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E-raamat: Oracle Database 12c Release 2 Real Application Clusters Handbook: Concepts, Administration, Tuning & Troubleshooting

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  • Sari: Oracle Press
  • Ilmumisaeg: 22-Feb-2018
  • Kirjastus: McGraw-Hill Professional
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780071830478
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Oracle Database 12c Release 2 Real Application Clusters Handbook: Concepts, Administration, Tuning & TroubleshootingSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Sari: Oracle Press
  • Ilmumisaeg: 22-Feb-2018
  • Kirjastus: McGraw-Hill Professional
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780071830478
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Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. Master Oracle Database 12c Release 2 Real Application Clusters with this comprehensive, fully updated guideNow you can maintain a dynamic enterprise computing infrastructure with expert instruction from an Oracle ACE. Oracle Database 12c Release 2 Real Application Clusters Handbook: Concepts, Administration, Tuning, and Troubleshooting has been thoroughly revised and updated to cover the latest tools and features. Find out how to prepare your hardware, deploy Oracle Real Application Clusters, and integrate seamless failover protection. Troubleshooting, performance tuning, and application development are also discussed in this comprehensive Oracle Press guide. Install and configure Oracle Database 12c Release 2 Real Application Clusters Configure and manage disk groups using Oracle Automatic Storage Management Work with services, voting disks, and Oracle Clusterware repository Diagnose performance problems with Oracle Wait Interface Look under the hood of Cache Fusion and Global Resource Directory operations Explore the internal workings of backup and recovery in Oracle Real Application Clusters Employ workload balancing and Transparent Application Failover Troubleshoot Oracle Clusterware using advanced diagnostics Develop custom Oracle Real Application Clusters applications
Acknowledgments xxi
Introduction xxiii
Part I High Availability Architecture and Clusters
1 Introduction to High Availability and Scalability
3(16)
High Availability
4(11)
HA Terminology
5(1)
Planned and Unplanned Outages
6(1)
An End-to-End Perspective
6(1)
Cost of Downtime
7(2)
Building Redundant Components
9(1)
Common Solutions for HA
10(1)
Cluster, Cold Failover, and Hot Failover
11(3)
HA Option Pros and Cons
14(1)
Scalability
15(1)
The Oracle RAC Solution
15(1)
Agility
16(2)
The Oracle Database 12c RAC Solution
17(1)
Summary
18(1)
2 Oracle Database Clustering Basics and Its Evolution
19(24)
Cloud Computing with Clusters
21(4)
Shared Storage in Clustering
25(5)
Types of Clustering Architectures
25(5)
Hadoop Clusters
30(2)
Architecture of Hadoop
31(1)
Historical Background of Oracle RAC
32(1)
Oracle Parallel Storage Evaluation
32(1)
Oracle Parallel Server Architecture
33(1)
Components of an OPS Database
34(6)
Cluster Group Services (CGS)
35(1)
Distributed Lock Manager (DLM)
35(1)
Locking Concepts in Oracle Parallel Server
35(4)
Cache Fusion Stage 1, CR Server
39(1)
The Oracle RAC Solution
40(1)
Availability
40(1)
Scalability
41(1)
Affordability
41(1)
Summary
41(2)
3 Oracle RAC Architecture
43(34)
Introduction to Oracle Real Application Clusters
44(4)
Single-Instance Environment vs. Oracle RAC Environment
45(1)
Oracle Flex Clusters
46(1)
Oracle Extended Clusters
47(1)
Oracle Multitenant and Oracle RAC
47(1)
Administrator- vs. Policy-Managed Databases
48(1)
Dynamic Services
48(1)
Oracle Database Quality of Service Management
49(1)
Oracle RAC Components
49(11)
Shared Disk System
49(2)
Oracle Clusterware
51(8)
The Oracle High Availability Services Technology Stack
59(1)
Oracle RAC Networking Concepts and Components
60(7)
Key Networking Concepts
60(2)
The Networking Stack Components
62(5)
Oracle Kernel Components
67(6)
Global Cache and Global Enqueue Services
67(1)
Global Resource Directory
67(1)
Oracle RAC Background Processes
68(5)
Summary
73(4)
Part II Installation, Configuration, and Storage
4 Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation
77(50)
An Overview of the Grid Infrastructure Installation Process
79(2)
Preinstallation Tasks
81(20)
Understanding the Installer, CVU, and ORAchk
82(1)
Configuring the Operating System
82(1)
Configuring the Network
83(5)
Configuring NTP
88(1)
Setting Up the Groups and Users
88(1)
Creating the Required Linux Directories
89(1)
Configuring Shared Storage
90(5)
Secure Shell and User Limits Configuration
95(1)
Setting User Limits
95(1)
Configuring the Kernel Parameters
96(1)
Running the Cluster Verification Utility
96(4)
Installing Oracle Grid Infrastructure with OUI
100(1)
Installing Oracle Grid Infrastructure
101(24)
Choosing the Installation Options and Naming Your Cluster
101(3)
Specifying the Cluster Nodes and Verifying SSH Connectivity
104(3)
Specifying the Network Interfaces
107(1)
Selecting the Storage Options
108(5)
Specifying Management Options and Privileged OS System Groups
113(2)
Performing the Prerequisite Checks
115(1)
Running the root Scripts
116(6)
The Product Installation
122(2)
Verifying the Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation
124(1)
Summary
125(2)
5 Installing Oracle RAC and Creating an Oracle RAC Database
127(22)
Installing Oracle Real Application Clusters
129(11)
Creating the Oracle RAC Database
140(8)
Summary
148(1)
6 Automatic Storage Management
149(52)
Standard Oracle ASM and Oracle Flex ASM
150(1)
Introduction to Automatic Storage Management
151(11)
Physical Limits of ASM
151(1)
ASM in Operation
152(2)
ASM Building Blocks
154(8)
Managing Oracle ASM Files and Directories
162(2)
ASM Filenames
162(1)
Creating and Referencing ASM Files
163(1)
Managing Disk Group Directories
164(1)
ASM Administration and Management
164(10)
Managing an ASM Instance
165(8)
ASM Initialization Parameters
173(1)
Managing ASM Disk Groups
174(4)
Creating a Disk Group
176(1)
Adding Disks to a Disk Group
176(1)
Dropping, Undropping, Resizing, and Renaming Disks in a Disk Group
177(1)
Administering ACFS
178(2)
Setting Up ACFS
179(1)
Creating an ACFS Snapshot
180(1)
ASM Disk Rebalancing
180(5)
Manually Rebalancing a Disk Group
182(1)
Rebalancing Phase Options
183(1)
Monitoring the Performance of Balancing Operations
184(1)
Tuning Disk Rebalancing Operations
184(1)
Backup and Recovery in ASM
185(1)
ASM Flex Clusters
186(6)
Configuration of Oracle ASM in Flex ASM
187(1)
Setting Up Flex ASM
187(1)
Managing ASM Flex Disk Groups
188(1)
Understanding ASM File Groups and ASM Quota Groups
189(2)
Oracle Extended Disk Groups
191(1)
ASM Tools
192(3)
ASMCA: The ASM Configuration Assistant
192(1)
ASMCMD: The ASM Command-Line Utility
192(2)
ASM FTP Utility
194(1)
ASMLib
195(3)
Installing ASMLib
195(1)
Configuring ASMLib
196(1)
Oracle ASM Filter Driver (Oracle ASMFD)
197(1)
Summary
198(3)
Part III Oracle RAC Administration and Management
7 Oracle RAC Basic Administration
201(36)
Oracle RAC Initialization Parameters
202(7)
Parameters That Are Unique to an Instance
203(3)
Identical Parameters
206(2)
Instance Parameters That "Should" Be the Same
208(1)
Managing the Parameter File
208(1)
Backing Up the Server Parameter File
209(1)
Search Order for the Parameter Files in an Oracle RAC Database
209(6)
Starting and Stopping Instances
210(1)
Using SRVCTL to Start/Stop Databases and Instance(s)
210(4)
Administering the Oracle ASM Instances
214(1)
Using CRSCTL to Stop Databases and Instances
214(1)
Using SQLPlus to Start/Stop Instances
214(1)
Common SRVCTL Management Commands
215(5)
Database-Related SRVCTL Commands
216(1)
Instance-Related SRVCTL Commands
217(1)
Listener-Related SRVCTL Commands
217(1)
Setting, Unsetting, and Displaying the Environment Variables
218(1)
Changing the Configuration of Databases and Instances
218(1)
Relocating Services
219(1)
Removing the Configuration Information for Specific Targets
219(1)
Predicting the Impact of Failures
219(1)
Managing Pluggable Databases in a RAC Environment
220(1)
Administering Undo in an Oracle RAC Database
221(1)
Administering a Temporary Tablespace
222(3)
Managing Traditional (Global) Tablespaces
222(1)
Managing Local Temporary Tablespaces
223(1)
Hierarchy of Temporary Tablespaces
224(1)
Administering Online Redo Logs
225(1)
Enabling Archive Logs in the Oracle RAC Environment
225(1)
Enabling the Flashback Area
225(2)
Managing Database Configuration with SRVCTL
227(3)
Killing Sessions on Specific Instances of a Cluster
230(1)
Managing Database Objects
231(1)
Managing Sequences
231(1)
Managing Tables
231(1)
Managing Indexes
231(1)
Scope of SQL Commands
231(1)
Database Connections
231(1)
Administering Server Pools
232(4)
Configuring Server Pools
233(1)
Consolidation of Databases
234(1)
Creating a Server Pool
234(1)
Converting an Administrator-Managed Database to a Policy-Managed Database
235(1)
Summary
236(1)
8 Managing Oracle Clusterware
237(36)
Configuring and Administering Oracle Clusterware
238(4)
Benefits of Server Pools
239(1)
Server Pools and Policy-Based Management
239(1)
Server Pools and Categorization
239(1)
How Server Pools Work
239(1)
Types of Server Pools
240(1)
Creating Server Pools
240(1)
Evaluating the Addition of a Server Pool
241(1)
Deleting a Server Pool
241(1)
Role-Separated Management
242(1)
Managing Cluster Administrators
242(1)
Configuring Role Separation
242(1)
Using the crsetl setperm Command
242(1)
Weight-Based Server Node Eviction
243(1)
Administering SCAN
244(3)
Starting and Stopping SCAN
244(1)
Displaying the SCAN Status
245(2)
Administering the Grid Naming Service (GNS)
247(1)
Using the CLUVFY Utility for Managing Oracle RAC
247(1)
Clusterware Startup
248(5)
The Clusterware Startup Process
248(1)
Clusterware Starting Sequence
249(3)
Oracle Clusterware Auto-Startup
252(1)
Oracle Clusterware Manual Startup
253(1)
Using CRSCTL to Manage the Clusterware
253(4)
Starting and Stopping CRS
253(1)
Clusterized (Cluster-Aware) CRSCTL Commands
254(1)
Verifying the Status of CRS
255(1)
Disabling and Enabling CRS
256(1)
The CRSCTL EVAL Commands
256(1)
Using Other Utilities to Manage Oracle Clusterware
257(8)
Using the olsnodes Command
257(1)
The GPnP Tool
258(1)
The Cluster Health Monitor
259(1)
The OCLUMON Tool
259(1)
Oracle Interface Configuration: oifcfg
260(1)
Cluster Configuration Utility: clscfg
261(1)
The Cluster Name Check Utility: cemutlo
261(1)
Oracle Trace File Analyzer
262(3)
Administering the OCR
265(3)
Checking OCR Integrity
266(1)
Dumping OCR Information
266(1)
Managing the OCR with the OCRCONFIG Utility
267(1)
Maintaining a Mirror OCR
267(1)
Migrating the OCR to ASM
267(1)
Administering the Oracle Local Registry
268(1)
Administering the Voting Disks
269(2)
Using ASM Storage for Voting Files
269(1)
Backing Up Voting Disks
270(1)
Restoring Voting Disks
270(1)
Adding and Deleting Voting Disks
271(1)
Migrating Voting Disks
271(1)
Summary
271(2)
9 Oracle RAC Backup and Recovery
273(24)
Introduction to Backups
274(1)
Oracle Backup Options
274(1)
Oracle Backup Basics
275(3)
Performing Backups in Oracle
276(2)
Instance Recovery in Oracle RAC
278(3)
Redo Threads and Streams
279(1)
Redo Records and Change Vectors
279(1)
Checkpoints
279(2)
Crash Recovery
281(1)
Steps in Crash Recovery (Single Instance)
281(1)
Crash Recovery in Oracle RAC
282(1)
Instance Recovery
282(1)
Crash Recovery and Media Recovery
283(3)
Bounded Recovery
283(1)
Block-Written Record (BWR)
283(1)
Past Image (PI)
284(1)
Two-Pass Recovery
284(1)
Cache Fusion Recovery
285(1)
Dynamic Reconfiguration and Affinity Remastering
286(6)
Fast Reconfiguration in Oracle RAC
287(2)
Internals of Cache Fusion Recovery
289(3)
Backup and Recovery of the Voting Disk and OCR
292(3)
Backup and Recovery of Voting Disks
292(1)
Backup and Recovery of OCR
293(2)
Validating OCR Backups
295(1)
Summary
295(2)
10 Oracle RAC Performance Management
297(38)
Oracle RAC Design Considerations
298(2)
Oracle Design Best Practices
298(1)
Oracle RAC-Specific Design Best Practices
299(1)
Partitioning the Workload
300(1)
Scalability and Performance
300(2)
Choosing the Block Size for an Oracle RAC Database
302(1)
Introduction to the V$ and GV$ Views
302(1)
Parallel Query Slaves
303(1)
V$ Views Containing Cache Fusion Statistics
303(1)
Oracle RAC Wait Events
303(12)
Understanding Cluster Waits
304(11)
Global Cache Statistics
315(2)
Global Cache Statistics Summary
317(1)
Global Cache Service Times
317(4)
Global Cache Service Times Summary
320(1)
Enqueue Tuning in Oracle RAC
321(1)
Oracle AWR Report
322(8)
Interpreting the AWR Report
323(6)
ADDM
329(1)
ASH Reports
330(1)
Tuning the Cluster Interconnect
330(2)
Verifying That Private Interconnect Is Used
330(1)
Interconnect Latencies
331(1)
Verifying That Network Interconnect Is Not Saturated
332(1)
Summary
332(3)
Part IV Advanced Oracle RAC Concepts
11 Global Resource Directory
335(30)
Resources and Enqueues
336(3)
Grants and Conversions
337(1)
Locks and Enqueues
338(1)
Cache Coherency
339(1)
Global Enqueue Services
340(8)
Latches and Enqueues
340(1)
Global Locks Database and Structure
341(4)
Messaging in Oracle RAC
345(3)
Global Cache Services
348(15)
Lock Modes and Lock Roles
348(4)
Consistent Read Processing
352(3)
GCS Resource Mastering
355(2)
Read-Mostly Locking
357(6)
Summary
363(2)
12 A Closer Look at Cache Fusion
365(38)
Key Components in Cache Fusion
367(2)
Ping
367(1)
Deferred Ping
367(1)
Past Image (PI) Blocks
368(1)
Lock Mastering
368(1)
Types of Contention
369(1)
Cache Fusion I, or Consistent Read Server
369(4)
Cache Fusion II, or Write/Write Cache Fusion
373(27)
Cache Fusion in Operation
375(7)
Cache Fusion Walkthrough
382(17)
Resource Mastering and Remastering
399(1)
Background Processes and Cache Fusion
400(1)
LMON: Lock Monitor Process
400(1)
LMS: Lock Manager Server
400(1)
LMD: Lock Manager Daemon Process (LMDn)
400(1)
LCKn: Lock Process (LCKO)
401(1)
DIAG: Diagnostic Daemon (DIAG)
401(1)
Summary
401(2)
13 Workload Management, Connection Management, and Application Continuity
403(46)
Understanding Dynamic Database Services
404(13)
Service Characteristics
406(4)
Services and Policy-Managed Databases
410(1)
Resource Management and Services
411(1)
Using Services with Oracle Scheduler
411(1)
Administering Services
411(3)
Using Views to Get Service Information
414(1)
Distributed Transaction Processing
415(1)
AQ_HA_Notifications
416(1)
Workload Distribution and Load Balancing
417(10)
Hardware and Software Load Balancing
419(1)
Client-Side Load Balancing
419(4)
Server-Side Load Balancing
423(4)
Transparent Application Failover
427(10)
TAF Considerations
427(5)
Workload Balancing
432(3)
Measuring Workloads by Service
435(1)
Using Service-Level Thresholds
436(1)
Oracle RAC High Availability Features
437(8)
High Availability, Notifications, and FAN
438(1)
Event-Based Notification
438(2)
Application Failure Issues
440(5)
Using Transaction Guard for Efficient Client Failover
445(3)
Application Continuity for Masking Database Outages
446(2)
Summary
448(1)
14 Oracle RAC Troubleshooting
449(30)
Installation Log Files
450(1)
Log Directory Structure in the Oracle RDBMS
451(1)
Log Directory Structure in Oracle Grid Infrastructure
452(1)
Troubleshooting a Failed Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation
453(2)
Inside the Database Alert Log
455(4)
RAC ON and OFF
459(1)
Database Performance Issues
460(3)
Hung Database
460(1)
Hanganalyze Utility
461(2)
Debugging Node Eviction Issues
463(9)
Cluster Health Monitor
465(1)
Instance Membership Recovery
466(6)
Advanced Debugging for Oracle Clusterware Modules
472(2)
Debugging Various Utilities in Oracle RAC
474(1)
Using ORAchk to Troubleshoot RAC
475(1)
Summary
476(3)
Part V Deploying Oracle RAC
15 Extending Oracle RAC for Maximum Availability
479(12)
Benefits of Extended1ZAC Clusters
481(1)
Full Utilization of Resources
481(1)
Extremely Rapid Recovery
481(1)
Design Considerations
482(3)
Speed of Light
482(1)
Network Connectivity
482(1)
Cache Fusion Performance
483(1)
Data Storage
484(1)
Common Techniques for Data Mirroring
485(3)
Array-Based Mirroring
485(1)
Host-Based Mirroring
485(2)
ASM Preferred Read
487(1)
Challenges in Extended Clusters
487(1)
Extended Oracle RAC Limitations
488(1)
Extended Oracle RAC vs. Oracle Data Guard
489(1)
Summary
489(2)
16 Developing Applications for Oracle RAC
491(20)
Application Partitioning
494(2)
Best Practice: Application Partitioning Schemes
495(1)
Data Partitioning
496(2)
Best Practice: Guidance Systems
496(2)
Buffer Busy Waits/Block Contention
498(1)
Index Partitioning
499(3)
Buffer Busy Waits: Index Branch/Leaf Blocks Contention
499(2)
Sorted Hash Clusters
501(1)
Working with Sequences
502(2)
CACHE and NOORDER
502(1)
CACHE and ORDER
503(1)
NOCACHE and ORDER
503(1)
Best Practice: Use Different Sequences for Each Instance
503(1)
Connection Management
504(1)
Full Table Scans
504(3)
Identifying Full Table Scans
505(1)
Interconnect Protocol
506(1)
Ethernet Frame Size
507(1)
Library Cache Effect in the Parsing
507(1)
Commit Frequency
508(1)
Summary
508(3)
Part VI Appendixes
A Oracle RAC Reference
511(28)
Global Cache Services and Cache Fusion Diagnostics
512(7)
V$CACHE
512(2)
V$CACHE_TRANSFER
514(1)
V$INSTANCE_CACHE_TRANSFER
515(1)
V$CR_BLOCK_SERVER
516(1)
V$CURRENT_BLOCK_SERVER
517(1)
V$GC_ELEMENT
518(1)
Global Enqueue Services Diagnostics
519(17)
V$LOCK
519(1)
V$GES_BLOCKING_ENQUEUE
520(2)
V$ENQUEUE_STATISTICS
522(10)
V$LOCKED_OBJECT
532(1)
V$GES_STATISTICS
532(1)
V$GES_ENQUEUE
532(2)
V$GES_CONVERT_LOCAL
534(1)
V$GES_CONVERT_REMOTE
535(1)
V$GES_RESOURCE
535(1)
Dynamic Resource Remastering Diagnostics
536(1)
V$HVMASTER_INFO
536(1)
V$GCSHVMASTER_INFO
536(1)
V$GCSPFMASTER_INFO
537(1)
Cluster Interconnect Diagnostics
537(2)
V$CLUSTER_INTERCONNECTS
537(1)
V$CONFIGURED_INTERCONNECTS
538(1)
B Adding and Removing Cluster Nodes
539(8)
Adding a Node
540(2)
Performing Pre-Installation Checks
540(1)
Executing the addNode.sh Script
541(1)
Installing the Oracle Database Software
542(1)
Creating a Database Instance
542(1)
Removing a Node
543(4)
Deleting the Instance on the Node to Be Deleted
543(1)
Removing the Node from the Database
543(1)
Removing the RAC4 Node from the Clusterware
544(3)
Index 547
K. Gopalakrishnan (Gopal) is an award-winning coauthor ("Oracle Author of the Year 2005"-Oracle Magazine) of Oracle Wait Interface (Oracle Press). He also authored Oracle Database 10g Real Application Clusters also from Oracle Press (Nov 2006). He has published articles in various international Magazines and is recognized as one of the leading database performance tuning experts in the world. Oracle Technology Network also recognizes him as an Oracle ACE. Gopal has worked with several of the biggest and busiest databases on the planet and has deep experience in the performance management and tuning of very large online transactional databases.





Sam R. Alapati is an experienced Oracle DBA who holds the Oracle OCP DBA (11g) certification and the Hewlett-Packard UNIX System Administrator certification. He currently manages Oracle databases at the Boy Scouts of Americas national office in Irving, Texas. Previously, Sam worked for AMR Holdings (Sabre) and the Blanch Company in Dallas. Sam was a Senior Principal Consultant for Oracle Corporation in New York, in which capacity he worked at NBC and Lehman Brothers. In addition to being a professional Oracle database administrator, Sam has also taught Oracle DBA classes for many students. Sam taught college level courses at Kansas State University, University of Texas at Austin, and Rutgers University.
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