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Roadwork: Theory and Practice 6th edition [Pehme köide]

(Consulting Engineer, UK), (Consulting Engineer, UK), (Consulting Engineer, UK)
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 364 pages, kõrgus x laius: 276x219 mm, kaal: 926 g, 53 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 03-Oct-2019
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 0815383185
  • ISBN-13: 9780815383185
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Roadwork: Theory and Practice 6th editionSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 364 pages, kõrgus x laius: 276x219 mm, kaal: 926 g, 53 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 03-Oct-2019
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 0815383185
  • ISBN-13: 9780815383185
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Märksõnad:
Roadwork: Theory and Practice, now in its sixth edition, gives the essential information needed by every road worker, highway technician, incorporated, graduate or chartered engineer, not only by explaining the theory of road construction and its associated activities, but by illustrating its application with practical working methods that are in use in everyday engineering practice. As such, it successfully bridges the gap so often found between civil engineering theory and the day-to-day work of a highways engineer.

The authors have drawn from a lifetime of experience in the construction industry and included current design and construction practices.
Preface ix
1 Highway development
1(1)
1.1 Introduction: Early Road Systems
1(1)
1.2 Terms Used and Their Derivations
2(1)
1.3 The Transition Period
3(1)
1.4 Britain in Later Years
4(1)
1.5 Road Development
5(1)
1.6 Highway Legislation
5(1)
1.7 Mid-twentieth Century Roads, Prior to 1940
6(1)
1.8 Road Construction After 1940, in Great Britain
6(1)
1.9 Definition of Highway
6(1)
1.10 Classification of Highways by Use
7(1)
1.11 Highway Management
7(4)
Revision Questions
9(2)
2 Maps, drawings and surveying
11(1)
2.1 Types of Drawings
11(5)
2.2 Simple Setting Out
16(3)
2.3 Accurate Setting Out of Curves
19(4)
2.4 Surveying
23(5)
2.5 Transferring a Level
28(1)
2.6 Levelling
28(17)
Revision Questions
43(2)
3 Earthworks
45(1)
3.1 Setting Out Prior to Starting Earthworks
45(1)
3.2 Earthmoving or Muck Shifting
46(2)
3.3 Compaction
48(1)
3.4 Replacement of Topsoil and Grassing
49(1)
3.5 Cut and Fill
49(1)
3.6 Capping Layer
49(1)
3.7 Methods of Drying Out Waterlogged Ground
50(1)
3.8 Fascine Construction
50(1)
3.9 Stabilizing Ground
50(3)
3.10 Load-bearing Fill
53(1)
3.11 Soils
53(1)
3.12 Soil Phases
53(1)
3.13 Compaction Testing
53(1)
3.14 Soil Water
54(1)
3.15 Consistency of a Soil
55(1)
3.16 Liquid Limit and Plastic Limit
55(1)
3.17 Backfill
55(2)
Revision Questions
56(1)
4 Drainage
57(1)
4.1 General
57(1)
4.2 Foul Water Drainage
57(1)
4.3 Foul Drains
58(1)
4.4 Storm Water Drains
58(1)
4.5 Road Drainage Systems
58(1)
4.6 Sub-soil Drainage
58(1)
4.7 Road Surface Water Drainage
59(1)
4.8 Design Principles
59(1)
4.9 Drainage Work
60(5)
4.10 Notes on Supporting Excavations
65(7)
4.11 Types of Pipes and Joints
72(2)
4.12 Protection of Pipes
74(1)
4.13 Bedding Construction and Bedding Load Factor
74(2)
4.14 Rules for Good Pipelaying Practice
76(1)
4.15 Culverts
76(1)
4.16 Access Chambers
77(3)
4.17 Gullies and Grips
80(2)
4.18 Headwalls and Aprons
82(1)
4.19 Other Drainage Equipment and Techniques
83(4)
4.20 Water and Air Testing of Drains (Construction & Testing of Drains & Sewers BS EN 1610:2015)
87(2)
4.21 Clearing of Blocked Drains
89(2)
Revision Questions
89(2)
5 Flexible and composite pavement
91(1)
5.1 The Purpose of the Road
91(1)
5.2 The Structure of the Pavement
91(1)
5.3 The Load-Carrying Requirements of a Flexible Pavement
92(1)
5.4 Overall Concept of Pavement Design
93(3)
5.5 The Sub-base
96(1)
5.6 The Base(roadbase) (Figure 5.9)
96(1)
5.7 Sub-base and Base(roadbase) Materials
97(1)
5.8 Unbound Sub-base and Base(roadbase) Materials
97(1)
5.9 Spreading, Levelling and Compacting Unbound Materials
98(1)
5.10 Bituminous Bases(roadbases)
99(1)
5.11 Concrete and Cement-bound Materials
100(1)
5.12 Surfacing
101(1)
5.13 Binder Course Materials
102(1)
5.14 Surface Courses (Figure 5.11)
103(2)
5.15 Preparatory Work Before Laying
105(1)
5.16 Transporting Flexible Road Materials
106(1)
5.17 Laying the Surface Material
106(1)
5.18 Specification for Laying Bituminous Materials
106(2)
5.19 Check List to Use when Laying Road Material
108(1)
5.20 Laying Thicknesses and Rates of Spread
109(1)
5.21 Delivery Checks and Controls
109(1)
5.22 Surface Alignment and Regularity
110(3)
5.23 Colour Finishes of Bituminous Surfacings
113(1)
5.24 Conservation and Use of Reclaimed Materials
114(1)
5.25 Recycling the Existing Road Surface
115(2)
Revision Questions
116(1)
6 Rigid pavements
117(1)
6.1 Introduction
117(1)
6.2 The Rigid Road
118(1)
6.3 Concrete Quality
118(1)
6.4 Reinforcement
119(1)
6.5 Surface Finish
119(1)
6.6 Curing
120(1)
6.7 Joints in Pavement Slabs
120(3)
6.8 Treatment of Manholes and Gullies
123(1)
6.9 Machine Laid Concrete
123(2)
6.10 Finishing Processes (Figure 6.9)
125(1)
6.11 Concreting Trains (Figure 6.10)
125(1)
6.12 Comparison of Slip-form and Concreting Train Methods of Laying a Rigid Pavement
126(1)
6.13 Concreting by Hand
126(2)
6.14 Alternate Bay Construction Procedure
128(1)
6.15 Formwork or Shuttering
128(1)
6.16 Transverse Joints
129(1)
6.17 Longitudinal Joints
129(1)
6.18 Release Agents
130(1)
6.19 Striking of Formwork
130(1)
6.20 Tamping
131(1)
6.21 Surface Finish and Texture
131(1)
6.22 Curing of Hand Laid Concrete
131(1)
6.23 Warping Joints
131(1)
6.24 Sampling and Testing
132(1)
6.25 Fast-track Concrete Paving
132(1)
6.26 Reinstatement
133(2)
Revision Questions
133(2)
7 Kerbing, footways and paved areas
135(1)
7.1 The Purpose of Kerbing
135(1)
7.2 Kerbing Materials and Other Types of Edge Detail
135(5)
7.3 Properties of Natural Stone and Precast Concrete Kerbs
140(1)
7.4 Laying Precast Concrete Kerbs
140(4)
7.5 Terminology
144(1)
7.6 Footways
144(1)
7.7 Surfacing Materials and Laying Techniques
145(3)
7.8 Paved Areas (e.g. Precincts with Special Treatments)
148(7)
Revision Questions
153(2)
8 Ancillary construction work
155(1)
8.1 Hedging
155(1)
8.2 Planting Small Trees of About 2--3 m in Height
156(1)
8.3 Planting Semi-Mature Trees 4--5 m or More in Height
157(1)
8.4 Seeding of Verges, etc.
158(1)
8.5 Fencing
159(2)
8.6 Fencing Posts
161(1)
8.7 Erection of Fencing
161(1)
8.8 Snow Fencing
161(2)
8.9 Arrangement of Snow Fences
163(1)
8.10 Brick Walling
163(2)
8.11 Retaining Walls
165(2)
8.12 Shuttering for Walls
167(1)
8.13 Reinforcement for Walls
167(2)
Revision Questions
167(2)
9 Safety at work
169(1)
9.1 Safety and the Law
169(1)
9.2 A Safe Place of Work
170(1)
9.3 Safety on Highway Sites
170(4)
9.4 Temporary Signing of Roadworks
174(1)
9.5 Principles of Good Signing at Roadworks
175(11)
9.6 Spillage of Chemical Substances on the Highway
186(2)
9.7 Safety in Sewers
188(2)
9.8 General Precautions Whilst Working in Sewers
190(1)
9.9 Emergencies
191(2)
Revision Questions
192(1)
10 Materials and testing
193(1)
Part 1 Materials: Flexible Pavements
193(1)
10.1 Bituminous Roadbuilding Materials
193(1)
10.2 Roadmaking Aggregates
194(1)
10.3 Rock for Roadmaking Purposes
194(1)
10.4 Bitumen
195(1)
10.5 Sources of Refinery Bitumen
196(1)
10.6 Penetration-grade Bitumen
196(1)
10.7 Fluxed Bitumens
196(1)
10.8 Bitumen Emulsions
196(2)
10.9 Mastic Asphalt
198(1)
10.10 Aggregates in Bituminous Materials
198(1)
10.11 Modified Binders
198(1)
10.12 European Terminology
198(1)
10.13 General Description of Bituminous Materials
198(2)
10.14 Required Working Temperatures for Bituminous Materials
200(1)
Part 2 Testing of Bituminous Materials
200(1)
10.15 Sampling Tehchniques
200(1)
10.16 Selecting Samples
201(1)
10.17 Standard Test Sieves
201(1)
10.18 Penetration of Bitumen
202(1)
10.19 Viscosity of Bitumens and Tars
203(1)
10.20 Softening Point of Tar or Bitumen: Ring and Ball Test
204(1)
10.21 Polished Stone Value
204(1)
Part 3 Materials: Rigid Pavements
205(1)
10.22 Materials used in Rigid Pavements
205(1)
10.23 Concrete
205(1)
10.24 Aggregates
206(1)
10.25 Admixtures to Concrete
206(2)
10.26 Consistence of a Concrete Mix
208(1)
10.27 Lightweight Concrete using Pulverized Fuel Ash (PFA)
209(1)
Part 4 Testing: Rigid Pavements
209(1)
10.28 The Silt Test
209(1)
10.29 Taking a Sample from a Concrete Mixer (either site or truck)
210(1)
10.30 The Slump Test
210(1)
10.31 Making Cubes
211(1)
10.32 Compacting Factor Test
212(1)
Part 5 Tests on Soils
213(1)
10.33 California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Test for Soils
213(2)
10.34 Optimum Moisture Content
215(4)
Revision Questions
217(2)
11 Highway plant
219(1)
11.1 Introduction
219(1)
Part 1 Heavy Plant and Equipment
219(1)
11.2 Excavators (Wheeled)
219(1)
11.3 Excavators (Tracked)
220(1)
11.4 Mini Excavators and Skid Steer Loaders
220(1)
Part 2 Small Trenching Units
221(1)
11.5 Dumper Trucks
221(1)
11.6 Lifting Appliances
221(1)
11.7 Lorry Loaders
222(1)
11.8 Paving Machines
222(2)
11.9 Road Sweepers
224(1)
11.10 Gully Emptiers and Jetting Equipment
225(1)
11.11 Winter Services Vehicle (Principle of Operation)
226(1)
11.12 Snow Plough
227(1)
11.13 Mowers and Tractor Cutting Attachments
227(1)
11.14 Road Rollers
228(2)
11.15 Concrete Mixers
230(2)
Part 3 Light Plant and Equipment
232(1)
11.16 Compressors
232(1)
11.17 Hydraulic Breaker Pack
233(1)
11.18 Hand-Operated Power Breakers
233(1)
11.19 Hand-Operated Tampers and Vibrators
233(1)
11.20 Pumps
234(1)
11.21 Wheeled Cutters (concrete/asphalt saws)
235(1)
11.22 Chainsaws
236(1)
11.23 Brushcutters and Strimmers
236(1)
11.24 Vehicle Actuated Portable Traffic Signals
237(1)
11.25 Remote Control Temporary `Stop/Go' Boards
238(1)
11.26 Cable/Pipe Detectors
238(3)
Revision Questions
239(2)
12 Street furniture
241(1)
12.1 Permanent Signs
241(9)
12.2 Road Markings
250(6)
12.3 Pedestrian Guard Rails
256(2)
12.4 Vehicle Restraint Systems (VRS)
258(5)
12.5 Traffic Signals and Roundabouts
263(3)
12.6 Street Lighting
266(5)
Revision Questions
269(2)
13 Bridgeworks: construction and maintenance
271(1)
13.1 Historical Notes
271(1)
13.2 Design
271(1)
13.3 Bridge Types
271(2)
13.4 Abutments
273(1)
13.5 Superstructure (Figure 13.6)
273(1)
13.6 Composite Construction (Figure 13.9)
273(1)
13.7 Prestressed Concrete Beams (Figure 13.10)
273(1)
13.8 Expansion
274(2)
13.9 Waterproofing
276(1)
13.10 Parapet Walls
276(1)
13.11 Large Bridges
277(1)
13.12 Bridge Maintenance
277(3)
13.13 Footbridges
280(1)
13.14 Timber Bridges
281(2)
13.15 Preservation of Timber
283(1)
13.16 Repair of Corroded Concrete Bridge Structures
284(1)
13.17 High Pressure Water Concrete Repair Treatment
284(1)
13.18 Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC)
284(3)
Revision Questions
285(2)
14 Highway maintenance
287(1)
14.1 Introduction
287(3)
14.2 Amenity and Aids to Movement
290(3)
14.3 Weather Emergencies
293(1)
14.4 Brief Notes on Materials and Equipment
293(1)
14.5 Treatment of Snow and Ice
294(1)
14.6 Identification of Road Maintenance Problems
295(3)
14.7 Repairs
298(2)
14.8 Planing
300(1)
14.9 Surface Dressing
300(1)
14.10 Materials
301(1)
14.11 Design of the Specification
301(2)
14.12 Outline of Procedure for Surface Dressing
303(1)
14.13 Resurfacing
304(2)
14.14 Strengthening or Widening of Carriageway by Haunching
306(1)
14.15 Repair of Road Haunch
306(1)
14.16 Mix-in-Place Recycling
307(1)
14.17 The Retread Process
307(2)
14.18 Repave and Re-Mix
309(1)
14.19 Retexturing Road Surfaces
309(1)
14.20 Pressure Grouting: Rigid Pavements
309(2)
14.21 Replacement of Failed Slabs
311(2)
Revision Questions
311(2)
15 New Roads and Street Works Act 1991
313(1)
15.1 Background
313(1)
15.2 The Public Utilities Street Works Act (PUSWA) 1950
313(1)
15.3 Model Agreement and Specification
313(1)
15.4 Home Report
313(1)
15.5 New Roads and Street Works Act 1991
313(1)
15.6 Excavation and Reinstatement of Trenches
314(2)
15.7 Specification for the Reinstatement of Openings in the Highway. (3rd edition (England) April 2010)
316(4)
15.8 Reinstatement Practice
320(1)
15.9 Inspection
320(5)
15.10 General Summary
325(2)
Revision Questions
325(2)
16 Site organization
327(1)
16.1 Introduction
327(1)
16.2 Contract Documents
327(1)
16.3 Tender Documents
328(1)
16.4 Work Planning
328(2)
16.5 Preparations for Starting Work
330(1)
16.6 Resources of Production
330(2)
16.7 Work Programming
332(3)
16.8 Examples of Diagrams
335(4)
Revision Questions
338(1)
Answers to Revision Questions 339(2)
Suggested reading list 341(2)
Index 343
Malcolm Copson has worked in the civil engineering sector for 45 years before moving into transport and distribution. He has been actively involved in previous copies of this publication and maintained his keen interest in new engineering applications through membership of the Institution of Civil Engineers. Prior to recent retirement, he was an active member of the Highway Safety Officers Group and remains a corporate member of the Institute of Occupational Safety & Health.

Peter Kendrick moved from the education sector into highways engineering and became the first Training & Development Officer for Hereford and Worcester County Council Highways Department. He was responsible for developing highways training programmes for all disciplines and recognised the demand for educational material that could be applied at the practitioner level. He is an original author of this publication and, now retired, remains a well-informed consultant in the field of civil engineering.

Steve Beresford spent many years involved in Local Authority Highways Maintenance Trunk Roads and Motorway Inspections before moving into civil engineering training in both the public and private sector. He has managed his own training, development and consultancy business for over 12 years offering a wide range of practical bespoke courses and nationally accredited courses. He represented industry in the development of National Standards for Awarding Bodies.