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1 | (64) |
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1.1 Setting the Scene: Analytical Data and Connoisseurship for Attribution in Art |
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2 | (8) |
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1.2 Application to Ceramics and Porcelains |
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10 | (6) |
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1.3 The Growth of English and European Porcelains in the Eighteenth Century |
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16 | (9) |
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1.4 Body Compositions of Early Porcelains |
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25 | (8) |
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1.5 Key Analytical Markers for Porcelain Identification |
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33 | (14) |
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1.6 Raw Material Composition |
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47 | (5) |
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1.7 The Requirement for an Analytical Protocol for Porcelain Attribution |
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52 | (5) |
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1.8 Is There a Need for Analytical Data Input for the Definitive Porcelain Attribution for Unknown Specimens? |
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57 | (3) |
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60 | (5) |
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2 Chinese Porcelains and their Early European Competitors |
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65 | (34) |
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2.1 Early Porcelain Manufacture in China |
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66 | (5) |
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2.2 The European Challenge to Imported Chinese Porcelains |
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71 | (5) |
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2.2.1 Straits Chinese Porcelain |
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75 | (1) |
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2.3 The Export of Chinese Porcelain to Europe Through Canton and Nanking |
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76 | (11) |
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2.4 Portuguese Shipments of Chinese Porcelain |
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87 | (2) |
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2.5 The Early European Response |
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89 | (3) |
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2.6 Aristocratic Financial Support for European Manufactories |
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92 | (2) |
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2.7 Early French Soft Paste Porcelain Compositions |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (4) |
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3 Establishing the Historical Baseline Chronology for European Porcelains |
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99 | (66) |
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3.1 The Earliest European Porcelain Manufactory: The Medici Manufactory at Florence |
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99 | (10) |
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3.2 The First English Porcelain Manufactory at Fulham? |
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109 | (11) |
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3.3 The First French Porcelain Manufactory at Rouen |
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120 | (5) |
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125 | (3) |
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128 | (5) |
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3.6 Pomona, Chelsea, Limehouse and Bow |
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133 | (11) |
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3.6.1 Pomona, Newcastle-Under Lyme |
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133 | (1) |
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3.6.2 Bow, Stratford, London |
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134 | (3) |
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137 | (4) |
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141 | (3) |
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3.7 Other Selected Porcelain Manufactories |
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144 | (10) |
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145 | (1) |
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146 | (2) |
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148 | (2) |
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150 | (1) |
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3.7.5 Russia, St Petersburg |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (1) |
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153 | (1) |
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3.7.8 Other Porcelain Manufactories |
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153 | (1) |
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3.8 Summary and Conclusions from a Background Comparison of Early Porcelain Manufactories |
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154 | (4) |
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158 | (7) |
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4 Types of Porcelain and Their Elemental Oxide Compositions |
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165 | (32) |
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166 | (9) |
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4.2 Compositional Differentiation of Porcelains |
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175 | (8) |
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4.3 The Role of the External Decorating Workshop |
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183 | (2) |
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185 | (3) |
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4.5 The Concept of Accuracy, Error, Detection Limits and Precision in Analytical Measurements and Their Importance for Porcelain Studies |
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188 | (3) |
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4.6 The Concept of Ratios of Analytical Data |
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191 | (4) |
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195 | (2) |
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5 Analytical Science and Case Studies of Porcelains |
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197 | (10) |
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5.1 The Groundwork for Debate in a Holistic Study |
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198 | (7) |
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205 | (2) |
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6 Case Studies I. Analytical Data Which Have Materially Contributed Towards the Factory Attribution of Porcelain Specimens |
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207 | (44) |
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6.1 The Burghley House Jars: The Earliest English Porcelain Survivors? |
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208 | (25) |
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6.1.1 The Burghley House Scenario |
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208 | (6) |
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6.1.2 Background to the Analyses |
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214 | (3) |
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6.1.3 The Burghley House Jars: The Analyses |
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217 | (14) |
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6.1.4 The Arnhold Teabowl |
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231 | (1) |
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231 | (2) |
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6.2 A Unique Rockingham Porcelain Table |
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233 | (7) |
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6.2.1 Wentworth Castle and Wentworth Woodhouse |
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233 | (6) |
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239 | (1) |
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6.3 A Rare Nantgarw Porcelain Trumpet Spill Vase? |
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240 | (6) |
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246 | (5) |
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References for Section 6.1 |
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246 | (2) |
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References for Section 6.2 |
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248 | (1) |
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References for Section 6.3 |
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249 | (2) |
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7 Case Studies II: Analytical Data Which Have Revealed that Significant Revision Is Required to the Perceived Historical Knowledge of Porcelain Factories (Part A) |
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251 | (32) |
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7.1 Nantgarw Porcelain: An Exclusively Soft Paste Phosphatic Body? |
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252 | (15) |
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7.1.1 Soft Paste Nantgarw China: The Historical Belief |
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253 | (3) |
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7.1.2 The Curious Case of Hard Paste Nantgarw China |
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256 | (5) |
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261 | (6) |
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7.2 An Analytical Conundrum: Anatase in Ming Porcelain Shards. What Surprises Lie in Wait for an Unsuspecting Analyst? |
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267 | (5) |
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271 | (1) |
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7.3 The Strange Case and Ongoing Saga of Bow and Factory-A Marked Porcelains: Can these Actually be One and the Same Manufactory? |
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272 | (6) |
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7.3.1 The "Factory A" Marked Porcelains |
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273 | (5) |
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278 | (5) |
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References for Section 7.1 |
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278 | (1) |
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References for Section 7.2 |
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279 | (1) |
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References for Section 7.3 |
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280 | (3) |
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8 Case Studies III: Analytical Data Which Have Revealed That a Significant Revision Is Required to the Historical Knowledge of Porcelain Manufactories (Part B) |
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283 | (38) |
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8.1 Analysis of a Rare Pendock-Barry, Barry- Barry Derby Porcelain Plate |
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284 | (13) |
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8.1.1 Genealogy of the Pendock Family |
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291 | (1) |
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8.1.2 Estimated Date of Manufacture of the Barry Barry Service from Genealogical and Heraldic Evidence |
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292 | (3) |
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8.1.3 Analytical Studies of the Barry-Barry Service Porcelain |
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295 | (2) |
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8.2 Ballerina on Porcelain: A Rara Avis, But Where Did It Come From? |
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297 | (18) |
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297 | (2) |
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8.2.2 A History of Ballet |
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299 | (4) |
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8.2.3 Dancers Depicted on Porcelain |
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303 | (4) |
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8.2.4 Porcelain Spill Vase: Potential Factories |
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307 | (3) |
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8.2.5 Analytical Information from Raman Spectroscopic Analysis |
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310 | (3) |
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313 | (2) |
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8.3 Meissen Hard Paste Porcelain: A Similar Composition Vis-a-Vis the Vienna Du Paquier Factory and Can Analytical Science Differentiate Between Them? |
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315 | (3) |
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318 | (3) |
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References for Section 8.1.4 |
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318 | (1) |
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References for Section 8.2.6 |
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318 | (1) |
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References for Section 8.3.1 |
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319 | (2) |
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9 Challenges for Analytical Science (Case Studies IV) |
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321 | (42) |
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9.1 The Amarna Princess: An Authenticity Problem? |
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322 | (5) |
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9.1.1 The Amama Princess Scenario |
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324 | (3) |
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327 | (1) |
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9.2 A Swansea Porcelain Mug with an Unusual Handle: A Rare Specimen Which Only Partially Satisfies the Standard Exemplars? |
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327 | (3) |
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9.3 Rockingham Porcelain: Is It Bone China or Phosphatic Soft Paste Porcelain? |
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330 | (6) |
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9.3.1 Rockingham Porcelain Exemplars |
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331 | (2) |
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9.3.2 Analytical Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of Rockingham Porcelains |
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333 | (3) |
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336 | (1) |
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9.4 Is All Blue Cobalt Blue? Hidden Gems in Porcelain Decoration Revealed by Combinatorial Analytical Techniques |
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336 | (14) |
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9.4.1 Glass Frit and Cullet |
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337 | (1) |
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9.4.2 Smalt, Cobalt Blue, Egyptian Blue, Han Blue and Bristol Blue |
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338 | (3) |
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9.4.3 The Presence of Arsenic in Blue Glass Colourants for Porcelain Decoration |
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341 | (3) |
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9.4.4 Smalt or Lapis Lazuli? |
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344 | (2) |
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9.4.5 Analyses of Pigments on Porcelains and Their Input to the Attribution Process |
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346 | (3) |
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349 | (1) |
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9.5 Did They or Did They Not Manufacture Nantgarw Porcelain at the Swansea China Works in 1815? |
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350 | (8) |
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350 | (3) |
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9.5.2 Can Analytical Science Differentiate Between Nantgarw Porcelain Made in the Nantgarw China Works and a Nantgarw-Bodied China Made in the Swansea China Works? |
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353 | (5) |
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358 | (5) |
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References for Section 9.1 |
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358 | (1) |
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References for Section 9.2 |
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358 | (1) |
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References for Section 9.3 |
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358 | (1) |
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References for Section 9.4 |
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359 | (2) |
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References for Section 9.5 |
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361 | (2) |
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10 A Forensic Holistic Conundrum - An Ongoing Controversy |
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363 | (18) |
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10.1 The King George II Porcelain Busts |
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364 | (1) |
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10.2 Chronology and Life of King George II |
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365 | (2) |
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10.3 Candidates for the Manufactory of the King George II Busts |
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367 | (4) |
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10.4 Description of the King George II Bust and Its Purpose |
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371 | (2) |
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10.5 Analysis of the King George II Porcelain Busts |
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373 | (6) |
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10.5.1 The Surviving King George II Busts |
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374 | (3) |
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10.5.2 A Summary of the Analytical Data and Its Interpretation |
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377 | (2) |
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379 | (2) |
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11 The Answer Lies in the Glaze! |
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381 | (18) |
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11.1 The Nantgarw Glaze Recipes |
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382 | (2) |
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11.2 Analysis of Nantgarw Porcelain Glazed Shards |
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384 | (4) |
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11.3 Glaze Analyses Undertaken on Finished Nantgarw Porcelains |
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388 | (3) |
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11.4 The Use of Analytical Raman Spectroscopy to Estimate the Kiln Firing Temperatures from Glaze Analyses |
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391 | (2) |
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11.4.1 An Estimation of Glaze Firing Temperatures from Raman Band Intensities |
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392 | (1) |
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11.5 The Parallel Manufacture of Glass |
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393 | (3) |
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11.5.1 The Composition of Early Glass |
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395 | (1) |
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396 | (1) |
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397 | (2) |
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12 Assessment of the Role of Chemical Analysis in the Holistic Attribution of Porcelains to Factory Sources, Their Characterisation and the Evaluation of Their Chronology |
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399 | (16) |
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12.1 The Assessment of a Porcelain Type and the Need for Compositional Analysis |
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400 | (3) |
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12.2 Analytical Achievements and Failures: Early Versus Modern Analyses |
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403 | (4) |
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12.3 The Strength of Analytical Data |
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407 | (2) |
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12.4 Holistic Attributions Made With or Without the Inclusion of Analytical Evidence or Another Component |
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409 | (3) |
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412 | (3) |
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415 | (134) |
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Appendix I Lady Charlotte Guest/Schreiber (1812--1895) |
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415 | (8) |
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422 | (1) |
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Appendix II The "Bearded Tulip": Who Was "De Junic" and Can Analysis Help to Unravel the Mystery Surrounding this Artist? |
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423 | (11) |
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What Is Known About "de Junic"? |
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425 | (8) |
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433 | (1) |
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Appendix III Retailers of Porcelain: A Source of Uncertainty for Analytical Attribution? |
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434 | (9) |
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Did the Swansea China Works Ever Produce Nantgarw Porcelain? |
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441 | (1) |
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441 | (2) |
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Appendix IV The Importance of Establishing the Correct Chronology for Factory Operations in a Holistic Forensic Analytical Approach. Example: The Swansea and Nantgarw Manufactories, 1814--1820 |
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443 | (18) |
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Transcript of an Interview given by Henry Morris, formerly of the Swansea China Works, to Colonel Grant Francis on the 14th August 1850. Reproduced in the Cambrian newspaper on the 3rd January, 1896 and then quoted by William Turner in his book The Ceramics of Swansea and Nantgarw, published in 1897 |
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443 | (4) |
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Chronology of Activities and Landmark Dates at the Swansea and Nantgarw China Works |
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447 | (7) |
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Details of the Auction Sales of Swansea and Nantgarw Porcelains |
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454 | (4) |
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458 | (2) |
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460 | (1) |
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Appendix V Angela Georgina Burdett-Coutts, 1st Baroness Burdett -- Coutts of Highgate, 1814--1906 |
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461 | (2) |
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Appendix VI American Porcelain Manufacture |
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463 | (10) |
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John Bartlam's Cain Hoy China Manufactory, Charleston, 1765--1770; The Bonnin & Morris Manufactory, the American China Manufactory, Philadelphia, 1770--1773 |
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463 | (6) |
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Nineteenth Century Porcelains in the United States of America: The Role of the Presidency |
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469 | (3) |
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472 | (1) |
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Appendix VII Curiosities in Ceramics Composition Exposed by Chemical Analysis |
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473 | (15) |
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Ancient Ceramics that Contain Asbestos |
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474 | (1) |
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Analysis of Corsican Ceramics |
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475 | (1) |
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476 | (1) |
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Coade Stone -- An Eighteenth Century Architectural Ceramic |
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476 | (5) |
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481 | (1) |
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482 | (5) |
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487 | (1) |
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Appendix VIII Knowledge Transfer in the Age of Enlightenment |
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488 | (8) |
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The Rise of the Coffee Shop in European Culture |
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491 | (4) |
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495 | (1) |
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Appendix IX Ancient Pigments Nomenclature Confusion: An Analytical Challenge |
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496 | (10) |
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498 | (5) |
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503 | (3) |
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Appendix X The Tek Sing Treasure |
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506 | (7) |
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Analysis of Porcelains Related to the Tek Sing Treasure |
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510 | (3) |
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513 | (1) |
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Appendix XI The Ehrenfriede von Tschirnhaus (1651--1708) and Johann Bottger (1682--1717) Controversy |
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513 | (6) |
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518 | (1) |
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Appendix XII The Re-Creation of Nantgarw Porcelain |
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519 | (14) |
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520 | (2) |
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Summary of the First Attempt to Re-Create the Nantgarw Porcelain Body by Ernest Morton Nance and Joseph Mellor in the 1930s |
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522 | (3) |
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525 | (3) |
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The Modern Re-Creation of Nantgarw Porcelain |
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528 | (4) |
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532 | (1) |
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Appendix XIII Armorial Services in English and Welsh Porcelains |
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533 | (16) |
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534 | (1) |
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English Porcelain Armorial Services of the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries |
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535 | (3) |
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Welsh Porcelain Armorial Services |
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538 | (6) |
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The Scientific Study of Armorial Porcelain Services |
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544 | (2) |
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546 | (1) |
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546 | (3) |
Glossary |
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549 | (12) |
Selected Bibliography |
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561 | (4) |
Index |
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565 | |