2) |
|
Climate Change Impacts Related to Water |
|
|
575 | (1) |
|
Melting Glaciers and Increased Evaporation |
|
|
575 | (1) |
|
|
|
575 | (1) |
|
Storm Surges and Flooding |
|
|
575 | (1) |
|
Responses to Climate Change in the Mekong River System |
|
|
575 | (2) |
|
Hydroelectric Dams and Their Consequences |
|
|
577 | (1) |
|
|
|
577 | (4) |
|
The Peopling of Southeast Asia |
|
|
578 | (1) |
|
Diverse Cultural Influences |
|
|
578 | (1) |
|
|
|
578 | (1) |
|
|
|
578 | (3) |
|
Struggles for Independence Aided by World War II |
|
|
580 | (1) |
|
|
|
580 | (1) |
|
The "Killing Fields" in Cambodia |
|
|
581 | (1) |
|
Globalization And Development |
|
|
581 | (6) |
|
Borrowed Ideas for Economic Growth |
|
|
582 | (1) |
|
|
|
582 | (1) |
|
The Feminization of Labor |
|
|
582 | (1) |
|
|
|
582 | (2) |
|
Economic Crisis and Recovery: The Perils of Globalization |
|
|
583 | (1) |
|
The IMF Bailout and Its Aftermath |
|
|
583 | (1) |
|
The Impact of China's Growth |
|
|
583 | (1) |
|
The Global Recession Beginning in 2007 |
|
|
584 | (1) |
|
|
|
584 | (3) |
|
|
|
584 | (1) |
|
|
|
584 | (1) |
|
|
|
584 | (1) |
|
|
|
585 | (2) |
|
|
|
587 | (4) |
|
Southeast Asia's Authoritarian Tendencies |
|
|
587 | (2) |
|
Militarism's Roots in Worries about China |
|
|
589 | (2) |
|
Can the Expansion of Political Freedoms Bring Peace to Indonesia? |
|
|
590 | (1) |
|
Terrorism, Politics, and Economic Issues |
|
|
590 | (1) |
|
|
|
591 | (3) |
|
Emigration Related To Urbanization And Globalization |
|
|
591 | (3) |
|
|
|
593 | (1) |
|
|
|
593 | (1) |
|
|
|
594 | (5) |
|
|
|
594 | (3) |
|
|
|
597 | (1) |
|
Southeast Asia's Encounter With HIV/AIDS |
|
|
597 | (1) |
|
Geographic Patterns Of Human Well-Being |
|
|
597 | (2) |
|
|
|
599 | (5) |
|
Cultural And Religious Pluralism |
|
|
599 | (3) |
|
Globalization Brings Cultural Diversity But Also Homogeneity |
|
|
601 | (1) |
|
Gender Roles In Southeast Asia |
|
|
602 | (1) |
|
Family Organization, Traditional And Modern |
|
|
602 | (1) |
|
Political And Economic Empowerment Of Women |
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
Globalization And Gender: The Sex Industry |
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
Subregions Of Southeast Asia |
|
|
604 | (15) |
|
Mainland Southeast Asia: Burma (Myanmar) and Thailand |
|
|
604 | (3) |
|
|
|
604 | (2) |
|
|
|
606 | (1) |
|
Mainland Southeast Asia: Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam |
|
|
607 | (5) |
|
Island and Peninsular Southeast Asia: Malaysia, Brunei, and Singapore |
|
|
609 | (1) |
|
|
|
609 | (2) |
|
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
Indonesia and Timor-Leste |
|
|
612 | (1) |
|
|
|
613 | (6) |
| Chapter 11 Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific |
|
619 | (40) |
|
|
|
622 | (5) |
|
|
|
622 | (1) |
|
|
|
622 | (1) |
|
|
|
623 | (3) |
|
|
|
623 | (2) |
|
|
|
625 | (1) |
|
|
|
626 | (1) |
|
Animal And Plant Life In Australia |
|
|
626 | (1) |
|
Plant And Animal Life In New Zealand And The Pacific Islands |
|
|
626 | (1) |
|
|
|
627 | (6) |
|
|
|
627 | (2) |
|
Sea Level Rise And Storm Surges |
|
|
627 | (1) |
|
Wildfires And Other Water-Related Vulnerabilities |
|
|
627 | (1) |
|
Responses To Potential Climate Change Crises |
|
|
627 | (2) |
|
Invasive Species And Food Production |
|
|
629 | (2) |
|
|
|
629 | (1) |
|
|
|
629 | (2) |
|
Globalization And The Environment In The Pacific Islands |
|
|
631 | (2) |
|
Mining In Papua New Guinea And Nauru |
|
|
631 | (1) |
|
|
|
632 | (1) |
|
|
|
633 | (1) |
|
The Great Pacific Garbage Island |
|
|
633 | (1) |
|
The Un Convention On The Law Of The Sea |
|
|
633 | (1) |
|
|
|
633 | (5) |
|
|
|
633 | (2) |
|
The Saga Of Rapa Nui (Easter Island) |
|
|
635 | (1) |
|
Possibilities Of Early Contact Between Pacific Peoples And The Americas |
|
|
635 | (1) |
|
Arrival Of The Europeans In The Pacific |
|
|
635 | (1) |
|
The Colonization Of Australia And New Zealand |
|
|
636 | (1) |
|
Oceania's Shifting Global Relationships |
|
|
637 | (1) |
|
Globalization And Development |
|
|
638 | (4) |
|
Globalization, Development, And Oceania's New Asian Orientation |
|
|
638 | (1) |
|
The Stresses Of Asia's Economic Development "Miracle" On Australia And New Zealand |
|
|
639 | (1) |
|
Maintaining Raw Materials Exports As Service Economies Develop |
|
|
639 | (1) |
|
Economic Change In The Pacific Islands |
|
|
639 | (2) |
|
The Advantages And Stresses Of Tourism |
|
|
640 | (1) |
|
The Future: Diverse Global Orientations? |
|
|
641 | (1) |
|
|
|
642 | (3) |
|
|
|
642 | (2) |
|
Migrants And Refugees From Abroad Present A Challenge For Oceania |
|
|
644 | (1) |
|
|
|
645 | (1) |
|
|
|
645 | (5) |
|
Population Numbers And Distribution |
|
|
647 | (1) |
|
Geographic Patterns Of Human Well-Being |
|
|
648 | (2) |
|
|
|
650 | (9) |
|
|
|
650 | (2) |
|
Weakening Of The European Connection |
|
|
651 | (1) |
|
The Social Repositioning Of Indigenous Peoples In Australia And New Zealand |
|
|
651 | (1) |
|
|
|
651 | (1) |
|
|
|
652 | (1) |
|
|
|
652 | (2) |
|
Gender Myths And Realities |
|
|
652 | (2) |
|
|
|
654 | (6) |
|
|
|
654 | (1) |
|
|
|
655 | (1) |
|
Sports As A Unifying Force |
|
|
655 | (4) |
| Epilogue 1 Polar Regions |
|
659 | (8) |
|
|
|
660 | (1) |
|
|
|
660 | (1) |
|
|
|
661 | (1) |
|
Globalization And Development |
|
|
662 | (1) |
|
|
|
663 | (1) |
|
|
|
663 | (1) |
|
|
|
664 | (1) |
|
|
|
665 | (2) |
| Epilogue 2 Space |
|
667 | |
|
|
|
669 | (1) |
|
|
|
669 | (1) |
|
|
|
669 | (2) |
|
|
|
669 | (1) |
|
|
|
670 | (1) |
|
|
|
670 | (1) |
|
Globalization And Development |
|
|
671 | (1) |
|
|
|
671 | (1) |
|
|
|
672 | (1) |
|
|
|
672 | (1) |
|
The Militarization Of Space |
|
|
672 | (1) |
|
|
|
673 | (1) |
|
Remote Sensing Of Urban Areas |
|
|
673 | (1) |
|
|
|
674 | (1) |
|
Remote Sensing And Population Issues |
|
|
674 | (1) |
|
|
|
674 | (1) |
|
|
|
674 | |
|
What Will Space Exploration Do To Life On Earth? |
|
|
675 | |
| Glossary |
|
G-1 | |
| Text Sources And Credits |
|
TC-1 | |
| Index |
|
I-1 | |
