| Preface |
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xiii | |
| About the Author |
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xvii | |
| Free On-Line Resources by Steven Bragg |
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xix | |
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1. The Acquisition Process |
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The Basic Acquisition Process Flow |
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18 | |
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Locating and Culling Acquisition Targets |
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21 | |
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25 | |
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Evaluate Acquisition Targets with Alliances |
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26 | |
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Acquisition Risks for the Buyer—Valuation |
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28 | |
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Acquisition Risks for the Buyer—Legal |
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29 | |
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Acquisition Risks for the Seller |
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31 | |
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Acquisition Follow-Up Activities |
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32 | |
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33 | |
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Defending Against a Hostile Takeover |
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35 | |
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The Chief Executive Officer |
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Investor and Public Relations |
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48 | |
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50 | |
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51 | |
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52 | |
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Players in Hostile Takeovers |
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53 | |
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54 | |
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54 | |
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3. Valuing an Acquisition Target |
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57 | |
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Alternative Valuation Methods |
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57 | |
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65 | |
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65 | |
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The Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Model |
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66 | |
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Constructing Cash Flow Scenarios |
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69 | |
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Cash Flow Adjusting Factors |
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71 | |
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74 | |
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75 | |
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Which Valuation Method is Best? |
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78 | |
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82 | |
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Reasons for Using a Term Sheet |
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83 | |
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Components of a Term Sheet |
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Due Diligence Team Staffing |
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93 | |
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95 | |
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96 | |
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Due Diligence—Market Overview |
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101 | |
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102 | |
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Due Diligence—Intellectual Property |
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106 | |
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107 | |
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Due Diligence—Risk Management |
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109 | |
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110 | |
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113 | |
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Due Diligence—Liabilities |
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116 | |
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119 | |
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Due Diligence—Profitability |
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120 | |
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124 | |
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126 | |
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Due Diligence—Product Development |
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128 | |
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Due Diligence—Production Process |
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130 | |
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Due Diligence—Information Technology |
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132 | |
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Due Diligence—Legal Issues |
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132 | |
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Due Diligence for a Business Segment |
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136 | |
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137 | |
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Due Diligence—Missing Information |
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138 | |
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139 | |
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Due Diligence—Seller's Perspective |
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143 | |
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Due Diligence—Documentation |
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144 | |
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146 | |
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6. The Purchase Agreement |
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Components of a Purchase Agreement |
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The Letter of Transmittal Section |
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153 | |
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The Representations and Warranties Section—Seller |
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154 | |
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The Representations and Warranties Section—Buyer |
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162 | |
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The Survival of Representations and Warranties Section |
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163 | |
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The Conduct of Business Section |
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165 | |
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The Additional Agreements Section |
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165 | |
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167 | |
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The Termination Prior to Closing Section |
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168 | |
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The Supporting Documents Section |
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169 | |
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The Seller Disclosure Schedule |
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Negotiating the Purchase Agreement |
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7. The Acquisition Integration Process |
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Integration Communications—Internal |
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196 | |
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Integration Communications—External |
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198 | |
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199 | |
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Progress Reporting—External |
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200 | |
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201 | |
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Employee Integration—Qualification Assessment |
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205 | |
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Employee Integration—Job Positioning |
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206 | |
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Employee Integration—Relocations |
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208 | |
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Employee Integration—Key Employees |
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209 | |
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Employee Integration—Founders |
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212 | |
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Employee Integration—Unions |
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213 | |
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8. Accounting for Acquisitions |
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227 | |
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Purchase Price Allocation |
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227 | |
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228 | |
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Intangibles Identification |
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229 | |
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Duplicative Assets and Assets Targeted for Disposition |
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233 | |
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Example of the Accounting for an Acquisition (with Goodwill) |
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233 | |
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Example of the Accounting for an Acquisition (with no Goodwill) |
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237 | |
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Initial Goodwill Impairment Testing |
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239 | |
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Ongoing Goodwill Impairment Testing |
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241 | |
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Example of Goodwill Impairment Testing |
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242 | |
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Timing of Annual Goodwill Impairment Testing |
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245 | |
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249 | |
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251 | |
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The Tax Implications of a Acquisition |
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251 | |
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253 | |
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The Type "A" Reorganization |
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255 | |
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The Type "B" Reorganization |
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256 | |
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The Type "C" Reorganization |
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257 | |
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The Type "D" Reorganization |
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258 | |
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260 | |
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The Reverse Triangular Merger |
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260 | |
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261 | |
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261 | |
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262 | |
| 10. Government Regulation |
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265 | |
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265 | |
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International Anti-Trust Regulations |
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268 | |
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Environmental Regulations |
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269 | |
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271 | |
| Appendix A: Due Diligence Checklist |
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273 | |
| Index |
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291 | |