Introduction |
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1 | (153) |
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1 | (15) |
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1.2 Interlude: Notations and Conventions |
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16 | (6) |
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1.3 Supersymmetric Lagrangians |
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22 | (19) |
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1.3.1 The simplest supersymmetric model: A free chiral supermultiplet |
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22 | (6) |
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1.3.2 Interactions of chiral supermultiplets |
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28 | (4) |
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1.3.3 Lagrangians for gauge supermultiplets |
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32 | (2) |
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1.3.4 Supersymmetric gauge interactions |
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34 | (3) |
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1.3.5 Summary: How to build a supersymmetric model |
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37 | (4) |
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1.4 Soft Supersymmetry Breaking Interactions |
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41 | (2) |
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1.5 The Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model |
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43 | (27) |
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1.5.1 The superpotential and supersymmetric interactions |
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43 | (6) |
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1.5.2 R-parity (also known as matter parity) and its consequences |
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49 | (4) |
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1.5.3 Soft supersymmetry breaking in the MSSM |
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53 | (1) |
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1.5.4 Hints of an organizing principle |
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54 | (7) |
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1.5.5 Renormalization group equations for the MSSM |
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61 | (9) |
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1.6 Origins of Supersymmetry Breaking |
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70 | (27) |
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1.6.1 General considerations for spontaneous supersymmetry breaking |
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70 | (3) |
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1.6.2 Fayet-Iliopoulos (D-term) supersymmetry breaking |
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73 | (1) |
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1.6.3 O'Raifeartaigh (F-term) supersymmetry breaking |
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74 | (3) |
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1.6.4 The need for a separate supersymmetry-breaking sector |
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77 | (2) |
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1.6.5 The goldstino and the gravitino |
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79 | (4) |
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1.6.6 Planck-scale-mediated supersymmetry breaking models |
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83 | (3) |
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1.6.7 Gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking models |
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86 | (6) |
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1.6.8 Extra-dimesional and anomaly-mediated supersymmetry breaking |
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92 | (5) |
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1.7 The Mass Spectrum of the MSSM |
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97 | (26) |
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1.7.1 Electroweak symmetry breaking and the Higgs bosons |
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97 | (9) |
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1.7.2 Neutralinos and charginos |
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106 | (5) |
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111 | (1) |
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1.7.4 The squarks and sleptons |
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112 | (5) |
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1.7.5 Summary: The MSSM sparticle spectrum |
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117 | (6) |
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123 | (8) |
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1.8.1 Decays of neutralinos and charginos |
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123 | (3) |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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1.8.5 Decays to the gravitino/goldstino |
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128 | (3) |
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131 | (1) |
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Appendix: Non-Renormalizable Supersymmetric Lagrangians |
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132 | (22) |
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2 Twenty Open Questions and a Postscript: SUSY Enters the Era of the LHC |
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154 | (68) |
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2.1 Question #1 Why doesn't the proton decay in 10-17 years? |
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159 | (3) |
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2.2 Question #2 How is flavor-changing suppressed? |
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162 | (3) |
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2.3 Question #3 Why isn't CP violation ubiquitous? |
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165 | (1) |
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2.4 Question #4 Where does the μ-term come from? |
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166 | (2) |
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2.5 Question #5 Why does the MSSM conserve color and charge? |
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168 | (3) |
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2.6 Question #6 How is SUSY broken? |
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171 | (2) |
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2.7 Question #7 Once SUSY is broken, how do we find out? |
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173 | (5) |
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2.7.1 Supergravity mediation |
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173 | (2) |
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175 | (1) |
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2.7.3 Mediation via pseudo-anomalous U(1) |
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176 | (2) |
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2.8 Question #8 Can gauge singlets and SUSY coexist? |
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178 | (1) |
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2.9 Question #9 How do extra U(1)'s fit into SUSY? |
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179 | (2) |
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2.10 Question #10 How does SUSY shed light on dark matter? |
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181 | (1) |
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2.11 Question #11 Are gravitinos dangerous to cosmology? |
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182 | (2) |
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2.12 Question #12 Are moduli cosmologically dangerous? |
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184 | (3) |
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2.13 Question #13 Does the MSSM unify into a supersymmetric GUT? |
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187 | (3) |
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2.14 Question #14 Proton decay again: Why doesn't the proton decay in 1032 years? |
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190 | (2) |
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2.15 Question #15 Can SUSY GUT's explain the masses of fermions? |
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192 | (2) |
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2.16 Question #16 N = 1 SUSY duality: How has SUSY changed our view of gauge theory? |
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194 | (2) |
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2.17 Question #17 Why strings? |
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196 | (1) |
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2.18 Question #18 What roles does SUSY play in string theory? |
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197 | (4) |
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2.18.1 Worldsheet SUSY, spacetime SUSY, and the dimension of spacetime |
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197 | (2) |
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2.18.2 Supersymmetry, strings, and vacuum stability |
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199 | (1) |
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2.18.3 SUSY and pseudo-anomalous U(1)'s |
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199 | (2) |
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2.19 Question #19 How is SUSY broken in string theory? |
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201 | (4) |
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2.19.1 Within string theory itself |
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202 | (1) |
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2.19.2 Within the low-energy effective theory |
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203 | (1) |
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2.19.3 SUSY-breaking in strongly coupled strings |
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204 | (1) |
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2.20 Question #20 Making ends meet: How can we understand gauge coupling unification from string theory? |
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205 | (17) |
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2.20.1 The predictions from string theory |
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206 | (1) |
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2.20.2 Overview of possible solutions |
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207 | (2) |
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209 | (13) |
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3 Developments in Supergravity Unified Models |
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222 | (22) |
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222 | (3) |
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225 | (2) |
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3.3 Radiative Breaking and the Low Energy Theory |
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227 | (2) |
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3.4 Supersymmetric Corrections to Electroweak Phenomena |
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229 | (1) |
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3.5 Dark Matter in SUGRA Unification |
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230 | (3) |
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3.6 Signatures at Colliders |
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233 | (2) |
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235 | (1) |
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3.8 Planck Scale Corrections and Further Tests of SUGRA GUT and Post GUT Physics |
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235 | (2) |
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237 | (7) |
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4 Soft Supersymmetry-Breaking Terms from Supergravity and Superstring Models |
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244 | (25) |
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244 | (1) |
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4.2 Soft Terms from Supergravity |
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245 | (11) |
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4.2.1 General computation of soft terms |
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245 | (6) |
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4.2.2 Supergravity models |
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251 | (5) |
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4.3 Soft Terms from Superstring Theory |
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256 | (10) |
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4.3.1 General parametrization of SUSY breaking |
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256 | (5) |
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261 | (5) |
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4.4 Final Comments and Outlook |
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266 | (3) |
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5 Mass Density of Neutralino Dark Matter |
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269 | (19) |
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269 | (2) |
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5.2 Solving the Boltzmann Equation |
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271 | (5) |
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5.3 Approximating the Relic Abundance |
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276 | (2) |
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5.4 Neutralino Dark Matter |
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278 | (5) |
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283 | (2) |
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285 | (3) |
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6 A Wino-Like LSP World: Theoretical and Phenomenological Motivations |
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288 | (17) |
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6.1 Annihilating Dark Matter in the Halo |
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288 | (1) |
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6.2 Non-Thermal Winos from Moduli Stabilized on a G2 Manifold |
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289 | (4) |
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6.2.1 Soft breaking from the G2 |
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289 | (2) |
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291 | (1) |
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6.2.3 The right halo cross section and just about the right abundance from non-thermal winos |
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291 | (2) |
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6.3 Wino-Like Dark Matter in the Stueckelberg Extensions and with Kinetic Mixings |
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293 | (3) |
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6.3.1 The right relic abundance and just about the right halo cross section from extra U(1)x factors |
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293 | (3) |
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6.4 Directly Detecting Wino-Like Dark Matter |
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296 | (2) |
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6.5 Positron Flux from Wino-Like Dark Matter |
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298 | (1) |
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6.6 Dark Matter and the LHC |
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299 | (2) |
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301 | (4) |
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7 Reevaluating the Cosmological Origin of Dark Matter |
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305 | (20) |
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7.1 Cosmological Evidence for Dark Matter |
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305 | (1) |
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7.2 Reevaluating the WIMP Miracle |
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306 | (9) |
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7.2.1 WIMPs as thermal relics |
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306 | (4) |
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310 | (1) |
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7.2.3 Modified expansion history at freeze-out |
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311 | (2) |
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7.2.4 Late production of dark matter and entropy |
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313 | (2) |
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7.3 Non-thermal Production of WIMPs |
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315 | (5) |
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7.3.1 Considerations from fundamental theory |
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315 | (5) |
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320 | (5) |
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8 Z' Physics and Supersymmetry |
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325 | (26) |
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325 | (4) |
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329 | (4) |
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8.2.1 Overview of Z' models |
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329 | (3) |
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8.2.2 Mass and kinetic mixing |
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332 | (1) |
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8.2.3 Precision electroweak and collider limits and prospects |
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332 | (1) |
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8.3 Z's---Theoretical Considerations |
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333 | (2) |
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8.3.1 Z' models in GUT's without supersymmetry |
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333 | (1) |
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8.3.2 Z' models in supersymmetric GUT's |
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334 | (1) |
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8.3.3 Supersymmetric Z' models without GUT embedding |
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335 | (1) |
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8.4 U (1)' Symmetry Breaking Scenarios |
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335 | (8) |
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8.4.1 Electroweak scale breaking |
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337 | (2) |
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8.4.2 Intermediate scale breaking |
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339 | (4) |
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343 | (1) |
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343 | (2) |
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345 | (6) |
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9 Searches for Supersymmetry at High-Energy Colliders |
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351 | (69) |
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351 | (6) |
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9.1.1 Motivations for new phenomena |
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352 | (2) |
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9.1.2 Experimental context |
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354 | (3) |
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9.2 Supersymmetric Models and Particles |
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357 | (11) |
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357 | (3) |
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9.2.2 Supersymmetry parameters |
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360 | (1) |
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9.2.3 Unifying frameworks |
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361 | (4) |
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9.2.4 Supersymmetric Higgs bosons |
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365 | (1) |
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9.2.5 Neutralinos and charginos |
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366 | (1) |
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367 | (1) |
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368 | (1) |
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9.3 Searches for MSSM Neutral Higgs Bosons |
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368 | (9) |
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9.3.1 MSSM benchmark scenarios |
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368 | (1) |
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369 | (5) |
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9.3.3 Searches at the Tevatron |
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374 | (3) |
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9.4 Searches for Charged Higgs Bosons |
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377 | (8) |
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380 | (1) |
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9.4.2 Searches at the Tevatron |
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381 | (4) |
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9.5 Searches for Supersymmetric Particles |
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385 | (21) |
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9.5.1 General features of SUSY models |
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385 | (1) |
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9.5.2 Signatures and strategies |
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386 | (2) |
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9.5.3 Searches in the canonical scenario |
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388 | (12) |
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9.5.4 Searches in non-canonical scenarios |
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400 | (6) |
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406 | (14) |
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10 Low-Energy Supersymmetry at Future Colliders |
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420 | (26) |
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420 | (2) |
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10.2 Classes of Supersymmetric Signals |
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422 | (6) |
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10.2.1 Missing energy signatures |
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422 | (3) |
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10.2.2 Lepton (e,μ and T) signatures |
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425 | (1) |
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10.2.3 b-quark signatures |
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426 | (1) |
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10.2.4 Signatures involving photons |
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427 | (1) |
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10.2.5 Kinks and long-lived heavy particles |
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427 | (1) |
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10.3 Supersymmetry Searches at Future Colliders |
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428 | (10) |
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10.3.1 SUGRA-based models |
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429 | (3) |
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432 | (4) |
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10.3.3 R-parity violating (RPV) models |
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436 | (2) |
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10.4 Supersymmetry at Future Colliders: An Update |
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438 | (2) |
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10.5 Summary and Conclusions |
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440 | (6) |
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11 Computational Tools for Supersymmetry Calculations |
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446 | (23) |
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446 | (3) |
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11.2 SUSY Spectrum Calculators |
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449 | (3) |
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11.2.1 Isasusy, Isasugra and Isajet |
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449 | (1) |
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450 | (1) |
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451 | (1) |
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451 | (1) |
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11.2.5 Les Houches Accord (LHA) files |
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451 | (1) |
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11.2.6 Comparison of spectra generator codes |
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451 | (1) |
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11.3 Sparticle Production and Decay Codes |
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452 | (1) |
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11.3.1 Production cross sections |
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452 | (1) |
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11.3.2 Decay widths and branching fractions |
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453 | (1) |
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453 | (11) |
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455 | (2) |
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457 | (1) |
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458 | (1) |
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11.4.4 Models of hadronization |
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459 | (1) |
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460 | (1) |
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11.4.6 Multi-purpose event generators |
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461 | (1) |
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11.4.7 Matrix element generators |
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462 | (1) |
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11.4.8 Les Houches Event (LHE) files |
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463 | (1) |
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464 | (1) |
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464 | (1) |
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464 | (1) |
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464 | (1) |
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11.6 Parameter Fitting Codes |
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465 | (1) |
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465 | (1) |
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465 | (4) |
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12 Charge and Color Breaking |
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469 | (25) |
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469 | (3) |
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12.2 The Role of the Radiative Corrections |
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472 | (2) |
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12.3 The Higgs Potential and the Realistic Minimum |
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474 | (2) |
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12.4 Unbounded from Below (UFB) Constraints |
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476 | (3) |
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12.5 Charge and Color Breaking (CCB) Constraints |
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479 | (5) |
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12.6 Constraints on the SUSY Parameter Space |
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484 | (4) |
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12.7 CCB Constraints on Flavor-Mixing Couplings |
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488 | (2) |
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12.8 Cosmological Considerations and Final Comments |
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490 | (4) |
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13 Regularisation of Supersymmetric Theories |
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494 | (20) |
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13.1 Beyond the Tree Approximation |
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494 | (3) |
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13.2 Introduction to DRED |
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497 | (3) |
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500 | (2) |
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13.4 The Supersymmetry Ward Identity |
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502 | (2) |
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13.5 N =2 and N = 4 Supersymmetry |
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504 | (1) |
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13.6 The Supersymmetric β-Functions |
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505 | (2) |
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13.7 Soft supersymmetry Breaking |
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507 | (3) |
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13.8 Large-Nf Supersymmetric Gauge Theories |
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510 | (4) |
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14 Probing Physics at Short Distances with Supersymmetry |
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514 | (20) |
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514 | (1) |
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515 | (7) |
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14.2.1 Gauge coupling constants |
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516 | (1) |
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517 | (3) |
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520 | (2) |
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522 | (6) |
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523 | (1) |
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14.3.2 Minimal SUSY SU(5) |
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524 | (1) |
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14.3.3 Non-minimal SUSY-GUT |
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525 | (2) |
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14.3.4 Planck-scale operators |
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527 | (1) |
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528 | (2) |
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528 | (1) |
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14.4.2 Flavor-changing neutral currents |
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529 | (1) |
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530 | (4) |
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15 Supersymmetry and String Theory |
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534 | (11) |
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534 | (2) |
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15.2 Supersymmetry in String Theory |
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536 | (2) |
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15.3 String Phenomenology |
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538 | (2) |
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15.3.1 Vacuum selection and supersymmetry breaking |
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539 | (1) |
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15.4 Recent Progress and Insights |
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540 | (5) |
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15.4.1 Supersymmetry as a tool for understanding string theory |
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541 | (1) |
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15.4.2 Supersymmetry and the structure of space-time |
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542 | (1) |
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543 | (2) |
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16 Supersymmetry and Inflation |
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545 | (20) |
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545 | (3) |
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16.2 Hybrid Inflation and Supersymmetry |
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548 | (3) |
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16.3 Hybrid Inflation and High Scale Models |
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551 | (5) |
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556 | (5) |
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561 | (4) |
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17 An Introduction to Explicit R-Parity Violation |
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565 | |
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565 | (1) |
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565 | (2) |
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17.3 Proton Decay and Discrete Symmetries |
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567 | (1) |
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568 | (2) |
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570 | (3) |
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573 | (2) |
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17.7 Collider Phenomenology |
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575 | (2) |
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17.7.1 Squark pair production at the Tevatron |
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575 | (1) |
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17.7.2 Resonant squark production at HERA |
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576 | (1) |
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577 | (2) |
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17.8.1 Bounds from GUT-scale baryogenesis |
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577 | (1) |
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578 | (1) |
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579 | |