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E-raamat: Maritime Labour Convention 2006: International Labour Law Redefined

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With the Maritime Labour Convention now in force (as of August 2013), the shipping industry is faced with a new international convention that has comprehensive implications across all sectors. This vital text provides timely analysis and thought-provoking essays regarding the Conventions application and enforcement in practice.

Hailed as the "Seafarers Bill of Rights" and the "fourth pillar" of the international regulatory regime for quality shipping, the Maritime Labour Convention is set to significantly alter the playing field for key stakeholders. This book offers diverse and interesting commentary in respect of the Conventions impact on core sectors of the shipping industry, identifying both strengths and weaknesses of the Convention, as well as potential hurdles that will need to be overcome. Each chapter focuses on a different aspect of the Convention, ranging from individual rights of the seafarer to challenges of flag State implementation. Special attention is given to enforcement through examination of the innovative measures provided in the Convention itself, along with discussion of domestic enforcement mechanisms in certain States. Furthermore, the book evaluates whether the Convention has filled existing gaps in maritime labour law, resolved prior difficulties or created new problems.

This book expertly addresses issues of fundamental importance to national authorities, shipping professionals and associations, maritime lawyers and academics worldwide.

---In memory of Richard Shaw---

Arvustused

"This book is likely to prove an important resource, particularly in the UK and Europe, for those seeking to implement the MLC. It contains a wealth of valuable observations and useful detail." - Review by Tonia Novitz, University of Bristol, UK, for Lloyd's Maritime and Commercial Law Quarterly (2014)

Foreword v
Preface vii
Acknowledgements xv
Table of Cases
xvii
Table of National Legislation
xxi
Table of European Legislation
xxv
Table of International Conventions and Instruments
xxix
Chapter 1 The Maritime Labour Convention 2006 In The European Union
1(18)
Ariadne Abel
Introduction
1(1)
EU and Member State Competences in the Areas Covered by the MLC
2(3)
The duty of loyal cooperation
4(1)
EU Member States Acting Jointly in the Interest of the Union
5(6)
Authorization to ratify `in the interest of the Union' and `for the parts falling under Union Competence': Status in the EU legal order
7(4)
Interim Conclusions
11(1)
Transposition into EU Law: Council Directive 2009/13/EC Implementing the Social Partners' Agreement (Titles 1 to 4 of the MLC)
12(5)
Enforcement: Proposed Directives on port and flag State responsibilities under Title 5 of the MLC
14(3)
Conclusions
17(2)
Chapter 2 Increased Seafarer Protection Under The Maritime Labour Convention 2006: A Maltese Flag Perspective
19(28)
Adrian Attard
Paul Gonzi
Introduction
19(1)
Overview of the Maltese Shipping Legislative Framework
20(1)
The Maritime Labour Convention 2006 and Maltese Law
21(1)
Applicability of the 1973 Act and of the 2013 Rules
22(2)
Material Changes Introduced as a Result of the MLC
24(1)
Engaging and Placing Crew
25(1)
Conditions of Employment
26(4)
The master's engagement and responsibility
29(1)
Contents of the Agreements
30(1)
The Minimum Age for Seafarers
31(1)
Medical Certificates
32(1)
Training and Qualifications
33(1)
Minimum Hours of Rest
34(1)
Minimum Wage & Overtime
34(1)
Leave Entitlement
35(1)
Termination
36(3)
Repatriation
39(1)
Medical Stores
40(2)
Provisions and Water
42(1)
Accommodation
43(1)
On-shore and On-board Complaint Procedures
43(1)
Conclusions
44(3)
Chapter 3 The Shipmaster And The Maritime Labour Convention 2006
47(22)
John A. C. Cartner
The Master and Title 1 Minimum Requirements for Seafarers to Work on a Ship
54(1)
The Master and Title 2 Conditions of Employment
55(6)
The Master and Title 3 Accommodations, Recreational Facilities and Catering
61(2)
The Master and Title 4 Health Protection, Medical Care, Welfare and Social Security Protection
63(3)
The Master and Title 5 Compliance and Enforcement
66(2)
Conclusion
68(1)
Chapter 4 Yachting And The Maritime Labour Convention 2006
69(26)
Mateusz Bek
Introduction
69(1)
Ship
69(4)
Seafarer
73(3)
Shipowner
76(2)
Employment
78(3)
Manning
81(4)
Hours of Work and Rest
85(3)
Crew Accommodation
88(5)
Complaint Procedure
93(2)
Chapter 5 Crewing Insurance Under The Maritime Labour Convention 2006
95(22)
Johanna Hjalmarsson
The MLC and Insurance
95(1)
Who is the Insurer?
96(1)
Who is the Insured?
97(1)
`Seafarers'
97(1)
The Legal Framework and the Character of the Policy
98(2)
Insurable Interest
100(1)
Joint or Composite Policy?
101(1)
Applicable Law and Jurisdiction
102(1)
Rome I and II and the Employment Contract
102(1)
Rome I and II and the Insurance Policy
103(2)
Rome I
104(1)
Rome II
104(1)
Jurisdiction in Matters Relating to Insurance
105(3)
Risks a Policy Should Cover
108(1)
Repatriation
108(2)
Health Protection
110(2)
Foundering
112(1)
Rights of Seafarers to Claim Directly under the Policy in the English System
113(2)
The 2010 Act
115(1)
Conclusion
115(2)
Chapter 6 Seafarer Abandonment Insurance: A System Of Financial Security For Seafarers
117(20)
Denis Nifontov
Thomas Brown
Nicholas Maddalena
Introduction
117(1)
Historical Perspective
118(1)
A case study: Adriatic Tankers
118(1)
ILO/IMO Expert Working Group on Seafarer Abandonment
119(1)
IMO Resolution A.930(22), 2001
120(1)
The Maritime Labour Convention 2006
121(1)
The Insurance Solution
122(3)
Difficulties for P&I Clubs in providing financial security to cover abandonment
122(2)
Pre-requisites for an insurance solution within the MLC framework
124(1)
Trigger
124(1)
Evidence of Cover
125(1)
Covered Losses
125(3)
The burden of providing financial security
127(1)
Other Considerations
128(1)
Example Insurance Solution: CrewSEACURE
129(3)
A Solution in Lloyd's of London
132(1)
An Insurance Solution: Conclusion
133(1)
The Future
134(1)
Ratification and Implementation
134(3)
Chapter 7 Seafarers And Modern Piracy
137(14)
Graham Caldwell
Seafarer's Wages
138(2)
Repatriation of Seafarers
140(3)
Compensation of Seafarers for Loss or Foundering
143(2)
Medical Care Aboard and Ashore (Shipowners' Liability)
145(3)
Summary
148(3)
Chapter 8 The Enforcement Procedures of the Maritime Labour Convention 2006
151(30)
Alexandros X. M. Ntovas
Introduction
151(4)
Flag State Enforcement
155(1)
The Competent Authority
155(4)
Authorization of Recognized Organizations
159(1)
The Maritime Labour Certificate and Declaration of Maritime Labour Compliance
160(2)
Duration and Renewal of the Maritime Labour Certificate
162(1)
Interim Certification
162(1)
Form and Content
163(2)
Cease and Withdrawal of Certificates
165(1)
Inspections
165(4)
Port State Enforcement
169(3)
Self-Enforcement Procedures
172(4)
On board complaint procedures
173(2)
Onshore complaint procedures
175(1)
Labour-Supplying Responsibilities
176(3)
Conclusions
179(2)
Chapter 9 How To Determine Jurisdiction And Governing Law In Disputes Arising Out Of A Seafarer's Employment Agreement
181(34)
Jennifer Lavelle
Introduction
181(2)
Terms of Art
183(6)
Seafarers as employees
184(1)
Shipowners as employers
185(1)
Recruitment services as employers
186(2)
Seafarers' employment agreements as individual contracts of employment
188(1)
Jurisdiction
189(11)
Jurisdiction Regulation
189(1)
Matters relating to individual contracts of employment
190(2)
Seafarer v shipowner
192(3)
Shipowner v seafarer
195(1)
Jurisdiction agreements (Article 21)
196(1)
Jurisdiction under Articles 22 and 23
196(2)
Industrial action
198(1)
Prorogation of jurisdiction
199(1)
Choice of Law
200(12)
Contractual obligations under Rome I
201(1)
Individual employment contracts
201(3)
Non-contractual obligations under Rome II
204(1)
Tort
205(1)
Industrial action
206(2)
Pre-contractual dealings (culpa in contrahendo)
208(3)
Freedom of choice
211(1)
Conclusion
212(3)
Chapter 10 Implementation of the Maritime Labour Convention 2006
Maritime, Coastguard Agency
215(1)
Introduction to the Maritime and Coastguard Agency
215(1)
Interview
216(31)
Table 10.1 Comparison between the MLC 2006 and the ISM Code
227(3)
Table 10.2 Further details on UK registered ships of 500GT and over that operate on international voyages
230(2)
Table 10.3 Central assumptions for `Initial MLC Inspections' not conducted simultaneously with ISM surveys
232(1)
Table 10.4 Central assumptions for Interim MLC Inspections
233(5)
Table 10.5 Detailed Comparison between the MLC 2006 and the ISM Code
238(9)
Appendix Maritime Labour Convention, 2006 247(110)
Index 357
Jennifer Lavelle is a Post-Graduate Researcher and Tutor in Law, Law School, University of Southampton. Her research primarily focuses on private international law and marine insurance, as well as maritime labour law. Jennifer is also a member of the Insurance Law Research Group, University of Southampton, and Grays Inn, London, as well as the general editor and co-founder of www.aviationlaw.eu



Ariadne Abel is an Associate Economic Officer at the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Secretariat.



Dr Adrian Attard is a lawyer with Fenech and Fenech Associates, where he specialises in Maritime Law and Marine Litigation.



Dr Paul Gonzi is also a lawyer with Fenech and Fenech Associates, where he specialises in computer and communications law



Dr John A C Cartner is a is practicing maritime lawyer, a designated Proctor in Admiralty, a chartered naval architect, has had several commands of oceanic tank and container vessels, and is a current licensee of the U. S. Coast Guard as Master of Steam and Motor Vessels of any Gross Tons upon Oceans with endorsements including STCW.



Mateusz Bek is a Research Fellow with the Insurance Law Research Group at the University of Southampton. He focuses on Maritime Law, with particular emphasis placed upon Carriage of Goods by Sea, International Trade Law, Marine Insurance and Yachting Law.



Johanna Hjalmarsson is the Informa Senior Research Fellow in Maritime and Commercial Law; Member, Institute of Maritime Law; Member, Insurance Law Research Group; Southampton Law School, University of Southampton.



Denis Nifontov  graduated from the University of Bristol in 2008, having studied for an LLB in Law and German, during which he spent ayear in Germany studying at the Faculty of Law of the University of Göttingen. Denis then proceeded to read for an LL.M (Maritime Law) at the University of Southampton. Since graduating, Denis hasbeen working in the Marine Insurance industry in the UK.



R Graham Caldwell is a PhD candidate at University of Southampton, currently on sabbatical whilst acting as contract manager for Titan Salvage on the Costa Concordia Wreck Removal Project. Graham was called to the Bar at Middle Temple in September 2010.



Dr Alexandros X.M. Ntovas Lecturer at the University of Southampton Law School, where he teaches in the areas of Public International and European Law, with emphasis on dispute settlement and environmental law. He is also Member of the Institute of Maritime Law where he researches and provides legal consultancy on navigational freedoms and practice as well as on issues regarding public aspects of piracy and other issues of contemporary safety and security of ships.



Julie Carlton (Seafarer Safety and Health Manager in MCA) is responsible for implementing the MLC in UK legislation.



Neil Atkinson (Audit Operations Lead) is responsible for putting in place arrangements for the practical implementation of the MCA (e.g. training of surveyors and arranging MLC inspections).



 
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