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E-raamat: SPICE for Power Electronics and Electric Power

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(University of West Florida, Pensacola, USA)
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SPICE for Power Electronics and Electric PowerSuurem pilt
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Rashid (electrical and computer engineering, U. of West Florida) presents a textbook that can be used as a core text for a course teaching junior or senior undergraduate students how to us the SPICE circuit-design software in power electronics, or as a supplement in a power electronics course at the same level. Even in its free student version, he says, the software can serve as a virtual laboratory when an expensive physical one is not available. His topics include circuit descriptions, voltage and current sources, diode rectifiers, resonant-pulse inverters, and characteristics of electrical motors. Annotation ©2012 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com) Power electronics can be a difficult course for students to understand and for professors to teach. Simplifying the process for both, SPICE for Power Electronics and Electric Power, Third Edition illustrates methods of integrating industry standard SPICE software for design verification and as a theoretical laboratory bench. Helpful PSpice Software and Program Files Available for DownloadBased on the author Muhammad H. Rashid’s considerable experience merging design content and SPICE into a power electronics course, this vastly improved and updated edition focuses on helping readers integrate the SPICE simulator with a minimum amount of time and effort. Giving users a better understanding of the operation of a power electronics circuit, the author explores the transient behavior of current and voltage waveforms for each and every circuit element at every stage. The book also includes examples of all types of power converters, as well as circuits with linear and nonlinear inductors. New in this edition:Student learning outcomes (SLOs) listed at the start of each chapterChanges to run on OrCAD version 9.2Added VPRINT1 and IPRINT1 commands and examplesNotes that identify important conceptsExamples illustrating EVALUE, GVALUE, ETABLE, GTABLE, ELAPLACE, GLAPLACE, EFREQ, and GFREQMathematical relations for expected outcomes, where appropriateThe Fourier series of the output voltages for rectifiers and invertersPSpice simulations of DC link inverters and AC voltage controllers with PWM controlThis book demonstrates techniques of executing power conversions and ensuring the quality of the output waveforms rather than the accurate modeling of power semiconductor devices. This approach benefits students, enabling them to compare classroom results obtained with simple switch models of devices. In addition, a new chapter covers multi-level converters. Assuming no prior knowledge of SPICE or PSpice simulation, the text provides detailed step-by-step instructions on how to draw a schematic of a circuit, execute simulations, and view or plot the output results. It also includes suggestions for laboratory experiments and design problems that can be used for student homework assignments.

Arvustused

" ...an excellent way to learn the basics of PSpice. It provides many examples, generally much better than the software manuals, on how each circuit element is specified and, more importantly, how the various options and special commands are used. There are also good examples that show how to model various circuit components such as a power transformer by using a combination of elements and commands. ... The material on simulation errors contains excellent advice on the little details in PSpice that are important when higher currents and voltages are being used in power electronics and other higher-power circuits. ... Electrical engineering students, especially those with a power engineering interest, will find this book very helpful for validating circuit designs. Electrical engineers will also find this book useful as a concise reference source for PSpice simulation examples for various power electronic circuit examples. It could also be used as a supplemental textbook in an undergraduate electrical engineering course, since it has problems listed at the end of each chapter and is a very good instructional resource book." IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, November/December 2013

Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xvii
Author xix
PSpice Software and Program Files xxi
Chapter 1 Introduction
1(14)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Descriptions of SPICE
2(1)
1.3 Types of SPICE
2(1)
1.4 Types of Analysis
3(1)
1.5 Limitations of PSpice
4(2)
1.6 Descriptions of Simulation Software Tools
6(1)
1.7 PSpice Platform
7(1)
1.7.1 PSpice A/D
7(1)
1.7.2 PSpice Schematics
7(1)
1.7.3 OrCAD Capture
8(1)
1.8 PSpice Schematics versus OrCAD Capture
8(1)
1.9 SPICE Resources
9(4)
1.9.1 Websites with Free SPICE Models
9(2)
1.9.2 Websites with SPICE Models
11(1)
1.9.3 SPICE and Circuit Simulation Information Sites
12(1)
1.9.4 Engineering Magazines with SPICE Articles
12(1)
Suggested Reading
13(2)
Chapter 2 Circuit Descriptions
15(42)
2.1 Introduction
15(1)
2.2 Input Files
16(1)
2.3 Nodes
17(1)
2.4 Element Values
17(1)
2.5 Circuit Elements
18(3)
2.6 Element Models
21(1)
2.7 Sources
21(1)
2.8 Output Variables
22(1)
2.9 Types of Analysis
23(1)
2.10 PSpice Output Commands
24(4)
2.11 Format of Circuit Files
28(1)
2.12 Format of Output Files
29(1)
2.13 Examples of PSpice Simulations
30(13)
2.13.1 Pulse and Step Responses of RLC Circuits
30(7)
2.13.2 Sinusoidal and Frequency Responses of RLC Circuits
37(6)
2.14 PSpice Schematics
43(5)
2.14.1 PSpice Schematics Layout
43(1)
2.14.2 PSpice A/D
44(1)
2.14.3 Probe
44(1)
2.14.4 OrCAD Capture
44(4)
2.15 Importing Microsim Schematics in OrCAD Capture
48(4)
Problems
52(3)
Suggested Reading
55(2)
Chapter 3 Defining Output Variables
57(10)
3.1 Introduction
57(1)
3.2 DC Sweep and Transient Analysis
57(5)
3.2.1 Voltage Output
57(2)
3.2.2 Current Output
59(1)
3.2.3 Power Output
60(2)
3.3 AC Analysis
62(2)
3.3.1 Voltage Output
62(1)
3.3.2 Current Output
63(1)
3.4 Output Markers
64(2)
3.5 Noise Analysis
66(1)
Summary
66(1)
Chapter 4 Voltage and Current Sources
67(34)
4.1 Introduction
67(1)
4.2 Sources Modeling
67(8)
4.2.1 Pulse Source
68(1)
4.2.2 Piecewise Linear Source
69(1)
4.2.3 Sinusoidal Source
70(1)
4.2.4 Exponential Source
71(2)
4.2.5 Single-Frequency Frequency Modulation Source
73(1)
4.2.6 AC Sources
74(1)
4.3 Independent Sources
75(2)
4.3.1 Independent Voltage Source
75(2)
4.3.2 Independent Current Source
77(1)
4.3.3 Schematic Independent Sources
77(1)
4.4 Dependent Sources
77(8)
4.4.1 Polynomial Source
79(2)
4.4.2 Voltage-Controlled Voltage Source
81(1)
4.4.3 Current-Controlled Current Source
82(1)
4.4.4 Voltage-Controlled Current Source
82(2)
4.4.5 Current-Controlled Voltage Source
84(1)
4.4.6 Schematic-Dependent Sources
85(1)
4.5 Behavioral Device Modeling
85(11)
4.5.1 VALUE
87(2)
4.5.2 TABLE
89(2)
4.5.3 LAPLACE
91(3)
4.5.4 FREQ
94(2)
Summary
96(1)
Problems
97(3)
Suggested Reading
100(1)
Chapter 5 Passive Elements
101(40)
5.1 Introduction
101(1)
5.2 Modeling of Elements
101(3)
5.2.1 Some Model Statements
103(1)
5.3 Operating Temperature
104(1)
5.3.1 Some Temperature Statements
104(1)
5.4 RLC Elements
104(8)
5.4.1 Resistor
105(1)
5.4.2 Capacitor
106(2)
5.4.3 Inductor
108(4)
5.5 Magnetic Elements and Transformers
112(11)
5.5.1 Linear Magnetic Circuits
112(5)
5.5.2 Nonlinear Magnetic Circuits
117(6)
5.6 Lossless Transmission Lines
123(1)
5.7 Switches
124(10)
5.7.1 Voltage-Controlled Switch
124(4)
5.7.2 Current-Controlled Switch
128(3)
5.7.3 Time-Dependent Switches
131(3)
Summary
134(1)
Problems
135(4)
Suggested Reading
139(2)
Chapter 6 Dot Commands
141(60)
6.1 Introduction
141(1)
6.2 Models
141(10)
6.2.1 .MODEL (Model)
142(1)
6.2.2 .SUBCKT (Subcircuit)
142(1)
6.2.3 .ENDS (End of Subcircuit)
143(1)
6.2.4 .FUNC (Function)
144(1)
6.2.5 .GLOBAL (Global)
145(1)
6.2.6 .LIB (Library File)
145(1)
6.2.7 .INC (Include File)
146(1)
6.2.8 .PARAM (Parameter)
147(2)
6.2.9 .STEP (Parametric Analysis)
149(2)
6.3 Types of Output
151(7)
6.3.1 .PRINT (Print)
151(1)
6.3.2 .PLOT (Plot)
152(1)
6.3.3 .PROBE (Probe)
153(1)
6.3.4 Probe Output
153(4)
6.3.5 .WIDTH (Width)
157(1)
6.4 Operating Temperature and End of Circuit
158(1)
6.5 Options
158(3)
6.6 DC Analysis
161(12)
6.6.1 .OP (Operating Point)
161(1)
6.6.2 .NODESET (Nodeset)
162(1)
6.6.3 .SENS (Sensitivity Analysis)
162(3)
6.6.4 .TF (Small-Signal Transfer Function)
165(3)
6.6.5 .DC (DC Sweep)
168(5)
6.7 AC Analysis
173(4)
6.8 Noise Analysis
177(3)
6.9 Transient Analysis
180(5)
6.9.1 .IC (Initial Transient Conditions)
181(1)
6.9.2 .TRAN (Transient Analysis)
181(4)
6.10 Fourier Analysis
185(4)
6.11 Monte Carlo Analysis
189(4)
6.12 Sensitivity and Worst-Case Analysis
193(3)
Summary
196(1)
Problems
197(3)
Suggested Reading
200(1)
Chapter 7 Diode Rectifiers
201(38)
7.1 Introduction
201(1)
7.2 Diode Model
201(2)
7.3 Diode Statement
203(1)
7.4 Diode Characteristics
204(2)
7.5 Diode Parameters
206(6)
7.5.1 Modeling Zener Diodes
208(1)
7.5.2 Tabular Data
208(4)
7.6 Diode Rectifiers
212(19)
7.6.1 Examples of Single-Phase Diode Rectifiers
212(12)
7.6.2 Examples of Three-Phase Diode Rectifiers
224(7)
7.7 Laboratory Experiments
231(3)
7.7.1 Experiment DR.1
232(1)
7.7.2 Experiment DR.2
233(1)
7.7.3 Experiment DR.3
233(1)
Summary
234(1)
Design Problems
234(3)
Suggested Reading
237(2)
Chapter 8 DC-DC Converters
239(46)
8.1 Introduction
239(1)
8.2 DC Switch Chopper
239(4)
8.3 BJT SPICE Model
243(4)
8.4 BJT Parameters
247(4)
8.5 Examples of BJT DC-DC Converters
251(9)
8.6 MOSFET Choppers
260(5)
8.7 MOSFET Parameters
265(7)
8.8 Examples of MOSFET DC-DC Converters
272(3)
8.9 IGBT Model
275(1)
8.10 Examples of IGBT DC-DC Converters
276(2)
8.11 Laboratory Experiment
278(3)
8.11.1 Experiment TP.1
279(1)
8.11.2 Experiment TP.2
279(2)
Summary
281(1)
Design Problems
281(2)
Suggested Reading
283(2)
Chapter 9 Pulse Width-Modulated Inverters
285(46)
9.1 Introduction
285(1)
9.2 Voltage-Source Inverters
285(24)
9.2.1 Examples of Single-Phase PWM Inverters
289(8)
9.2.2 Examples of Single-Phase SPWM Inverters
297(2)
9.2.3 Examples of Three-Phase PWM Inverters
299(6)
9.2.4 Examples of Three-Phase SPWM Inverters
305(4)
9.3 Current-Source Inverters
309(5)
9.3.1 Example of Current-Source Inverter
310(4)
9.4 DC Link Inverters
314(5)
9.4.1 Example of DC Link Three-Phase Inverter
314(5)
9.5 Laboratory Experiments
319(7)
9.5.1 Experiment PW.1
320(1)
9.5.2 Experiment PW.2
321(1)
9.5.3 Experiment PW.3
321(1)
9.5.4 Experiment PW.4
322(1)
9.5.5 Experiment PW.5
322(1)
9.5.6 Experiment PW.6
323(1)
9.5.7 Experiment PW.7
324(2)
Summary
326(1)
Design Problems
326(3)
Suggested Reading
329(2)
Chapter 10 Resonant-Pulse Inverters
331(24)
10.1 Introduction
331(1)
10.2 Resonant-Pulse Inverters
331(7)
10.2.1 Examples of Resonant-Pulse Inverters
331(7)
10.3 Zero-Current Switching Converters
338(6)
10.3.1 Examples of Zero-Current Switching Resonant Inverters
339(5)
10.4 Zero-Voltage Switching Converter
344(2)
10.4.1 Examples of Zero-Voltage Switching Converters
344(2)
10.5 Laboratory Experiments
346(5)
10.5.1 Experiment RI.1
346(2)
10.5.2 Experiment RI.2
348(1)
10.5.3 Experiment RI.3
348(1)
10.5.4 Experiment RI.4
349(1)
10.5.5 Experiment RI.5
350(1)
10.5.6 Experiment RI.6
351(1)
Summary
351(1)
Design Problems
352(2)
Suggested Reading
354(1)
Chapter 11 Controlled Rectifiers
355(52)
11.1 Introduction
355(1)
11.2 AC Thyristor Model
355(7)
11.3 Controlled Rectifiers
362(1)
11.4 Examples of Controlled Rectifiers
363(22)
11.4.1 Examples of Single-Phase Controlled Rectifiers
363(10)
11.4.2 Examples of Three-Phase Controlled Rectifiers
373(12)
11.5 Switched Thyristor DC Model
385(1)
11.6 GTO Thyristor Model
386(1)
11.7 Example of Forced-Commutated Rectifiers
386(13)
11.8 Laboratory Experiments
399(3)
11.8.1 Experiment TC.1
399(2)
11.8.2 Experiment TC.2
401(1)
11.8.3 Experiment TC.3
401(1)
Summary
402(1)
Design Problems
403(2)
Suggested Reading
405(2)
Chapter 12 AC Voltage Controllers
407(42)
12.1 Introduction
407(1)
12.2 AC Thyristor Model
407(1)
12.3 Phase-Controlled AC Voltage Controllers
408(1)
12.4 Examples of Phase-Controlled AC Voltage Controllers
408(24)
12.4.1 Examples of Single-Phase AC Voltage Controllers
408(4)
12.4.2 Examples of Three-Phase AC Voltage Controllers
412(17)
12.4.3 Examples of Single-Phase AC Voltage Controllers with an Output Filter
429(3)
12.5 AC Voltage Controllers with PWM Control
432(5)
12.5.1 Example of Single-Phase AC Voltage Controller with PWM Control
433(4)
12.6 Cycloconverters
437(7)
12.6.1 Example of Single-Phase Cycloconverter
439(5)
12.7 Laboratory Experiments
444(2)
12.7.1 Experiment AC.1
444(1)
12.7.2 Experiment AC.2
445(1)
Summary
446(1)
Design Problems
446(1)
Suggested Reading
447(2)
Chapter 13 Control Applications
449(38)
13.1 Introduction
449(1)
13.2 Op-Amp Circuits
449(12)
13.2.1 DC Linear Models
450(1)
13.2.2 AC Linear Models
450(1)
13.2.3 Nonlinear Macromodels
451(2)
13.2.4 Examples of Op-Amp Circuits
453(8)
13.3 Control Systems
461(6)
13.3.1 Examples of Control Circuits
461(6)
13.4 Signal Conditioning Circuits
467(9)
13.4.1 Examples of Signal Conditioning Circuits
468(8)
13.5 Closed-Loop Current Control
476(7)
13.5.1 Examples of Closed-Loop Control
476(7)
Problems
483(2)
Suggested Reading
485(2)
Chapter 14 Characteristics of Electrical Motors
487(14)
14.1 Introduction
487(1)
14.2 DC Motor Characteristics
487(6)
14.2.1 Examples of DC Motor Controlled by DC-DC Converter
488(5)
14.3 Induction Motor Characteristics
493(5)
14.3.1 Examples of Induction Motor Characteristics
494(4)
Problems
498(1)
Suggested Reading
499(2)
Chapter 15 Simulation Errors, Convergence Problems, and Other Difficulties
501(24)
15.1 Introduction
501(1)
15.2 Large Circuits
501(1)
15.3 Running Multiple Circuits
502(1)
15.4 Large Outputs
502(1)
15.5 Long Transient Runs
503(1)
15.6 Convergence
503(5)
15.6.1 DC Sweep
503(4)
15.6.2 Bias-Point Calculation
507(1)
15.6.3 Transient Analysis
508(1)
15.7 Analysis Accuracy
508(1)
15.8 Negative Component Values
509(1)
15.9 Power-Switching Circuits
510(5)
15.9.1 Model Parameters of Diodes and Transistors
510(1)
15.9.2 Error Tolerances
510(1)
15.9.3 Snubbing Resistor
511(1)
15.9.4 Quasi-Steady-State Condition
512(3)
15.10 Floating Nodes
515(3)
15.11 Nodes with Fewer than Two Connections
518(1)
15.12 Voltage Source and Inductor Loops
519(1)
15.13 Running PSpice Files on SPICE
520(1)
15.14 Running SPICE Files on PSpice
520(1)
15.15 Using Earlier Version of Schematics
521(1)
Problems
522(1)
Suggested Reading
523(2)
Index 525
Muhammad H. Rashid is a professor (and past director, 19972007) of electrical and computer engineering at the University of West Florida. Dr. Rashid received his BSc degree in electrical engineering from the Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, and his MSc and PhD degrees from the University of Birmingham in the United Kingdom. He has worked around the world as a professor of electrical engineering Dr. Rashid is actively involved in teaching, researching, and lecturing in power electronics. He has published 17 books and more than 140 technical papers. His books are adopted as textbooks all over the world. In addition, He has been invited by many foreign governments and agencies to give keynote lectures and consulted by foreign universities to serve as an external examiner for undergraduate, masters degree, and PhD examinations, by funding agencies to review research proposals, and by U.S. and foreign universities to evaluate promotion cases for professorship. Among his many awards, Dr. Rashid has received the Outstanding Engineer Award from The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, the IEEE Educational Activity Award (EAB) for Meritorious Achievement Award in Continuing Education, and the IEEE Undergraduate Teaching Award.
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