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E-raamat: Nutritional Strategies for the Diabetic/Prediabetic Patient

  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 27-Jan-2006
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781420014884
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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 27-Jan-2006
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781420014884

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This resource for clinicians presents detailed, evidence-based information on the nutritional support of patients with diabetes. Coverage includes recommendations for pre-diabetic patients, as well as those with Type I, Type II, or gestational varieties of the disease. Written by practicing physicians, the 15 chapters make clear the connections between nutrition and (for example) wound healing, exercise, and medications. The editors are affiliated with Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York. Annotation ©2006 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

While nutrition is central to the management of diabetes, there is no one “diabetic diet”. Nutritional prescriptions depend on the type of diabetes, food preferences, lifestyle, treatment regimen, comorbidities, state of health, and the route of caloric administration. Nutritional Strategies for the Diabetic/Prediabetic Patient is a comprehensive reference aimed at advancing physicians’ knowledge of nutrition in relation to diabetes, allowing them to provide evidence-based recommendations for their diabetic patients. It also provides dietitians and diabetic educators with an in-depth understanding of the pathophysiology and medical treatment of diabetes.

Written by scientists, clinicians, registered dietitians, and certified diabetes educators, this book reviews the molecular mechanisms of disease and drug therapy. It also provides recommendations for management with the level of evidence indicated where appropriate. In areas where little research data is available, the editors present recommendations based on extensive clinical experience. The book places particular focus on the synchronization of nutrient intake with medications, and provides unique clinical management tools, along with details of their ability to be replicated for patient use. To facilitate accessibility, it features evidence-based technical reviews of clinical literature and includes numerous tables and figures, with color photos of wound healing stages.

Addressing all aspects of nutrition in adult diabetic and prediabetic patients, Nutritional Strategies for the Diabetic/Prediabetic Patient is an important referencefor those concerned with the dietary management of this disease.

Foundations of Nutritional Medicine: From Basic Concepts to Genomic Medicine
1(14)
Ronenn Roubenoff
Evolution and Current State of Nutritional Medicine
1(2)
The Ups and Downs of Nutrition in Medicine
1(1)
Inpatient Nutrition Support
2(1)
Outpatient Nutrition Support
2(1)
Future Directions
3(1)
Basic Concepts
3(8)
Nutrition through the Life Cycle
3(1)
Effect of Acute Illness
4(1)
Importance of Premorbid Status
4(1)
Importance of Intra-Morbid Nutritional Support
4(1)
Importance of Post-Illness Rehabilitation
5(1)
Nutritional Assessment
6(1)
Undernutrition
6(1)
Overnutrition and Obesity
7(1)
Energy Balance
7(1)
CNS Mechanisms of Appetite Control
8(1)
Physical Activity
8(3)
Care of the Diabetic and Prediabetic Patient
11(2)
Diet
11(1)
Future Directions
11(1)
Personalized Medicine and Personalized Nutrition
11(2)
References
13(2)
Pathophysiology and Clinical Management of Diabetes and Prediabetes
15(30)
Elliot J. Rayfield
Marilyn V. Valentine
Definition of Diabetes Mellitus
16(1)
Demographics
16(1)
Diagnostic Criteria of Diabetes
16(1)
Classification of Different Types of Diabetes
16(23)
Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus
16(1)
Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus
17(1)
Genetic Defects of the β-Cell
17(1)
Mitochondrial Diabetes
17(1)
Genetic Defects in Insulin Action
18(1)
Diseases of the Exocrine Pancreas
18(1)
Diseases Associated with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus
18(1)
Secondary Diabetes Mellitus
18(1)
Drugs, Chemicals and Toxins That Cause Hyperglycemia
18(1)
Post-Transplant Diabetes
19(1)
Gestational Diabetes
19(1)
Prediabetic Conditions
20(1)
Risk Factors for Type-2 Diabetes
20(1)
Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus
21(1)
Insulin Secretagogues
21(1)
Insulin Resistance and Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus
22(1)
Effects of Hyperglycemia
22(1)
Glucose Toxicity
23(1)
Nitric Oxide
24(1)
Endothelial Dysfunction
24(1)
Diabetic Complications
25(4)
Treatment of Diabetes
29(1)
Clinical Management of Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus
29(1)
Acute Management
29(1)
Intermediate Management
29(1)
Long-Term Management
30(3)
Clinical Management of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus
33(1)
Pharmacologic Treatment of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus
33(5)
Other Long-Term Management Issues Associated with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus
38(1)
Future Directions
38(1)
References
39(6)
Preventive Nutritional Strategies in Diabetic and Prediabetic Patients
45(10)
Donald D. Hensrud
Introduction
45(1)
Basic Concepts of Preventive Medicine
46(1)
Nutritional Risk Factors in the Development of Type-1 Diabetes
46(1)
Cow's Milk Protein
46(1)
Wheat Gluten
46(1)
Vitamin D
47(1)
Vitamin E, Nitrites, and Nitrates
47(1)
Nicotinamide
47(1)
Summary of Nutritional Risk Factors and Type-1 Diabetes
47(1)
Major Risk Factors for Type-2 Diabetes
47(1)
Nutritional Risk Factors in the Development of Type-2 Diabetes
48(1)
Total Calorie Intake
48(1)
Weight Loss
48(1)
Clinical Trials of Lifestyle Intervention in the Secondary Prevention of Type-2 Diabetes
48(1)
Diet Composition
49(1)
Dietary Fat
49(1)
Dietary Carbohydrate
49(1)
Specific Foods
50(1)
Micronutrients
50(1)
Observational Studies on Dietary Patterns and Type-2 Diabetes
50(1)
Nutritional Strategies for Tertiary Prevention in Diabetes
50(1)
Other Guidelines for Diabetes and Nutrition
51(1)
Summary
51(1)
References
52(3)
Nutritional Strategies for Patients with Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome
55(26)
Robert F. Kushner
Julie L. Roth
Defining the Metabolic Syndrome
56(1)
The Scope of the Problem
56(2)
Pathophysiology
58(1)
Obesity
59(5)
Identification and Evaluation of the Obese Patient
60(1)
Treatment of Obesity
60(4)
Weight Loss and Dietary Approaches to the Metabolic Syndrome
64(3)
The Dyslipidemia Component
67(3)
Prevalence
67(1)
Pathophysiology
67(1)
Lifestyle Management
68(2)
The Impaired Fasting Glucose Component
70(1)
Prevalence
70(1)
Pathophysiology
70(1)
Lifestyle Management
70(1)
The Hypertensive Component
71(1)
Prevalence
71(1)
Pathophysiology
71(1)
Lifestyle Management
72(1)
Conclusions and Recommendations
72(1)
References
73(8)
Medical Nutrition Therapy for Patients with Type-2 Diabetes
81(24)
Bantwal Suresh Baliga
Zachary Bloomgarden
Cathy Nonas
Goals and Components of Medical Nutrition Therapy
81(1)
Dietary Components of Medical Nutrition Therapy for Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus
82(7)
Calorie Restriction---Weight Loss
82(2)
Calorie Restriction---Beyond Weight Loss
84(1)
Dietary Carbohydrate
84(1)
Dietary Fiber
85(2)
Dietary Protein
87(1)
Dietary Fats
87(1)
Alcohol Intake
88(1)
Micronutrient Intake
88(1)
Non-Sucrose Sweeteners
89(1)
The Food Pyramid
89(1)
The Exchange List
90(1)
Diet and Diabetes Prevention Trials
91(5)
Specific Diets
91(2)
Atkins Diet®
93(2)
South Beach Diet®
95(1)
Glycemic Index (GI®) Diet: The Easy Healthy Way to Permanent Weight Loss
95(1)
Zone Diet®
95(1)
Very Low-Fat/High-Carbohydrate Diet
96(1)
Synchronization of Diet with Medications in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus
96(1)
Conclusion
97(1)
References
97(8)
Nutrition and Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus
105(12)
Stuart Weiss
Insulin Regimens
106(1)
Modern Diabetes Management
106(1)
Carbohydrate Counting
107(2)
The Glycemic Index
109(1)
Glycemic Load
109(1)
Protein
109(2)
Fiber
111(1)
Sugar
111(1)
Fat
111(1)
Getting Started
112(1)
Experience over Time
113(1)
Consequences of Improved Metabolic Control
113(1)
Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems as a Tool for Evaluating Dietary Management
114(1)
References
114(3)
Carbohydrate Counting: Description and Resources
117(8)
Hope S. Warshaw
Basic Carbohydrate Counting
117(1)
Advanced Carbohydrate Counting
118(1)
Process of Building a Personal Food Database
118(1)
Resources for Carbohydrate and Nutrition Information
119(1)
Educational Resources
120(2)
Books
120(1)
Restaurant Foods
121(1)
Online Information from Web Sites
121(1)
Downloadable Data for Personal Digital Assistance
121(1)
Cookbooks Using Carbohydrate Counting
121(1)
Professional Resources for Teaching Carbohydrate Counting
121(1)
Consumer Books for Learning Carbohydrate Counting
121(1)
Consumer Materials on the Exchange System
122(1)
Making Referrals for Carbohydrate Counting Training
122(1)
References
122(3)
Continuous Insulin Infusion Therapy and Nutrition
125(8)
Andrew Jay Drexler
Carolyn Robertson
Rationale for Insulin Pump Therapy
125(1)
Basal-Bolus Insulin Therapy
126(2)
Some Technical Aspects of CSII Use
128(1)
Medical Nutrition Therapy
129(1)
Weight Gain
130(1)
Special Situations
131(1)
References
131(2)
Nutritional Strategies in Pregestational, Gestational, and Postpartum Diabetic Patients
133(16)
Zohair Hussain
Lois Jovanovic
Introduction
133(1)
Pregestational Diabetes and Pre-Pregnancy Planning
134(3)
Oral Medications and Insulin
135(1)
Prepregnancy Assessment of Diabetes-Related Medical Conditions
136(1)
Retinopathy
136(1)
Renal Function
137(1)
Heart Disease
137(1)
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
137(3)
Risks of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
140(1)
Screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
140(1)
Diets Designed to Minimize Postprandial Hyperglycemia for the Pregnant Diabetic Woman
140(3)
Proper Weight Gain
143(1)
Exercise
143(1)
Insulin Therapy
144(1)
Postpartum Care
145(1)
References
146(3)
Nutritional Strategies for the Patient with Diabetic Nephropathy
149(22)
Joseph A. Vassalotti
Pathophysiology and Natural History
150(1)
Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy
151(3)
Hypertension
151(1)
Tobacco Cessation
152(1)
Glycemic Control
152(1)
Renal and Pancreas Replacement Therapies
152(1)
Hemodialysis
152(1)
Peritoneal Dialysis
153(1)
Kidney Transplantation
153(1)
Pancreas Transplantation
153(1)
Nutritional Interventions in Diabetic Nephropathy
154(7)
Sodium Restriction
154(1)
Lipid Management
154(1)
Protein-Energy Requirements in Stage 1--4 Chronic Kidney Disease
155(2)
Protein-Energy Requirements in Stage 5 Chronic Kidney Disease or End-Stage Renal Disease
157(1)
Oral and Enteral Protein-Energy Supplementation
158(1)
Peritoneal Dialysate Amino Acid and Insulin Content
158(1)
Intradialytic Parenteral Nutrition
159(1)
Anabolic Agents and Appetite Stimulants
159(1)
Phosphate Restriction and Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
160(1)
Potassium and Magnesium Restriction
160(1)
Vitamins, Minerals, and Antioxidants
160(1)
Nutritional Issues for the Kidney- and Pancreas-Transplant Diabetic Patient
161(2)
Kidney Transplantation
161(1)
Kidney--Pancreas Transplantation
162(1)
Conclusions and Recommendations
163(1)
References
164(7)
Nutrition Support and Hyperglycemia
171(22)
Elise M. Brett
Causes of Hyperglycemia
171(2)
Rationale for Glycemic Control in Hospitalized Patients
173(2)
Clinical Practice Guidelines for Glycemic Control among Hospitalized Patients
175(1)
Nutrition Support
175(2)
Parenteral Nutrition
177(3)
Macronutrient Requirements
177(2)
Insulinization with Parenteral Nutrition
179(1)
Chromium Content in Parenteral Nutrition
180(1)
Enteral Nutrition
180(5)
Macronutrient Requirements
182(1)
Micronutrient Supplements
182(1)
Insulinization with Enteral Nutrition
182(3)
Hypoglycemia
185(1)
References
185(8)
Nutritional Strategies for Wound Healing in Diabetic Patients
193(28)
Neal G. Breit
Jeffrey I. Mechanick
General Discussion of Wound Types
193(4)
Diabetic Ulcers
195(1)
Pressure Ulcers
196(1)
Venous Ulcers
197(1)
Principles of Wound Formation and Healing
197(5)
Stages of Wound Healing
197(5)
Wound Healing in Diabetic Patients
202(1)
Specific Nutritional Interventions for Wound Healing in Diabetic Patients
202(8)
Nitrogen
203(1)
Whole Protein
203(1)
Arginine
204(1)
Glutamine
204(1)
Vitamins
204(1)
Vitamin A
204(1)
Vitamin C
205(1)
Vitamin E
206(1)
Minerals and Trace Elements
206(1)
Boron
206(1)
Calcium
207(1)
Copper
207(1)
Magnesium
207(1)
Zinc
207(1)
Insulin
208(2)
An Integrated Nutritional Approach to Wound Healing in Diabetic Patients
210(1)
References
211(10)
Mitochondrial Function in Diabetes: Pathophysiology and Nutritional Therapeutics
221(44)
Jeffrey I. Mechanick
Introduction
221(1)
Mitochondrial Physiology
222(3)
Mitochondrial Diabetes
225(5)
Pathophysiology of Mitochondrial Diabetes
225(5)
General Treatment Strategies for Primary Mitochondrial Diseases
230(2)
General Overview of Nutritional Therapies Targeting Mitochondrial Function or Used for Mitochondrial Diabetes
232(1)
Technical Review of Specific Nutritional Therapies Targeting Mitochondrial Function in Diabetic and Prediabetic Patients
233(12)
Protein and Amino Acids
233(1)
Fatty Acids
234(1)
Coenzyme Q10
235(2)
α-Lipoic Acid
237(1)
Carnitine
238(1)
Creatine
239(1)
Thiamin
239(1)
Riboflavin
240(1)
Niacin
240(1)
Biotin
241(1)
Selenium
242(1)
Zinc
242(1)
Copper
242(1)
Vitamin A
243(1)
Vitamin C
243(1)
Vitamin E
244(1)
Vitamin K
245(1)
Conclusions
245(1)
References
246(19)
The Rational Use of Dietary Supplements, Nutraceuticals, and Functional Foods for the Diabetic and Prediabetic Patient
265(32)
Jeffrey I. Mechanick
Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)
266(1)
Anti-Diabetic Botanicals
267(12)
Herbs
268(4)
Ayurveda
272(1)
Traditional Chinese Medical System
273(1)
Culinary Botanicals
273(2)
Tea and Coffee
275(1)
Wine and Other Alcoholic Beverages
275(4)
Minerals
279(4)
Chromium
279(1)
Vanadium
280(1)
Magnesium
281(2)
Zinc
283(1)
Other DS/N-FF
283(1)
Vitamin C
283(1)
Coenzyme Q10
283(1)
Glucosamine-Chondroitin
283(1)
Oral Amino Acids
283(1)
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
284(1)
Conclusions
284(2)
References
286(11)
Exercise, Nutrition, and Diabetes
297(16)
Philip Rabito
Jeffrey I. Mechanick
Elise M. Brett
Introduction
297(2)
Metabolic Changes with Exercise
299(3)
Exercise in Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus
302(2)
Exercise and Prediabetes
304(1)
Exercise and Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus
304(1)
Exercise in Gestational Diabetes
305(1)
References
306(7)
Appendix 1 Abbreviations 313(8)
Appendix 2 Levels of Evidence and Recommendation Grades Used for Technical Reviews 321(2)
Appendix 3 Dietary Reference Intakes of Relevant Nutrients for the Adult Diabetic or Prediabetic Patient 323(2)
Appendix 4 Diabetes Management Patient Record Handout 325(2)
Appendix 5 Dietary Tips for Pregnancy and Diabetes 327(4)
Claudia Shwide-Slavin
Appendix 6 Case Study: Office-Based Nutritional Counseling 331(6)
Don Smith
Index 337


Mechanick, Jeffrey I. | Brett, Elise M.