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E-raamat: Road Traffic Liability in China: A View from Law and Economics

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Road Traffic Liability in China: A View from Law and EconomicsSuurem pilt
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"Road traffic accidents (rta s) are "accidents that occur or originate on a way or street open to public traffic, resulting in one or more persons being killed or injured, and with at least one moving vehicle being involved" (oecd, 2017, p. 1). rta s area major cause of misery, disability and death globally. According to the World Health Organization's (who) latest report, every year rta s are responsible for over 1.2 million deaths and 20 to 50 million injuries worldwide (who, 2015a, p. ix). Furthermore, the costs of rta s are enormous. rta s cost countries approximately 3% of their gross national product"--

Yan focuses on traffic accidents in which a victim files a compensation claim against another party because of wrongful behavior or negligence. Such cases fall under the general umbrella of tort law in China, she says, so she primarily discusses how to establish liability and how to determine the amount of compensation that should be paid. She covers the first and second phases of legal development, the economic analysis of road traffic liability, empirics of road traffic liability, the economic analysis of alternative instruments, and the critical analysis of the current road traffic liability system in China. Annotation ©2020 Ringgold, Inc., Portland, OR (protoview.com)

In Road Traffic Liability in China: A View from Law and Economics Yu Yan offers an in-depth analysis of the Chinese road traffic liability system, with other alternative accident prevention and compensation systems from a view of law and economics.
Acknowledgments ix
List of Illustrations
xi
List of Abbreviations
xii
Introduction 1(14)
1 Background
1(6)
2 Aims of the Book
7(4)
3 Structure and Brief Overview
11(4)
1 The First Phase of Development
15(37)
Introduction
15(1)
1 The Legal Framework for Dealing with RTA Related Disputes
16(5)
2 Rules on Road Traffic Liability
21(9)
2.1 Fault-Based Liability in the 1951 Interim Measures
22(2)
2.2 Vicarious Liability in SPC'S Judicial Interpretations
24(3)
2.3 Fault-Based Liability in Local Laws
27(3)
3 Rules on the Compensation of Traffic Accident Victims
30(15)
3.1 Limited Amount of Compensation
31(2)
3.2 The Role of the "Danwei" in Victim Compensation
33(7)
3.3 Detailed Rules in the Local Administrative Measures
40(5)
4 Methods Used to Settle RTA Compensation Claims
45(2)
5 The Development of Private Insurance
47(2)
6 Conclusion
49(3)
2 The Second Phase of Development
52(90)
Introduction
52(1)
1 The Legal Framework for Dealing with RTA Related Disputes
53(3)
2 Rules on Road Traffic Liability
56(21)
2.1 Strict Liability in the GPCL
56(4)
2.2 Inconsistent Interpretations in Local Laws
60(6)
2.3 A Uniform Interpretation in the 1991 Regulation
66(4)
2.4 Different Basis of Liability in the TSL
70(6)
2.5 Liable Person in the TLL
76(1)
3 Rules on the Compensation of Road Traffic Victims
77(12)
3.1 Rules for Tort Damages in the GPCL
77(2)
3.2 Detailed Criteria for Calculating Damages Provided by Local Laws
79(2)
3.3 Uniform Criteria for Calculating Damages in the 1991 Regulation
81(3)
3.4 Harmonising the Compensation Criteria in Two Judicial Interpretations
84(5)
4 Current Chinese Legal Framework for rta Prevention
89(20)
4.1 Aims of Tort Liability System
89(2)
4.2 Liability Rules
91(15)
4.3 Safety Regulation and Road Traffic Liability
106(3)
5 The Impact of Insurance on the Road Traffic Liability System
109(29)
5.1 CVLI before 2006
110(3)
5.2 CVLI after 2006
113(16)
5.3 Social Security Schemes in China
129(6)
5.4 A Comparison of Different Insurances: Some Empirical Evidence
135(3)
6 Conclusion
138(4)
3 Economic Analysis of Road Traffic Liability
142(53)
Introduction
142(1)
1 Economic Essence of Tort Law
143(2)
2 Deterrence via Tort Liability
145(7)
2.1 Unilateral versus Bilateral Accidents
145(6)
2.2 Applied to Road Traffic Accidents
151(1)
3 The Impact of Imperfect Information
152(12)
3.1 Standard of Care
153(3)
3.2 Causation
156(3)
3.3 Damages
159(5)
4 The Impact of Regulation
164(14)
4.1 The Need to Regulate Traffic Safety
165(3)
4.2 Arguments for Licensing Driving
168(1)
4.3 Arguments for Regulation
169(6)
4.4 Violation of Traffic Regulation and Liability
175(3)
5 The Impact of Insurance
178(6)
5.1 Risk Aversion and the Demand for Insurance
178(2)
5.2 Problems of Insurance Markets and Possible Solutions
180(4)
6 The Impact of Insolvency
184(1)
7 The Impact of Litigation Costs
184(2)
8 Compensation via Road Traffic Liability
186(7)
8.1 Rationale
186(1)
8.2 Compensation Accomplished by Insurance
186(2)
8.3 Compensation Accomplished by Road Traffic Liability
188(5)
9 Conclusion
193(2)
4 Empirics of Road Traffic Liability
195(22)
Introduction
195(2)
1 The Operation of the Road Traffic Liability Litigation System
197(7)
1.1 Frequency, Causes, and Severity of Road Traffic Accidents
197(2)
1.2 Claims Initiation
199(1)
1.3 Claims Resolution
200(4)
2 Effects of Road Traffic Liability Reform on Litigation and Insurance
204(4)
2.1 Trends in Road Traffic Liability Claims
204(1)
2.2 Effects of Tort Reform on Claim Frequency and Damage Awards
205(1)
2.3 Effects of Tort Reform on Insurance
206(2)
3 Safety Effects of Road Traffic Liability
208(4)
3.1 The Change in the Negligence Rule
208(1)
3.2 Safety Measures
209(3)
4 Costs and Benefits
212(3)
4.1 Administrative Costs
212(2)
4.2 Cost-Benefit Analysis
214(1)
5 Conclusion
215(2)
5 Economic Analysis of Alternative Instruments
217(30)
Introduction
217(3)
1 Alternative Instruments for RTA Prevention
220(2)
2 The Choice of Sanctions
222(2)
3 First-Party Insurance Scheme as an Alternative Compensatory Instrument
224(4)
3.1 First-Party Insurance versus Liability Insurance
224(2)
3.2 First-Party Insurance versus Tort Liability
226(2)
4 Compensation Schemes Not Based on Fault
228(16)
4.1 No-Fault Compensation Systems for RTAS
228(4)
4.2 Some Empirical Evidence
232(5)
4.3 Rationale of Compulsory Insurance
237(3)
4.4 Rationale of Social Security
240(4)
5 Conclusion
244(3)
6 Critical Analysis of the Current Road Traffic Liability System in China
247(42)
Introduction
247(1)
1 Critical Analysis of the Road Traffic Liability System in China
248(19)
1.1 Multiple-Goals
249(1)
1.2 Basis of Liability
250(4)
1.3 Objective Test to Determine Fault
254(1)
1.4 Imputability
255(1)
1.5 Causation and Causal Apportionment among Multiple Tortfeasors
256(3)
1.6 Quantum Rules
259(4)
1.7 The Role Played by the Victim
263(2)
1.8 Interplay between Traffic Safety Regulation and Tort Law
265(2)
2 Critical Analysis of the Chinese rta Compensation System
267(8)
2.1 Liability Insurance in China
268(6)
2.2 First-party Insurance and Social Security Schemes
274(1)
3 Some Empirics
275(10)
3.1 Frequency, Severity, and Causes of Road Traffic Accidents
276(2)
3.2 Claim Initiation
278(1)
3.3 Claim Resolution
279(4)
3.4 Litigation Costs
283(1)
3.5 The Effectiveness of Road Traffic Safety Regulation
284(1)
4 Conclusion
285(4)
7 Summary, Policy Recommendations and Future Developments
289(44)
1 Summary of Main Findings
289(36)
1.1 Answers to Question 1
289(8)
1.2 Answers to Question 2
297(6)
1.3 Answers to Question 3
303(14)
1.4 Answers to Question 4
317(5)
1.5 Answers to Question 5
322(3)
2 Possibilities for Future Research
325(4)
3 The Way Forward
329(4)
Appendix 1 Chinese Legislation 333(9)
Appendix 2 Cases 342(3)
Appendix 3 Interviews 345(2)
Bibliography 347(32)
Index 379
Yu Yan obtained her Ph.D. in Law in 2018 in Institute for Transnational Legal Research (METRO) at Maastricht University in the Netherlands. She now works as a research fellow in School of Law at Xiamen University in China. She has published several articles and her research interest includes tort law, law and economics analysis of accident law, and insurance law.
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