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Spanish Blue Division on the Eastern Front, 1941-1945: War, Occupation, Memory [Pehme köide]

  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 368 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 229x152x25 mm, kaal: 540 g, 24 b&w illustrations, 2 b&w maps, 1 b&w table
  • Sari: Toronto Iberic
  • Ilmumisaeg: 17-Mar-2022
  • Kirjastus: University of Toronto Press
  • ISBN-10: 148754166X
  • ISBN-13: 9781487541668
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 368 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 229x152x25 mm, kaal: 540 g, 24 b&w illustrations, 2 b&w maps, 1 b&w table
  • Sari: Toronto Iberic
  • Ilmumisaeg: 17-Mar-2022
  • Kirjastus: University of Toronto Press
  • ISBN-10: 148754166X
  • ISBN-13: 9781487541668

The Spanish Blue Division on the Eastern Front, 1941–1945 addresses the history and memory of the Spanish volunteers that served alongside the German army in the invasion of Russia.



In 1941, the Franco regime established the Spanish Division of Volunteers to take part in the Russian campaign as a unit integrated into the German Wehrmacht. Recruited by both the Fascist Party (Falange) and the Spanish army, around 47,000 Spanish volunteers joined what would become known as the "Blue Division."

The Spanish Blue Division on the Eastern Front, 1941–1945 explores an intimate history of the Blue Division "from below," using personal war diaries, letters, and memoirs, as well as official documents from military archives in Spain, Germany, Britain, and Russia. In addition to describing the Spanish experience on the Eastern Front, Xos? M. N ez Seixas takes on controversial topics including the Blue Division’s proximity to the Holocaust and how members of the Blue Division have been remembered and commemorated. Addressing issues such as the behaviour of the Spaniards as occupiers, their perception by the Russians, their witnessing of the Holocaust, their commitment to the war aims of Nazi Germany, and their narratives on the war after 1945, this book illuminates the experience of Spanish combatants and occupied civilians.

Arvustused

"The Spanish Blue Division on the Eastern Front makes for compelling readingThis accessible book should be read by anyone interested in modern Spain, the Eastern Front, Axis allies, or soldier motivation." - Grant T. Harward, US Army Center of Military History (Michigan War Studies Review) "Núñez Seixass illuminating book fills a forgotten niche in the copious literature of World War IIthis work helps to address important questions about the soldier-level experiences often ignored by historians." - Professor J. Schultz (StrategyPage)

List of Illustrations
ix
List of Abbreviations
xi
Acknowledgments xiii
1 Introduction: The Blue Division, the Franco Regime, and the Second World War
3(20)
Placing the Blue Division within New Military History
3(10)
Enemies and Friends: Russia, Germany, and Spanish Fascism (1917-41)
13(3)
From the Imagined Russian to the Real Russian (1917-41)
13(3)
Hitler, German Nazism, and Spanish Fascism (1930-41)
16(7)
Italian and German Echoes (1924-36)
16(3)
Fascinated by the Third Reich (1936-41)
19(4)
2 Russia Is Guilty!
23(53)
Extermination and Brutalization: Operation Barbarossa and a Different Kind of War
23(5)
Allies in the "European Crusade against Bolshevism"
28(7)
European Volunteers against Bolshevism: Myth and Reality
30(5)
Spanish Volunteers against the USSR: Recruitment, Sending, and the Nature of the Blue Division
35(7)
Who Volunteered for the Blue Division?
42(29)
The "Fever" of the Summer of 1941
45(6)
The Replacements of 1942-3: Mercenaries, Conscripts, or Volunteers?
51(9)
Social and Prosopographic Profile of the Volunteers
60(6)
Falangists, Ex-combatants, and "Wartime Francoists"
66(2)
Clearing Your Military Record or Deserting
68(3)
"Spain on the Volkhov": Falangism in the Blue Division
71(5)
3 A Long March: From Central Europe to the Volkhov Front
76(24)
The Wehrmacht and Spanish Soldiers
81(5)
The Admired Wehrmacht: An Egalitarian Army?
81(2)
Spanish and German Soldiers: Stereotypes, Coexistence, and Conflict
83(3)
On the German Home Front
86(8)
The "Achievements" of the Third Reich: Spanish Impressions
86(3)
Iberians and Bavarians
89(2)
German Girls: "A Taste of Paganism and Nature"
91(3)
Occupied Populations on the March to the Front: Spaniards, Poles, and Baltic Peoples
94(6)
4 The Blue Division on the Front
100(46)
Lost Victories: The Volkhov Front (October 1941-August 1942)
104(12)
War of Positions in the Siege of Leningrad (September 1942-November 1943)
116(7)
The Short-Lived Blue Legion (December 1943-March 1944)
123(3)
Life on the Front: The Daily Experience of Spanish Combatants
126(20)
Cold, Filth, Boredom and Peril
127(12)
Lunger or Remarque?
139(3)
Comradeship and the Cult of the Fallen
142(4)
5 Occupation Practices of the Blue Division in Northwest Russia
146(57)
Another Image of the Enemy
148(11)
From "the Horde" to "the Ruski"
150(9)
Victims, Exotics, and Noble Savages: Russian Civilians
159(11)
A "Stinking and Depraved Poverty"
159(4)
The Karamazov Revived?
163(2)
A Pseudo-Asia tic People?
165(3)
The Noble Savage: An Opportunity for Redemption
168(2)
An Idyllic Relationship? The Occupiers and the Occupied
170(16)
Colourful and Undisciplined Occupiers
172(3)
Sleeping with the Enemy
175(3)
Ugly Panienkas, Idealized Katiushas, and the Children
178(5)
Dealing with Partisans: Benevolence or Inefficacy?
183(3)
The Spanish Division and the "Jewish Question"
186(17)
Anti-Semitism without Jews
187(2)
Encountering the Eastern European Jews, 1941-3
189(2)
Grodno, Oshmiany, Vilnius, and Riga
191(9)
Protectors or Bystanders?
200(3)
6 The Last Crusaders of the Nazi New Order (1944-5)
203(10)
Spaniards in the Wehrmacht and the Waffen-SS (1944--5)
203(5)
Nazis, Radical Falangists, and Survivors
208(5)
7 War Veterans and Memories from the Eastern Front in Franco's Spain (1942-75)
213(26)
Prosopography of the Trajectories of BD Returnees
215(3)
Agents of Memory: Blue Division Veterans' Associations
218(8)
The Blue Division Post-war Narrative
226(13)
Cliches in Blue Division Memory
230(2)
An Unpleasant Topic: The Holocaust
232(4)
Epilogue: "We Were Right!" The "Conversion" of Russia
236(3)
8 Conclusion: A Spanish Exception in the War of Extermination?
239(6)
Notes 245(58)
Sources and References 303(34)
Index 337
Xosé M. Núñez Seixas is a professor of modern European history at the University of Santiago de Compostela.