| Preface |
|
vii | |
|
|
|
xvii | |
|
|
|
xxi | |
|
|
|
1 | (16) |
|
|
|
1 | (2) |
|
|
|
3 | (10) |
|
|
|
13 | (4) |
|
The oldest recorded Germanic |
|
|
17 | (20) |
|
Linguistic reconstruction |
|
|
17 | (1) |
|
Linguistic inventories vs. linguistic structures |
|
|
18 | (1) |
|
|
|
19 | (4) |
|
|
|
23 | (3) |
|
|
|
26 | (3) |
|
The end of Proto-Germanic |
|
|
29 | (2) |
|
|
|
31 | (1) |
|
Northwest Germanic: Language and inscriptions |
|
|
32 | (2) |
|
The end of Northwest Germanic |
|
|
34 | (1) |
|
|
|
34 | (3) |
|
The earliest Germanic writing system |
|
|
37 | (14) |
|
|
|
37 | (5) |
|
The older, or Germanic fupark |
|
|
42 | (9) |
|
The graphemic system of the older runes |
|
|
51 | (22) |
|
|
|
51 | (1) |
|
|
|
52 | (3) |
|
|
|
52 | (1) |
|
Runes with 1 staff and 1 branch |
|
|
53 | (1) |
|
Runes with 1 staff and 2 branches |
|
|
53 | (1) |
|
Runes with pockets or crooks |
|
|
54 | (1) |
|
|
|
55 | (18) |
|
|
|
56 | (8) |
|
|
|
64 | (2) |
|
|
|
66 | (1) |
|
|
|
66 | (3) |
|
|
|
69 | (1) |
|
|
|
70 | (3) |
|
|
|
73 | (20) |
|
Earlier attempts at deciphering |
|
|
73 | (1) |
|
The rise of comparative linguistics |
|
|
74 | (2) |
|
The conflict over Schleswig-Holstein |
|
|
76 | (1) |
|
|
|
76 | (3) |
|
|
|
79 | (2) |
|
|
|
81 | (2) |
|
|
|
83 | (4) |
|
|
|
87 | (2) |
|
Northwest Germanic /r/ and /z/ |
|
|
89 | (1) |
|
|
|
90 | (3) |
|
Age and origin of the fupark |
|
|
93 | (26) |
|
Earlier views on the age and origin |
|
|
93 | (1) |
|
Erik Moltke and the Danish theory |
|
|
93 | (6) |
|
A structural approach to the question of origins |
|
|
99 | (7) |
|
|
|
106 | (2) |
|
|
|
108 | (3) |
|
|
|
111 | (3) |
|
|
|
114 | (2) |
|
|
|
116 | (3) |
|
Reading runic inscriptions |
|
|
119 | (30) |
|
Directionality and arrangement |
|
|
119 | (1) |
|
|
|
120 | (3) |
|
Other runestones of more than one line |
|
|
123 | (3) |
|
|
|
126 | (8) |
|
A question of alignment: The Opedal stone |
|
|
134 | (8) |
|
|
|
134 | (2) |
|
|
|
136 | (1) |
|
Opedal's ``evidence'' for /e/ > /i/ before /-u/ |
|
|
137 | (2) |
|
|
|
139 | (2) |
|
The age of the Opedal inscription |
|
|
141 | (1) |
|
|
|
142 | (2) |
|
|
|
144 | (4) |
|
|
|
148 | (1) |
|
Dating runic inscriptions |
|
|
149 | (20) |
|
Linguistic and runological evidence |
|
|
149 | (1) |
|
Pseudo-evidence for dating |
|
|
150 | (5) |
|
No help from archeologists: The Strom whetstone |
|
|
155 | (7) |
|
Grammatical analysis of the whetstone's inscription |
|
|
156 | (1) |
|
|
|
157 | (2) |
|
|
|
159 | (1) |
|
|
|
160 | (2) |
|
Different materials, different shapes? |
|
|
162 | (1) |
|
Relative dating from linguistic evidence |
|
|
163 | (3) |
|
Chronological stalemate in the older period |
|
|
166 | (3) |
|
|
|
169 | (38) |
|
Magical ``solutions'' and their consequences |
|
|
169 | (1) |
|
``Imaginative'' and ``skeptical'' runologists |
|
|
170 | (2) |
|
Not intended for human eyes |
|
|
172 | (4) |
|
The assumed magical power of the runes |
|
|
176 | (9) |
|
|
|
180 | (5) |
|
The runemaster, erilaz, as ``runemagician'' |
|
|
185 | (3) |
|
The runemaster and the cult of Odin |
|
|
188 | (12) |
|
Assumed Odin-designations |
|
|
192 | (4) |
|
|
|
196 | (4) |
|
``Runic tradition'' through the millenia |
|
|
200 | (7) |
|
|
|
207 | (30) |
|
|
|
207 | (1) |
|
|
|
207 | (2) |
|
Inscriptions with isolated words |
|
|
209 | (5) |
|
|
|
209 | (1) |
|
|
|
210 | (1) |
|
|
|
211 | (1) |
|
|
|
212 | (1) |
|
|
|
212 | (1) |
|
|
|
213 | (1) |
|
|
|
214 | (1) |
|
|
|
215 | (2) |
|
Isolated names on loose objects |
|
|
217 | (1) |
|
|
|
218 | (4) |
|
Commemorative inscriptions |
|
|
222 | (2) |
|
|
|
223 | (1) |
|
Stones with only two names in the nominative |
|
|
223 | (1) |
|
Inscriptions without verbs |
|
|
224 | (6) |
|
|
|
225 | (1) |
|
|
|
226 | (1) |
|
|
|
226 | (1) |
|
|
|
227 | (1) |
|
|
|
228 | (1) |
|
|
|
229 | (1) |
|
|
|
230 | (7) |
|
|
|
230 | (2) |
|
|
|
232 | (1) |
|
The Nydam wooden axhandle |
|
|
233 | (4) |
|
Phonological rules and paradigms |
|
|
237 | (24) |
|
|
|
237 | (3) |
|
|
|
240 | (2) |
|
Root-consonant and i-stems |
|
|
242 | (5) |
|
The root-consonant paradigms |
|
|
243 | (2) |
|
|
|
245 | (2) |
|
Repatterning of the paradigms |
|
|
247 | (4) |
|
|
|
251 | (3) |
|
The genitive plural and trimoric vowels |
|
|
254 | (2) |
|
Proto-Indo-European vowel sequences |
|
|
256 | (5) |
|
Some controversial grammatical forms |
|
|
261 | (24) |
|
|
|
261 | (12) |
|
Proper names without endings |
|
|
273 | (6) |
|
|
|
279 | (1) |
|
|
|
280 | (2) |
|
|
|
282 | (3) |
|
|
|
285 | (12) |
|
Linguists' use of runic inscriptions |
|
|
285 | (2) |
|
|
|
287 | (4) |
|
|
|
291 | (1) |
|
|
|
292 | (1) |
|
|
|
293 | (3) |
|
|
|
296 | (1) |
|
``Archaicizing'' inscriptions |
|
|
297 | (18) |
|
Vernacular vs. elevated style |
|
|
297 | (2) |
|
|
|
299 | (2) |
|
|
|
301 | (1) |
|
|
|
302 | (1) |
|
The Bjorketorp and Stentoften stones |
|
|
303 | (10) |
|
Bjorketorp hAidR-, Stentoften hideR- |
|
|
305 | (1) |
|
Bjorketorp, Stentoften -runo |
|
|
306 | (1) |
|
Bjorketorp ronu, Stentoften ...no |
|
|
307 | (1) |
|
Bjorketorp fAlAhAk, Stentoften felAhekA |
|
|
307 | (1) |
|
Bjorketorp hAidera, Stentoften hederA |
|
|
308 | (1) |
|
Bjorketorp ginA-, Stentoften gino- |
|
|
308 | (1) |
|
Bjorketorp -runAR, Stentoften -ronoR |
|
|
308 | (1) |
|
Bjorketorp, Stentoften ArAgeu |
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
Bjorketorp hAerAmA-, Stentoften herAmA- |
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
Bjorketorp -IAuSR, Stentoften -IAS |
|
|
310 | (1) |
|
|
|
310 | (1) |
|
Bjorketorp, Stentoften AR |
|
|
310 | (1) |
|
Bjorketorp, Stentoften welA- |
|
|
310 | (1) |
|
Bjorketorp -dAude, Stentoften -dud |
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
Bjorketorp SAR, Stentoften SA |
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
Bjorketorp, Stentoften pAt |
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
Bjorketorp bArutR, Stentoften bAriutip |
|
|
312 | (1) |
|
The evidence from Bjorketorp and Stentoften |
|
|
312 | (1) |
|
The Jelling stones 1 and 2 |
|
|
313 | (2) |
|
|
|
315 | (14) |
|
Pieper's rehabilitation of the Weser inscriptions |
|
|
315 | (2) |
|
Pieper's ``imaginative'' runological interpretation |
|
|
317 | (3) |
|
Critique of Pieper's interpretation |
|
|
320 | (5) |
|
A ``skeptical runological'' interpretation |
|
|
325 | (4) |
|
|
|
325 | (1) |
|
|
|
325 | (1) |
|
|
|
326 | (1) |
|
|
|
327 | (2) |
|
Old English digraphic spellings |
|
|
329 | (14) |
|
Diphthongs or monophthongs? |
|
|
329 | (1) |
|
The rise of syllabic variants |
|
|
330 | (3) |
|
|
|
333 | (5) |
|
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
|
|
339 | (4) |
| References |
|
343 | (24) |
| Index of inscriptions |
|
367 | (4) |
| Index of runic words |
|
371 | (4) |
| Index of names |
|
375 | (4) |
| Index of subjects |
|
379 | |