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Paleoclimate, Global Change and the Future [Kõva köide]

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  • Formaat: Hardback, 235 pages, kõrgus: 230 mm, 88 illus., 51 in color.
  • Sari: Global Change - The IGBP Series
  • Ilmumisaeg: 27-Nov-2002
  • Kirjastus: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • ISBN-10: 3540424024
  • ISBN-13: 9783540424024
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Paleoclimate, Global Change and the FutureSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 235 pages, kõrgus: 230 mm, 88 illus., 51 in color.
  • Sari: Global Change - The IGBP Series
  • Ilmumisaeg: 27-Nov-2002
  • Kirjastus: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • ISBN-10: 3540424024
  • ISBN-13: 9783540424024
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9783540424024.html
Märksõnad:

 This book provides a synthesis of the past decade of research into global changes that occurred in the earth system in the past. Focus is achieved by concentrating on those changes in the Earth's past environment that best inform our evaluation of current and future global changes and their consequences for human populations. The book stands as a ten year milestone in the operation of the Past Global Changes (PAGES) Project of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP). It seeks to provide a quantitative understanding of the Earth’s environment in the geologically recent past and to define the envelope of natural environmental variability against which anthropogenic impacts on the Earth System may be assessed. A set of color overhead transparencies based on the figures in the book is available free on the PAGES website (www.pages-igbp.org) for use in teaching and lecturing.

The Societal Relevance of Paleoenvironmental Research
1.1 Introduction
1(3)
1.2 A paleo-perspective on earth system function
4(1)
1.3 fast climate variability, human societies and human impacts
5(2)
1.3.1 The Anthropocene
5(1)
1.3.2 Societal responses to past climatic change
6(1)
1.3.3 Decadal-centennial modulation of modes of climate variability
7(1)
1.3.4 Vulnerability to extreme events
7(6)
1.4 Hydrological variability
7(1)
1.5 Ecosystem processes
8(1)
1.6 Landcover change
9(1)
1.7 Biodiversity
9(1)
1.8 Testing climate models with paleodata
10(1)
1.9 A paleo-perspective on future global change
10(3)
The Late Quaternary History of Atmospheric Trace Gases and Aerosols: Interactions Between Climate and Biogeochemical Cycles
2.1 Introduction: anthropogenic and natural changes
13(2)
2.1.1 Greenhouse gases
14(1)
2.1.2 Aerosols
14(1)
2.2 The significance of past atmospheric records
15(3)
2.2.1 Aerosol incorporation and gas occlusion in ice
15(1)
2.2.2 How reliable are the climate records obtained from ice cores?
16(2)
2.3 Glacial-interglacial cycles
18(3)
2.3.1 Greenhouse gases
18(2)
2.3.2 Aerosols and DMS
20(1)
2.4 Abrupt climatic changes during the last ice age
21(6)
2.4.1 CH4 variations
21(3)
2.4.2 NO variations
24(2)
2.4.3 CO2 variations
26(1)
2.4.4 Dust
26(1)
2.5 The Holocene
27(1)
2.5.1 CH4 variation over the Holocene
27(1)
2.5.2 CO2 increase over the Holocene
28(1)
2.5.3 The Holocene N2O level
28(1)
2.6 The last millennium
28(3)
2.6.1 Greenhouse gases
28(2)
2.6.2 Aerosols
30(4)
Pre-industrial
30(1)
Anthropogenic increase
30(23)
2.7 Conclusions, a view in the context of future changes
31(2)
The History of Climate Dynamics in the Late Quaternary
3.1 Introduction
33(1)
3.2 Climate change under orbital forcing
34(10)
3.2.1 Developing a chronology of past climatic change
34(2)
3.2.2 Understanding glacial cycles
36(3)
3.2.3 Glacial inception
39(1)
3.2.4 The Last Glacial Maximum
40(2)
3.2.5 Glacial Termination
42(2)
3.3 Interaction among climate system components on millennial time scales
44(8)
3.3.1 Millennial scale variability in proxy data: high latitude signals
44(3)
3.3.2 Millenial variability of climate at low latitudes
47(3)
3.3.3 Modeling millennial scale climate variability
50(2)
3.4 Climate modes on interannual to centennial scales
52 (11)
3.4.1 The tropical Pacific: El Ni±o/Southern Oscillation
53(4)
ENSO in recent centuries
53(2)
ENSO in the late Quaternary
55(1)
ENSO in the mid-Holocene
55(17)
3.4.2 Decadal variability in the extratropical Pacific
57(2)
3.4.3 North Atlantic Oscillation
59(1)
3.4.4 Tropical Atlantic: the dipole and extratropical links
60(1)
3.4.5 Global teleconnectivity
61(3)
The Late Quaternary History of Biogeochemical Cycling of Carbon 63(18)
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Continental processes and their impact on atmospheric CO2
64(4)
4.2.1 Biospheric carbon
64(3)
4.2.2 Soil carbonate
67(1)
4.2.3 Weathering and river transport
68(1)
4.3 Marine processes that affect atmospheric CO2
68(4)
4.3.1 Air-sea flux
68(1)
4.3.2 SST and SSS control (the solubility pump)
69(1)
4.3.3 Removal of ECO2 from surface waters by sinking Cors
69(2)
4.3.4 Supply of carbonate ions to surface waters (the alkalinity pump)
71(1)
4.3.5 The export ratio (biological versus alkalinity pumps)
72(1)
4.4 Impact of marine processes on atmospheric CO2
72(6)
4.4.1 Contribution from the solubility pump
72(1)
4.4.2 Global export of ECO2 from surface waters
72(4)
Changes in N and P supply in oligotrophic regions
72(1)
Changes in Fe supply in HNLC regions
73(3)
Changes in Si supply
76(11)
4.4.3 Global rate of supply of ECO2 to surface waters
76(1)
4.4.4 Contributions from the alkalinity pump
76(1)
4.4.5 Contributors to transient excursions in atmospheric CO2
77(5)
4.5 Summary and critical areas for future research
78(3)
Terrestrial Biosphere Dynamics in the Climate System: Past and Future
5.1 Introduction
81(1)
5.2 The roles of the terrestrial biosphere in the climate system
82(4)
5.2.1 Biogeochemical roles
83(1)
5.2.2 Biophysical roles
84(2)
5.3 Terrestrial biosphere changes in the past
86(8)
5.3.1 Response of the biosphere
87(2)
Growth and/or death
87(1)
Species migration
87(1)
Changes in community composition
87(1)
Changes through evolution
88(1)
Extinction
88(1)
5.3.2 The temporal hierarchy of climate change and biospheric response
89(4)
The tectonic frequency band
89(1)
The "Orbital" frequency band (1 million to 10,000 years)
90(3)
The millennial frequency band (10,000 to 1,000 years)
93(1)