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Physics of Ice [Kõva köide]

(, Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA), (School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 386 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 241x159x25 mm, kaal: 777 g, 18 halftones, numerous line figures
  • Ilmumisaeg: 19-Aug-1999
  • Kirjastus: Clarendon Press
  • ISBN-10: 0198518951
  • ISBN-13: 9780198518952
  • Formaat: Hardback, 386 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 241x159x25 mm, kaal: 777 g, 18 halftones, numerous line figures
  • Ilmumisaeg: 19-Aug-1999
  • Kirjastus: Clarendon Press
  • ISBN-10: 0198518951
  • ISBN-13: 9780198518952
Ice is one of the most abundant and environmentally important materials on Earth, and its unique and intriguing physical properties present fascinating areas of study for a wide variety of researchers. This book is about the physics of ice, by which is meant the properties of the material itself and the ways in which these properties are interpreted in terms of water molecules and crystalline structure. Although ice has a simple crystal structure its hydrogen bonding results in unique properties, which continue to be the subject of active research. In this book the physical principles underlying the properties of ice are carefully developed at a level aimed at pure and applied researchers in the field. Much work on important topics like current understandings of the electrical, mechanical, and surface properties, or the occurrence of many different crystalline phases are developed in a coherent way for the first time.

Arvustused

'...concise but complete reference book on the topic, suitable for all those whose reserach impinges on any aspect of ice physics. Clear explanations, aided by useful diagrams and tables of data, cover the main topics, with sufficient references to more esoteric areas...A new text book the Physics of Ice has been long overdue...The careful scholarship and cpmplementary expertise of the two authors have combined to produce a useful addition to every library and many personal collections. This book provides much for the ice specialist. the newcomer to the field and thoseseeking any information about this amazing material' British Crystallographic Association News

Introduction
1(9)
The importance of ice
1(1)
The physics of ice and the structure of the book
2(2)
The water molecule
4(2)
The hydrogen bond
6(4)
Ice Ih
10(26)
Introduction
10(5)
Crystal structure
15(10)
Zero-point entropy
25(4)
Lattice energy and hydrogen bonding
29(2)
The actual structure
31(4)
Summary
35(1)
Elastic, thermal, and lattice dynamical properties
36(24)
Introduction
36(1)
Elasticity
36(4)
Thermal properties
40(5)
Spectroscopy of lattice vibrations
45(10)
Modelling
55(5)
Electrical properties---theory
60(31)
Basics
60(4)
Frequency dependence of the Debye relaxation
64(4)
The static susceptibility Xs
68(5)
Protonic point defects
73(5)
Jaccard theory
78(6)
Ice with blocking electrodes
84(4)
Time constants
88(1)
Summary
89(2)
Electrical properties---experimental
91(35)
Introduction
91(1)
Techniques
91(3)
Pure ice
94(4)
Doped ice
98(14)
Charge exchange at ice-metal electrodes
112(2)
Space charge effects
114(5)
Injection and extraction of charge carriers
119(4)
Thermally stimulated depolarization
123(3)
Point defects
126(30)
Introduction
126(1)
Thermal equilibrium concentrations
127(2)
Diffusion and mobility
129(2)
Molecular defects
131(5)
Protonic point defects
136(10)
Nuclear magnetic resonance
146(1)
Muon spin rotation, relaxation, and resonance
147(2)
Chemical impurities
149(2)
Electronic defects
151(1)
Photoconductivity
152(1)
Review
153(3)
Dislocations and planar defects
156(28)
Introduction to dislocations
156(1)
Dislocations in the ice structure
157(4)
Direct observation of dislocations
161(7)
Dislocation mobility
168(7)
Electrical effects
175(1)
Stacking faults
176(4)
Grain boundaries
180(4)
Mechanical properties
184(30)
Introduction
184(2)
Plastic deformation of single crystals
186(7)
Plastic deformation of polycrystalline ice
193(13)
Brittle fracture of polycrystalline ice
206(6)
Summary
212(2)
Optical and electronic properties
214(13)
Introduction
214(1)
Propagation of electromagnetic waves in ice
215(4)
Infrared range
219(1)
Visible optical range---birefringence
219(4)
Ultraviolet range
223(1)
Electronic structure
224(3)
The surface of ice
227(25)
Introduction
227(1)
Surface structure
228(3)
Optical ellipsometry and microscopy
231(2)
Electrical properties of the surface
233(7)
Nuclear magnetic resonance
240(2)
Scanning force microscopy
242(1)
Surface energy
243(2)
Review of experimental evidence
245(2)
Theoretical models
247(3)
Conclusions
250(2)
The other phases of ice
252(35)
Introduction
252(5)
Ice XI---The ordered form of ice Ih
257(5)
Ices VII and VIII
262(4)
Ice VI
266(1)
Ice II
267(2)
Ices III, IV, V, IX, and XII
269(4)
Ice X and beyond
273(3)
Cubic ice (Ice Ic)
276(1)
Amorphous ices
277(4)
Clathrate hydrates
281(2)
Lattice vibrations and the hydrogen bond
283(4)
Ice in nature
287(27)
Lake and river ice
287(3)
Sea ice
290(2)
Ice in the atmosphere
292(4)
Snow
296(3)
Glacier and polar ice
299(6)
Frozen ground
305(2)
Ice in the Solar System
307(7)
Adhesion and friction
314(8)
Experiments on adhesion
314(3)
Physical mechanisms of adhesion
317(1)
Friction
318(4)
Bibliography 322(2)
References 324(43)
Index 367