Contributors |
|
xix | |
About the editors |
|
xxiii | |
Preface |
|
xxv | |
Section A Natural resources management |
|
|
1 Importance of natural resources conservation: Moving toward the sustainable world |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 | (2) |
|
1.2 Problems associated with the resources |
|
|
5 | (2) |
|
1.3 Management of natural resources |
|
|
7 | (4) |
|
1.4 Natural resources management under changing climate |
|
|
11 | (2) |
|
1.5 Sustainability and sustainable development |
|
|
13 | (1) |
|
1.6 Sustainability, well-being and development |
|
|
13 | (1) |
|
1.7 Challenges toward sustainability |
|
|
14 | (3) |
|
1.8 Natural resource management and sustainable approaches |
|
|
17 | (1) |
|
1.9 Policy frameworks for natural resource management |
|
|
17 | (3) |
|
1.10 Future visions, research and development vis-a-vis sustainable management |
|
|
20 | (2) |
|
1.11 Future roadmap toward sustainability of natural resources |
|
|
22 | (2) |
|
|
24 | (1) |
|
|
25 | (4) |
|
2 Challenges in natural resource management for ecological sustainability |
|
|
|
|
|
|
29 | (2) |
|
2.2 What are natural resources? |
|
|
31 | (1) |
|
2.3 Natural resource management-concept |
|
|
31 | (2) |
|
2.3.1 Resource planning strategy and ownership regime |
|
|
31 | (1) |
|
2.3.2 Main approaches of natural resource management |
|
|
32 | (1) |
|
2.4 What is ecological sustainability? |
|
|
33 | (1) |
|
2.5 What is sustainable environment? |
|
|
33 | (1) |
|
|
34 | (8) |
|
2.6.1 Populace growth and urbanization |
|
|
34 | (1) |
|
2.6.2 Poverty and security of food |
|
|
35 | (2) |
|
2.6.3 Poverty-environment linkages |
|
|
37 | (1) |
|
2.6.4 Environmental issues |
|
|
37 | (5) |
|
2.7 Management of natural resource and ecological sustainability in India |
|
|
42 | (5) |
|
2.7.1 The relation between deprivation and the management of nature borne resources |
|
|
42 | (2) |
|
2.7.2 Growth and resource irreversibility |
|
|
44 | (1) |
|
2.7.3 Forest: Reducing stock |
|
|
44 | (1) |
|
2.7.4 The urban-rural links |
|
|
44 | (1) |
|
2.7.5 Natural resource and its conflicts with governance |
|
|
45 | (1) |
|
2.7.6 Evolving frameworks of Indian Natural Resource Management: From oversight of institutions to collective management |
|
|
45 | (2) |
|
2.7.7 Land, facilities and environmentally sound sustainability in India |
|
|
47 | (1) |
|
2.8 Research and development |
|
|
47 | (1) |
|
2.8.1 Geographic information systems |
|
|
47 | (1) |
|
2.8.2 Green informatics and green technology |
|
|
47 | (1) |
|
2.8.3 Green nanotechnology |
|
|
48 | (1) |
|
2.8.4 Research development for forest |
|
|
48 | (1) |
|
2.8.5 Research development for water |
|
|
48 | (1) |
|
2.8.6 Research establishments for soil studies |
|
|
48 | (1) |
|
2.9 Policy and legal framework |
|
|
48 | (3) |
|
2.9.1 Natural resource management: Policy options |
|
|
49 | (1) |
|
|
49 | (1) |
|
|
50 | (1) |
|
2.9.4 India Resource Panel, 2015 |
|
|
50 | (1) |
|
2.9.5 Resource Efficiency Cell, 2018 |
|
|
50 | (1) |
|
2.9.6 National Institution for Transforming India Aayog |
|
|
51 | (1) |
|
2.9.7 Centre for Natural Resource Management |
|
|
51 | (1) |
|
2.9.8 National Policy for Management of Crop Residue |
|
|
51 | (1) |
|
2.9.9 National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture |
|
|
51 | (1) |
|
|
51 | (1) |
|
|
52 | (1) |
|
|
53 | (8) |
|
3 Soil management for food security |
|
|
|
|
|
61 | (1) |
|
3.2 Food security and crisis from world's perspective |
|
|
61 | (1) |
|
3.3 The role of soils: Plant growth medium and food security |
|
|
61 | (2) |
|
3.4 Soil limitations in plant production |
|
|
63 | (4) |
|
|
63 | (1) |
|
3.4.2 Loss of soil organic carbon/organic matter and soil biodiversity |
|
|
63 | (1) |
|
3.4.3 Acidic and alkaline (soil pH) |
|
|
64 | (1) |
|
3.4.4 Saline and sodic soils |
|
|
64 | (2) |
|
3.4.5 Soil consistency, structure, and compaction |
|
|
66 | (1) |
|
|
66 | (1) |
|
|
66 | (1) |
|
|
66 | (1) |
|
3.5 Alternative ways of increasing plant productivity |
|
|
67 | (1) |
|
3.5.1 Improved efficiency of resource use |
|
|
67 | (1) |
|
3.5.2 Nutrients supply improvement |
|
|
67 | (1) |
|
3.5.3 Nutrient-water interactions |
|
|
67 | (1) |
|
|
67 | (1) |
|
3.6 Research and development toward sustainable soil management and food security |
|
|
68 | (1) |
|
|
68 | (1) |
|
|
68 | (1) |
|
|
69 | (4) |
|
4 Soil improvement in arid and semiarid regions for sustainable development |
|
|
|
|
|
73 | (1) |
|
4.2 Characteristic of arid and semiarid soil environment |
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
4.3 The global dimensions of environmental problems of arid and semiarid soil |
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
4.4 Arid and semiarid soil problems in Algeria perspectives |
|
|
75 | (2) |
|
4.5 Current need for soil improvement |
|
|
77 | (1) |
|
4.6 Technologies for improvement of soil of arid and semiarid environment |
|
|
78 | (4) |
|
4.6.1 Polymers for arid and semiarid soil improvement |
|
|
78 | (1) |
|
4.6.2 Biopolymers for arid and semiarid soil improvement |
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
4.6.3 Improvement of water retention |
|
|
80 | (1) |
|
4.6.4 Improvement of nutrient retention |
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
4.6.5 Stabilization of soil |
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
4.7 Combating desertification |
|
|
82 | (1) |
|
4.7.1 Polymers and biopolymers |
|
|
83 | (1) |
|
|
83 | (1) |
|
|
83 | (1) |
|
4.8 Research and development in polymer science toward the improvement of soil of arid and semiarid environment |
|
|
83 | (1) |
|
4.8.1 Super absorbent polymer hydrogels |
|
|
83 | (1) |
|
|
83 | (1) |
|
|
84 | (1) |
|
4.9 Policy and legal framework for implementation of innovative technologies toward soil improvement of arid and semiarid lands |
|
|
84 | (1) |
|
4.10 Future prospectus of polymers and biopolymers under arid and semiarid environment |
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
4.10.1 Biopolymer-modified soil |
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
4.10.3 Biopolymer-assisted EICP technique |
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
4.11 Sustainable approaches toward soil under arid and semiarid environment |
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
4.11.1 Environmental management and sustainable development in arid and semiarid regions |
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
4.11.2 Modifying saline and alkaline soils in arid and semiarid soils |
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
4.11.3 Controlling soil erosion (soil conservation) |
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
4.11.4 Decreasing soil loss |
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
4.11.5 Optimizing water uses |
|
|
86 | (1) |
|
4.12 Soil sustainability in arid and semiarid environment |
|
|
86 | (1) |
|
4.12.1 Management of water in arid and semiarid regions |
|
|
86 | (1) |
|
4.12.2 Soil and water conservation in arid and semiarid areas |
|
|
86 | (1) |
|
4.12.3 Water conservation in arid and semiarid soil |
|
|
86 | (1) |
|
4.12.4 Combination of fertilizers and organic matters |
|
|
86 | (1) |
|
4.12.5 Management of agricultural and tillage |
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
|
87 | (5) |
|
5 Remote sensing for agriculture and resource management |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
92 | (1) |
|
5.2 Principle of remote sensing |
|
|
92 | (2) |
|
5.3 Remote sensing developmental era |
|
|
94 | (1) |
|
5.4 Remote sensing platforms |
|
|
94 | (1) |
|
5.5 Remote sensing technologies used in agriculture |
|
|
94 | (2) |
|
5.6 Application of remote sensing in agriculture |
|
|
96 | (1) |
|
5.7 Remote sensing in agriculture: A scenario |
|
|
96 | (1) |
|
5.8 Remote sensing programs for agriculture and resource management in India |
|
|
97 | (2) |
|
5.8.1 National natural resources management system |
|
|
98 | (1) |
|
5.8.2 National agricultural drought assessment and monitoring system |
|
|
99 | (1) |
|
5.8.3 Integrated mission for sustainable development |
|
|
99 | (1) |
|
5.8.4 Forecasting agricultural output using space, agrometeorology and land based observations |
|
|
99 | (1) |
|
5.9 Remote sensed "big data" management in agriculture |
|
|
99 | (2) |
|
5.10 Use of wavelength region for agricultural data collection |
|
|
101 | (1) |
|
5.11 Remote sensing indices |
|
|
102 | (3) |
|
|
102 | (2) |
|
|
104 | (1) |
|
5.11.3 Remote sensing methods for evapotranspiration estimation |
|
|
105 | (1) |
|
5.12 Remote sensing for natural resources inventory, mapping and monitoring |
|
|
105 | (2) |
|
5.13 Remote sensing for crop management |
|
|
107 | (6) |
|
5.13.1 Crop acreage estimation |
|
|
107 | (1) |
|
5.13.2 Crop type identification |
|
|
108 | (2) |
|
5.13.3 Crop damage and health assessment using NDVI |
|
|
110 | (2) |
|
5.13.4 Crop yield monitoring and estimation |
|
|
112 | (1) |
|
5.14 Remote sensing for soil management |
|
|
113 | (5) |
|
5.14.1 Mapping of soil characteristics and soil type |
|
|
114 | (1) |
|
5.14.2 Characterizing soil spatial variability |
|
|
114 | (1) |
|
5.14.3 Land suitability and capability assessment |
|
|
114 | (1) |
|
5.14.4 Soil moisture detection |
|
|
115 | (1) |
|
5.14.5 Land use/land cover change detection |
|
|
116 | (1) |
|
5.14.6 Soil degradation processes-Soil salinity |
|
|
117 | (1) |
|
5.14.7 Erosion identification and remediation |
|
|
118 | (1) |
|
5.14.8 Soil carbon dynamics assessment |
|
|
118 | (1) |
|
5.15 Application of remote sensing to combat desertification |
|
|
118 | (1) |
|
5.16 Remote sensing for site-specific weed management |
|
|
119 | (1) |
|
5.17 Remote sensing in watershed management |
|
|
119 | (1) |
|
5.18 Remote sensing for insect-pest management |
|
|
120 | (1) |
|
5.19 Potential of remote sensing in agriculture and resource management |
|
|
121 | (1) |
|
5.20 Application of remote sensing in biodiversity management |
|
|
122 | (1) |
|
5.21 Remote sensing in agroforestry system |
|
|
122 | (1) |
|
5.22 Remote sensing for rangeland classification and management |
|
|
123 | (1) |
|
5.23 Remote sensing for climate change impact analysis and adaptation in agriculture |
|
|
124 | (1) |
|
5.24 Advantages of remote sensing techniques in agricultural survey |
|
|
125 | (1) |
|
5.25 Possible solutions for mitigation the constraints and adaptation of remote sensing |
|
|
125 | (1) |
|
5.26 Challenges and future perspectives |
|
|
126 | (1) |
|
|
126 | (1) |
|
|
126 | (13) |
Section B Ecological restoration |
|
|
6 Biodiversity recovery at environmental mining restorations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
139 | (1) |
|
6.2 Scenario of mining and biodiversity restoration approach in Spain |
|
|
140 | (2) |
|
6.2.1 An industry compatible with biodiversity |
|
|
140 | (1) |
|
6.2.2 Integrated biodiversity management during the mine operation |
|
|
140 | (1) |
|
6.2.3 Mining restoration works |
|
|
141 | (1) |
|
6.3 Paradigm shift: Traditional approach vs. ecosystem approach |
|
|
142 | (3) |
|
6.3.1 Traditional approach: From topographic restoration to revegetation |
|
|
142 | (1) |
|
6.3.2 The mining space at the service of biodiversity |
|
|
143 | (1) |
|
6.3.3 Advantages of adopting criteria of ecosystem approach |
|
|
143 | (1) |
|
6.3.4 Ownership and final use of the area (after mining activities) |
|
|
144 | (1) |
|
6.3.5 Natural capital, from the beginning to the end of a mining project |
|
|
145 | (1) |
|
6.4 Integrating the ecosystem approach in the restoration of the affected natural space |
|
|
145 | (1) |
|
|
145 | (1) |
|
6.4.2 Substrate management |
|
|
145 | (1) |
|
|
146 | (1) |
|
6.4.4 Complementary measures to promote biodiversity |
|
|
146 | (1) |
|
6.4.5 Results achieved in different case studies |
|
|
146 | (1) |
|
6.5 Assessment of the positive environmental impact |
|
|
146 | (1) |
|
6.6 Research and development activities related to biodiversity restoration in mining site |
|
|
147 | (1) |
|
|
148 | (1) |
|
|
148 | (1) |
|
|
149 | (2) |
|
7 Climate change adaptation through ecological restoration |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
151 | (1) |
|
7.2 Climate change and land-use pattern |
|
|
152 | (1) |
|
7.3 Climate change, land degradation and restoration |
|
|
153 | (3) |
|
7.4 Necessity of a study on climate change adaptation |
|
|
156 | (2) |
|
7.5 Ecological consideration for climate change adaptation |
|
|
158 | (1) |
|
7.6 Ecosystem service as a measure for climate change adaptation |
|
|
159 | (1) |
|
7.7 Land-use pattern and climate change |
|
|
159 | (1) |
|
7.8 Climate change mitigation through ecological restoration |
|
|
159 | (1) |
|
7.9 Evaluation of carbon budget in various land use types |
|
|
160 | (2) |
|
7.10 CO2 absorption function of the riparian forest |
|
|
162 | (1) |
|
7.11 Research and developmental activities |
|
|
162 | (4) |
|
7.12 Policy and legal framework of climate change adaptation in Korea |
|
|
166 | (1) |
|
7.12.1 National climate change adaptation policy |
|
|
166 | (1) |
|
7.12.2 Pan-ministerial joint adaptation measures involving 13 ministries |
|
|
167 | (1) |
|
|
167 | (1) |
|
|
168 | (1) |
|
|
168 | (5) |
|
8 Eco-restoration of bauxite mining: An ecological approach |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
173 | (1) |
|
8.2 Bauxite-A brief overview |
|
|
174 | (1) |
|
8.3 World's distribution of bauxite deposits |
|
|
174 | (1) |
|
8.4 Bauxite deposits of India |
|
|
174 | (1) |
|
8.5 Bauxite production scenario in the world and India |
|
|
175 | (1) |
|
8.6 Classification of bauxite |
|
|
176 | (1) |
|
|
176 | (1) |
|
|
176 | (1) |
|
8.6.3 Sedimentary (Tikhvin) bauxites |
|
|
176 | (1) |
|
8.6.4 Trihydrate or gibbsitic bauxite |
|
|
176 | (1) |
|
|
176 | (1) |
|
|
176 | (1) |
|
8.7 Bauxite mining technology |
|
|
176 | (1) |
|
|
176 | (1) |
|
|
177 | (1) |
|
8.7.3 Transport of mineral |
|
|
177 | (1) |
|
8.8 Bauxite mining and its impact |
|
|
177 | (1) |
|
|
177 | (1) |
|
|
177 | (1) |
|
|
177 | (1) |
|
|
178 | (1) |
|
|
178 | (1) |
|
8.8.6 Generation of wastelands |
|
|
178 | (1) |
|
|
178 | (1) |
|
8.8.8 Potential health impacts |
|
|
178 | (1) |
|
8.9 Ecological scenario of bauxite mining at Mainpat, Sarguja |
|
|
178 | (1) |
|
8.10 Ecological impact of bauxite mining in Main pat |
|
|
179 | (1) |
|
|
179 | (1) |
|
|
179 | (1) |
|
8.11 Environmental management plan of bauxite mining |
|
|
180 | (1) |
|
8.11.1 Managing water pollution |
|
|
180 | (1) |
|
8.11.2 Noise and vibration management |
|
|
180 | (1) |
|
8.11.3 Reclamation of land |
|
|
181 | (1) |
|
8.11.4 Green belt development |
|
|
181 | (1) |
|
8.11.5 Air pollution control measures |
|
|
181 | (1) |
|
8.12 Eco-restoration-A brief introduction |
|
|
181 | (8) |
|
8.12.1 Difference between ecological restoration and afforestation |
|
|
183 | (1) |
|
8.12.2 Need of eco-restoration |
|
|
184 | (1) |
|
8.12.3 Eco-restoration practice in world |
|
|
184 | (3) |
|
8.12.4 Eco-restoration practices in the developed world |
|
|
187 | (1) |
|
8.12.5 Ecological restoration technology of mining subsidence land |
|
|
188 | (1) |
|
8.13 Future prospect of eco-restoration of bauxite mining |
|
|
189 | (1) |
|
8.13.1 New integrated approaches |
|
|
189 | (1) |
|
8.13.2 Novel ecosystems and adapting to rapid global change |
|
|
190 | (1) |
|
8.13.3 Green infrastructure and nature-based solutions |
|
|
190 | (1) |
|
8.13.4 Infrastructure development and biodiversity offsets |
|
|
190 | (1) |
|
|
190 | (1) |
|
|
191 | (4) |
|
9 Riparian conservation and restoration for ecological sustainability |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
195 | (1) |
|
9.2 Ecological services of riparian forest |
|
|
196 | (8) |
|
9.2.1 Maintaining environmental and ecosystem services |
|
|
197 | (1) |
|
9.2.2 Riparian vegetation in mitigating climate change |
|
|
197 | (1) |
|
9.2.3 Carbon cycling in riparian ecosystem |
|
|
198 | (1) |
|
9.2.4 Riparian vegetation in maintaining riverbank stability and hydrology |
|
|
199 | (1) |
|
9.2.5 Riparian vegetation for soil management and nutrient management |
|
|
199 | (2) |
|
9.2.6 Biogeochemical cycle in riparian forest |
|
|
201 | (1) |
|
9.2.7 Riparian vegetation in maintaining biodiversity |
|
|
201 | (3) |
|
9.2.8 Riparian forest and litterfall |
|
|
204 | (1) |
|
9.3 Productive and cultural importance of riparian forest |
|
|
204 | (1) |
|
9.3.1 Nonwood forest products from riparian forest |
|
|
204 | (1) |
|
9.3.2 Riparian forest as sacred groove |
|
|
205 | (1) |
|
9.4 Anthropogenic effect on riparian vegetation |
|
|
205 | (2) |
|
9.5 Species invasion and riparian health |
|
|
207 | (1) |
|
9.6 Sustainable development, management, and restoration of riparian ecosystem |
|
|
207 | (2) |
|
9.7 Future research and development |
|
|
209 | (1) |
|
|
210 | (1) |
|
|
211 | (8) |
Section C Forest-based environment and ecological sustainability |
|
|
10 Ecological wisdom for natural resources management and sustainability |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
219 | (1) |
|
10.2 Ecological wisdom: A conceptual framework |
|
|
219 | (1) |
|
10.3 Ecological wisdom and sustainability |
|
|
220 | (1) |
|
10.4 Sustainability: Building block |
|
|
220 | (1) |
|
10.5 Natural resources: An overview |
|
|
220 | (7) |
|
|
222 | (3) |
|
|
225 | (1) |
|
|
225 | (1) |
|
10.5.4 Livestocks/animals |
|
|
226 | (1) |
|
10.6 Sustainable natural resource management: Global challenge |
|
|
227 | (1) |
|
10.7 Policies and strategies for natural resource management |
|
|
228 | (1) |
|
10.8 Future roadmap for natural resource management |
|
|
228 | (10) |
|
|
238 | (1) |
|
|
238 | (5) |
|
11 Environmental sustainability: Challenges and approaches |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
243 | (1) |
|
11.2 Natural resources and environmental sustainability |
|
|
244 | (1) |
|
11.2.1 Energy and sustainability |
|
|
244 | (1) |
|
11.2.2 Wetlands and sustainability |
|
|
245 | (1) |
|
11.2.3 Minerals and sustainability |
|
|
245 | (1) |
|
11.3 Environmental pollution and sustainability |
|
|
245 | (4) |
|
11.3.1 Severity of pollution and its causes |
|
|
246 | (3) |
|
11.3.2 Consequences of pollution to ecosystem |
|
|
249 | (1) |
|
11.4 Global climate change and environmental sustainability |
|
|
249 | (1) |
|
11.5 Conservation, protection, and restoration of natural resources |
|
|
250 | (1) |
|
11.6 Technologies toward environmental sustainability |
|
|
251 | (4) |
|
|
251 | (1) |
|
|
252 | (2) |
|
|
254 | (1) |
|
|
254 | (1) |
|
11.6.5 Bioplastics, biocoatings, and biofilms |
|
|
254 | (1) |
|
|
255 | (1) |
|
11.7 Nanotechnology and nano-science toward environmental sustainability |
|
|
255 | (1) |
|
11.8 Agriculture and sustainability |
|
|
256 | (5) |
|
11.8.1 Addressing sustainability through sustainable agriculture |
|
|
256 | (1) |
|
11.8.2 Providing a reasonable living and contributing to rural communities |
|
|
256 | (1) |
|
11.8.3 Reducing negative impact on the environment |
|
|
257 | (1) |
|
11.8.4 Conserving biodiversity |
|
|
257 | (1) |
|
11.8.5 Ecological pest management |
|
|
257 | (1) |
|
11.8.6 Crop rotation and cultural management |
|
|
257 | (2) |
|
11.8.7 Microalgae-based active compounds |
|
|
259 | (1) |
|
11.8.8 Plant-based active compounds |
|
|
260 | (1) |
|
11.8.9 Fungal-based active compounds |
|
|
260 | (1) |
|
11.8.10 Integrated pest management (IPM) |
|
|
260 | (1) |
|
11.9 Industry and sustainability |
|
|
261 | (1) |
|
11.10 Urban sustainability |
|
|
261 | (1) |
|
11.11 Policy framework for environmental sustainability |
|
|
262 | (1) |
|
|
262 | (1) |
|
11.13 Future thrust toward sustainability |
|
|
262 | (1) |
|
|
263 | (8) |
|
12 Prospects and implementation of nanotechnology in environmental remediation and clean up |
|
|
|
|
|
|
271 | (1) |
|
12.2 Nanotechnology: The next generation technology |
|
|
272 | (1) |
|
12.3 Types of nanoparticles |
|
|
272 | (1) |
|
12.4 Properties of nanoparticles |
|
|
272 | (1) |
|
12.5 Nano-materials and their contribution to ecosystem |
|
|
273 | (3) |
|
12.5.1 Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles |
|
|
273 | (1) |
|
12.5.2 Iron nanoparticles |
|
|
273 | (1) |
|
12.5.3 Bimetallic nanoparticles |
|
|
273 | (1) |
|
|
273 | (1) |
|
|
274 | (1) |
|
12.5.6 Dendrimer and nanosponges |
|
|
274 | (1) |
|
12.5.7 Magnetic nanoparticles |
|
|
274 | (1) |
|
12.5.8 Nanoscale membrane and nanosieve |
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
12.5.9 Nanoparticles from biological source |
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
|
276 | (1) |
|
12.7 Nanotechnology in environmental applications |
|
|
277 | (1) |
|
12.7.1 Control of air pollution |
|
|
277 | (1) |
|
12.7.2 Nanotechnology and water pollution |
|
|
278 | (1) |
|
12.7.3 Nanotechnology for heavy metals remediation in soils |
|
|
278 | (1) |
|
12.8 Nanotechnology for sensing and detecting pollution |
|
|
278 | (1) |
|
12.8.1 Nanotechnology-based biosensors |
|
|
279 | (1) |
|
12.9 Nanotechnology and sustainable development |
|
|
279 | (1) |
|
12.10 Impacts of nanotechnology on environment |
|
|
280 | (1) |
|
12.11 Research and development |
|
|
280 | (1) |
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
|
282 | (7) |
|
13 Agroforestry a model for ecological sustainability |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
289 | (1) |
|
13.2 Agroforestry: A decade of development |
|
|
290 | (1) |
|
13.3 Prominence and importance of agroforestry |
|
|
290 | (1) |
|
13.4 Agroforestry: Area coverage |
|
|
290 | (1) |
|
13.5 Classification of agroforestry |
|
|
291 | (6) |
|
13.5.1 Agroforestry: Traditional and improved practices |
|
|
293 | (3) |
|
13.5.2 Agroforestry: Possibilities, perspectives, and benefits |
|
|
296 | (1) |
|
13.6 Ecosystem services through agroforestry system |
|
|
297 | (2) |
|
13.7 Agroforestry for ecological sustainability |
|
|
299 | (1) |
|
13.8 Agroforestry concern for environmental security |
|
|
299 | (1) |
|
13.9 Research and development in agroforestry |
|
|
300 | (2) |
|
13.10 Policy framework for adoption of agroforestry |
|
|
302 | (1) |
|
|
303 | (1) |
|
13.12 Future prospect and roadmap of agroforestry development |
|
|
303 | (1) |
|
|
303 | (6) |
|
14 Tree shelters: A promising tool for environmental and livestock management |
|
|
|
|
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
|
310 | (1) |
|
14.3 Animal damage or pressures |
|
|
310 | (1) |
|
14.4 Protection from animal damage |
|
|
311 | (3) |
|
14.4.1 Different types of protections |
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
14.4.2 Choice of the protection types |
|
|
311 | (3) |
|
14.5 Effects of tree shelters survival, growth and protection of tree seedlings |
|
|
314 | (6) |
|
14.6 Tree shelters for environmental and livestock management |
|
|
320 | (1) |
|
14.7 Research and developmental activities related to tree shelters of managing animal damage |
|
|
320 | (2) |
|
14.8 Policy framework for effective utilization of tree shelters for seedling growth |
|
|
322 | (1) |
|
|
322 | (1) |
|
|
322 | (1) |
|
|
323 | (4) |
|
15 Influence of stand structure on forest biomass sustainability |
|
|
|
|
|
327 | (1) |
|
|
327 | (8) |
|
|
328 | (1) |
|
|
329 | (1) |
|
15.2.3 Pure even-aged vs. mixed uneven-aged stands |
|
|
330 | (5) |
|
15.3 Characterization of stand structure with biomass |
|
|
335 | (1) |
|
|
335 | (3) |
|
15.5 Strategies towards biomass sustainability |
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
|
339 | (14) |
|
16 Native forests in agricultural landscapes: An option for sustainability |
|
|
|
|
16.1 Ecosystem services and complexity |
|
|
353 | (2) |
|
16.1.1 Approach framework |
|
|
353 | (1) |
|
16.1.2 Identifying the ecosystem services |
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
16.2 Biomass and ecosystem services |
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
16.2.1 The biomass: Ecosystem services structural support |
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
16.2.2 The biocapacity or maximum biomass potential |
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
16.3 Native forests as providers of ecosystem services |
|
|
356 | (2) |
|
16.3.1 Importance and valuation of forest ecosystems |
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
16.3.2 Pressures and threats on native forests |
|
|
357 | (1) |
|
16.3.3 Native forest, forest biomass, agricultural landscapes, and sustainability |
|
|
357 | (1) |
|
16.3.4 An approach to forest biomass-based ecosystem services |
|
|
358 | (1) |
|
16.4 Native forests in agricultural landscapes: Case study |
|
|
358 | (7) |
|
16.4.1 Agricultural frontier expansion versus subtropical forests |
|
|
358 | (1) |
|
16.4.2 Pizarro National Reserve: An emblematic case |
|
|
358 | (1) |
|
16.4.3 Assessment of the ecosystem value of the Pizarro forests |
|
|
359 | (3) |
|
16.4.4 Results and discussion |
|
|
362 | (3) |
|
16.5 Native forests in agricultural landscapes: Contributions for management |
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
16.5.1 Ecosystem service provision as an biomass expression |
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
16.5.2 Future thrust for promoting biomass ecosystem services |
|
|
366 | (1) |
|
16.6 Native forests and human land uses: How to achieve harmony? |
|
|
366 | (3) |
|
16.6.1 Production versus conservation in land use planning |
|
|
366 | (2) |
|
16.6.2 Toward a sustainable territorial planning |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
16.6.3 Policy and legal framework for promoting native Forest in agricultural landscape |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
|
370 | (1) |
|
|
370 | (7) |
|
17 Bioclimatology and botanical resources for sustainable development |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
377 | (3) |
|
17.1.1 Biology and ecology of olive cultivation |
|
|
378 | (1) |
|
17.1.2 Olive cultivation and sustainability |
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
|
380 | (1) |
|
17.3 Results and discussion |
|
|
380 | (4) |
|
17.4 Research and development toward application of bioclimatology and botanical resources for achieving sustainable development |
|
|
384 | (1) |
|
17.5 Future prospects of cultivation indicators and risk modeling toward sustainability |
|
|
384 | (2) |
|
|
386 | (1) |
|
|
387 | (2) |
|
18 Use of simulation models to aid soil and water conservation actions for sustainable agro-forested systems |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
18.3 Distributed models for water and soil conservation |
|
|
391 | (3) |
|
18.3.1 KINEROS: Kinematic runoff and erosion model |
|
|
392 | (1) |
|
18.3.2 WEPP-Water erosion prediction project |
|
|
392 | (1) |
|
18.3.3 AGNPS-Agriculture nonpoint source simulation platform |
|
|
393 | (1) |
|
18.3.4 SWAT-Soil and water assessment tool |
|
|
393 | (1) |
|
|
394 | (2) |
|
18.4.1 Topography preprocessing interface |
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
18.4.2 Weather and climate interface |
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
18.5 Structure and processes |
|
|
396 | (4) |
|
|
400 | (4) |
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
18.6.2 Input parameters for modeling |
|
|
401 | (3) |
|
18.7 Example applications |
|
|
404 | (3) |
|
18.8 Final considerations |
|
|
407 | (1) |
|
|
407 | (8) |
Section D Technological intervention for resources management |
|
|
19 Environmental education for sustainable development |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
19.2 Education and sustainable development |
|
|
416 | (2) |
|
19.3 Environmental education and student empowerment |
|
|
418 | (1) |
|
19.4 Interrelationship between environmental education and sustainable development |
|
|
419 | (2) |
|
19.5 Policy formulation and planning for environmental education towards sustainability |
|
|
421 | (1) |
|
19.5.1 Malta-A typical example |
|
|
421 | (1) |
|
19.6 Environmental education for managing resources |
|
|
422 | (1) |
|
19.7 Sustainability through education from environment dimension-World perspective |
|
|
423 | (4) |
|
19.7.1 Case study from Hawaii |
|
|
423 | (2) |
|
19.7.2 Case study of South Africa |
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
19.7.3 Eco-literacy program of EARTH university |
|
|
425 | (2) |
|
19.8 Environmental education towards sustainability-Indian context |
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
19.8.1 UEEC (Uttarakhand environmental education center)-Model of India |
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
19.9 Research and development |
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
|
428 | (1) |
|
|
428 | (1) |
|
|
428 | (5) |
|
20 Application of GIS and remote sensing towards forest resource management in mangrove forest of Niger Delta |
|
|
|
|
|
433 | (5) |
|
|
434 | (1) |
|
20.1.2 Types of classifiers in remote sensing |
|
|
435 | (1) |
|
20.1.3 Geographic information system (GIS) |
|
|
436 | (1) |
|
20.1.4 Primary GIS applications |
|
|
436 | (1) |
|
20.1.5 DIVA GIS application: |
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
20.1.6 Climate versus anthropogenic impact |
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
20.1.7 Prediction of species distribution |
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
20.2 Forest resource management |
|
|
438 | (3) |
|
20.2.1 Strategies of forest management |
|
|
440 | (1) |
|
20.3 Application of remote sensing in forest resource management |
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
20.3.1 Biodiversity assessment |
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
20.3.2 Mapping individual species |
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
20.3.3 Habitat classification |
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
20.3.4 Forestry mapping using radar remote sensing |
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
20.4 Application of GIS in forestry management |
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
20.4.1 Ecological niche modeling (ENM) |
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
20.4.2 Climate change and ecological niche modeling |
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
20.4.3 Ecological niche modeling methods |
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
20.5 Niger Delta mangrove-A case study |
|
|
443 | (7) |
|
|
443 | (2) |
|
20.5.2 Forest resource management |
|
|
445 | (4) |
|
20.5.3 Types of forest and their uses |
|
|
449 | (1) |
|
20.6 Scenario of mangrove Forest and application of remote sensing in the Niger Delta |
|
|
450 | (4) |
|
20.6.1 Use of remote sensing technology in studying mangrove forest |
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
20.6.2 Application of the DJI spark drone in mangrove research in the Niger Delta |
|
|
452 | (2) |
|
20.7 Mangrove forest management in the Niger Delta |
|
|
454 | (2) |
|
20.8 Policy and legal framework for effective management of Niger Delta Mangrove through remote sensing and GIS |
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
20.9 Conclusions and recommendations |
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
20.10 Future perspective of sustainable forest management |
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
|
457 | (4) |
|
21 Sustainable management of tropical anguillid eels in Southeast Asia |
|
|
|
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
21.2 Biology and ecology of anguillid eels |
|
|
462 | (3) |
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
|
463 | (1) |
|
21.2.3 Life cycle of anguillid eels |
|
|
463 | (1) |
|
21.2.4 Biogeography/geographical distribution of anguillid eels |
|
|
464 | (1) |
|
21.3 Importance of anguillid eels |
|
|
465 | (1) |
|
21.4 Global decline of anguillid eel populations |
|
|
465 | (2) |
|
21.5 Present status of trading of anguillid eel stocks in Southeast Asia |
|
|
467 | (1) |
|
21.6 Deficiencies of stock assessment and fishery management in anguillid eels in Southeast Asia |
|
|
468 | (3) |
|
21.7 Threats to anguillid eels |
|
|
471 | (1) |
|
21.8 Conservation and sustainable management of anguillid eels in Southeast Asia |
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
21.9 Research and developmental activities in the world and Southeast Asia |
|
|
473 | (1) |
|
21.10 Policy and legal framework towards conservation and sustainable management |
|
|
474 | (1) |
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
|
476 | (1) |
|
|
476 | (5) |
|
22 Agronomic and biochemical characteristics of Pteris vittata L. under the impact of chromium stress |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
481 | (2) |
|
22.1.1 Metal toxicity in ferns/Pteridophytes |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
22.1.2 Ecology and distribution of Pteris vittata in Pakistan |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
22.2 Materials and methods |
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
22.2.1 Agronomic characters |
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
22.2.2 Biochemical characters |
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
22.3 Results and discussion |
|
|
484 | (5) |
|
22.3.1 Rhizome length, root length, and leaf area |
|
|
484 | (1) |
|
22.3.2 Fresh biomass of rhizome, root, and leaf |
|
|
485 | (1) |
|
22.3.3 Dry biomass of rhizome, root, and leaf |
|
|
485 | (1) |
|
|
486 | (1) |
|
22.3.5 Carbohydrates in leaf, rhizome, and root |
|
|
486 | (1) |
|
22.3.6 Phenols in leaf, rhizome, and root |
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
22.3.7 Flavonoids in leaf, rhizome, and root |
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
22.3.8 Proteins in leaf, rhizome, and root |
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
22.3.9 Chromium in leaf, rhizome, and root |
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
22.3.10 Phytoremediating potential of P. vittata |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
22.3.11 Reduction of chromium stress, phytoremediation, and environmental sustainability |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
22.3.12 Future perspective |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
|
489 | (1) |
|
|
489 | (4) |
|
23 Seaweed farming: A perspective of sustainable agriculture and socio-economic development |
|
|
|
|
|
|
493 | (1) |
|
23.2 Seaweed production and its applications |
|
|
493 | (2) |
|
23.3 Need of seaweed farming |
|
|
495 | (1) |
|
23.4 Principle of seaweed farming |
|
|
495 | (1) |
|
23.5 Advanced technique of seaweed farming |
|
|
496 | (1) |
|
23.5.1 Integrated multitropic aquaculture |
|
|
496 | (1) |
|
23.5.2 Macroalgal cultivation rig |
|
|
496 | (1) |
|
23.6 Ecological significance |
|
|
496 | (2) |
|
23.6.1 Carbon sequestration |
|
|
496 | (1) |
|
23.6.2 Reduction of ocean acidification |
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
23.6.3 Mitigation of coastal eutrophication |
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
23.8 Policy and legal framework for effective implementation of seaweed farming |
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
23.9 Challenges and opportunities in seaweed farming |
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
|
499 | (1) |
|
|
499 | (1) |
|
|
499 | (4) |
|
24 Species invasion and ecological risk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
503 | (1) |
|
|
504 | (1) |
|
24.3 IAS: Global perspectives |
|
|
505 | (1) |
|
|
506 | (1) |
|
24.5 History of species introduction in India |
|
|
506 | (1) |
|
24.6 Distribution in India |
|
|
507 | (1) |
|
24.7 Biology, ecology, and abundance of IAS |
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
|
508 | (2) |
|
24.10 Mechanism of invasion |
|
|
510 | (1) |
|
|
510 | (1) |
|
|
511 | (2) |
|
|
513 | (7) |
|
24.13.1 Impact on carbon cycle |
|
|
513 | (1) |
|
24.13.2 Impact on environment |
|
|
513 | (1) |
|
|
514 | (1) |
|
24.13.4 Impact on biodiversity |
|
|
515 | (1) |
|
24.13.5 Allellopathy impact |
|
|
515 | (1) |
|
|
516 | (1) |
|
24.13.7 Socioeconomic threat |
|
|
517 | (2) |
|
24.13.8 Threat to food security, agriculture, and livestock production |
|
|
519 | (1) |
|
24.13.9 Threat to Forest ecosystem |
|
|
519 | (1) |
|
24.13.10 Impact of ecological invasion on ecosystem function |
|
|
520 | (1) |
|
24.13.11 Threat to human health |
|
|
520 | (1) |
|
24.13.12 Threat to tourism |
|
|
520 | (1) |
|
24.14 Risk assessment for management toward ecological invasion |
|
|
520 | (3) |
|
24.15 Strategic plans for IAS management |
|
|
523 | (1) |
|
24.15.1 Weed management consideration |
|
|
523 | (1) |
|
24.15.2 IWM-an ecological approach |
|
|
523 | (1) |
|
24.16 Research requirements |
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
|
525 | (8) |
|
25 Utilization of three indigenous plant species as alternative to plastic can reduce pollution and bring sustainability in the environment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
533 | (1) |
|
25.2 Application of plants as alternate biodegradable source of plastics for reducing the environmental pollution |
|
|
534 | (2) |
|
25.2.1 Narrowleaf cattail (Typha domingensis) |
|
|
534 | (1) |
|
25.2.2 Mazri palm (Nannorrhops ritchieana) |
|
|
535 | (1) |
|
25.2.3 Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) |
|
|
535 | (1) |
|
25.3 Application of eco-friendly alternatives for sustainable environment |
|
|
536 | (1) |
|
25.4 Management strategies |
|
|
537 | (2) |
|
25.4.1 Biological methods |
|
|
537 | (1) |
|
|
537 | (1) |
|
|
537 | (1) |
|
25.4.4 Environmental awareness |
|
|
537 | (1) |
|
|
538 | (1) |
|
25.4.6 Why not biodegradable handicrafts? Alternatives to plastics |
|
|
538 | (1) |
|
25.4.7 Role of Typha, Nannorrhops, and Phoenix in phytoremediation |
|
|
538 | (1) |
|
25.5 Threats to Phoenix, Nannorrhops, and Typha |
|
|
539 | (1) |
|
25.6 Conservation and Management of Phoenix, Nannorrhops, and Typha, in Pakistani context |
|
|
540 | (1) |
|
25.7 Policy formulation and legal framework |
|
|
540 | (1) |
|
25.8 Future perspectives of pollution abatement through plants |
|
|
540 | (1) |
|
|
541 | (1) |
|
|
541 | (4) |
|
26 Sustainable natural resources exploitation: Clay/sand mining on diminishing greener security and increased climate risks in Nigeria |
|
|
|
|
|
|
545 | (1) |
|
26.2 Statement of problem |
|
|
546 | (1) |
|
|
547 | (1) |
|
26.4 Materials and methods |
|
|
547 | (2) |
|
26.5 Results and discussion |
|
|
549 | (4) |
|
26.6 Environmental effects of sand/clay mining in Uruezi-Egbema |
|
|
553 | (2) |
|
26.7 Estimation of the volume sand/clay extracted in Uruezi-Egbema |
|
|
555 | (4) |
|
26.8 Policy development and legal framework regarding clay/sand mining in Nigeria |
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
|
560 | (3) |
|
27 Study of the composition of PM2.5 aerosols on heavy metals in primary schools: Case of Tiaret City (Algeria) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
563 | (1) |
|
27.1.1 Epidemiology and impact of PM2.5 on human health |
|
|
563 | (1) |
|
27.2 Materials and methods |
|
|
564 | (2) |
|
|
564 | (1) |
|
27.2.2 Origin of experimental equipment |
|
|
564 | (1) |
|
27.2.3 Selection of sites |
|
|
564 | (1) |
|
27.2.4 Methodology of analyze |
|
|
565 | (1) |
|
27.3 Results and discussion |
|
|
566 | (9) |
|
27.3.1 Class of pollution |
|
|
566 | (2) |
|
27.3.2 Seasonal variation of pollution |
|
|
568 | (3) |
|
27.3.3 Variation of heavy metals during sampling time |
|
|
571 | (1) |
|
27.3.4 Change of heavy metals depending on the event and sampling time |
|
|
572 | (1) |
|
27.3.5 Correlation matrix of heavy metals |
|
|
573 | (2) |
|
27.4 Sustainable planning and institutional development for combating air pollution |
|
|
575 | (1) |
|
27.5 Nature-based solution toward sustainable planning in Algeria |
|
|
575 | (1) |
|
27.6 Management and sustainability approaches to combat PM2.5 aerosols in Tiaret, Algeria |
|
|
576 | (1) |
|
|
576 | (1) |
|
|
577 | (1) |
|
|
577 | (4) |
|
28 Characterizing to sustain the agrobiodiversity in the Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia |
|
|
|
|
|
581 | (1) |
|
28.1.1 Background of the study |
|
|
581 | (1) |
|
28.1.2 Objectives of the study |
|
|
582 | (1) |
|
28.2 Materials and methods |
|
|
582 | (3) |
|
28.2.1 The study area description |
|
|
582 | (1) |
|
28.2.2 Sampling techniques |
|
|
583 | (1) |
|
|
584 | (1) |
|
|
584 | (1) |
|
28.3 Result and discussion |
|
|
585 | (18) |
|
28.3.1 Agrobiodiversity of Gedeo Zone |
|
|
585 | (3) |
|
28.3.2 Classification of agrobiodiversity into clusters |
|
|
588 | (1) |
|
28.3.3 Agrobiodiversity among the three clusters |
|
|
589 | (1) |
|
28.3.4 Functional groups/use-categories Gedeo agrobiodiversity |
|
|
590 | (1) |
|
28.3.5 Multipurpose plant species in the Gedeo agrobiodiversity |
|
|
590 | (1) |
|
28.3.6 Traditional beehive making and honey production |
|
|
591 | (2) |
|
|
593 | (1) |
|
|
593 | (1) |
|
28.3.9 Live fence and fodder plants |
|
|
594 | (1) |
|
28.3.10 Ranking and scoring of the selected multipurpose tree species |
|
|
595 | (1) |
|
28.3.11 Enset: Food security crop |
|
|
595 | (2) |
|
28.3.12 Medicinal plants in the Gedeo agrobiodiversity |
|
|
597 | (3) |
|
28.3.13 Phytogeographical comparison |
|
|
600 | (1) |
|
28.3.14 Endemic plants and their status under IUCN Red List |
|
|
601 | (1) |
|
28.3.15 Indigenous management practices of agrobiodiversity |
|
|
601 | (1) |
|
28.3.16 Threats to Gedeo agrobiodiversity |
|
|
602 | (1) |
|
28.4 Conclusion and recommendations |
|
|
603 | (1) |
Appendix I: Semistructured interview questions |
|
603 | (1) |
Appendix II |
|
604 | (6) |
References |
|
610 | (3) |
Index |
|
613 | |