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Typological Diversity of Morphomes: A Cross-Linguistic Study of Unnatural Morphology [Kõva köide]

(Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Comparative Language Science, University of Zurich)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 318 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 240x164x24 mm, kaal: 680 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 30-Mar-2023
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0192864599
  • ISBN-13: 9780192864598
Teised raamatud teemal:
Typological Diversity of Morphomes: A Cross-Linguistic Study of Unnatural MorphologySuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 318 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 240x164x24 mm, kaal: 680 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 30-Mar-2023
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0192864599
  • ISBN-13: 9780192864598
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9780192864598.html
Märksõnad:
This book is the first typologically-oriented book-length treatment of morphomes, systematic morphological identities, that do not map onto syntactic or semantic natural classes. It outlines the theoretical and empirical challenges and presents a detailed database of 120 morphomes across 79 languages.

This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford Academic and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations.

This is the first typologically-oriented book-length treatment of morphomes, systematic morphological identities, usually within inflectional paradigms, that do not map onto syntactic or semantic natural classes. In the first half of the book, Borja Herce outlines the theoretical and empirical challenges associated with the identification and definition of morphomes, and surveys their links with related notions such as syncretism, homophony, segmentation, and economy, among others. He also presents the different ways in which morphomic structures in a language have been observed to emerge, change, and disappear. The second part of the book contains its core contribution: a database of 120 morphomes across 79 languages from a range of families, which are presented and analysed in detail. A range of findings emerge as a result, including the idiosyncratic nature of morphomes in the Romance languages, the existence of cross-linguistically recurrent unnatural patterns, and the preference for more natural structures even among morphomes. The database also allows further explorations of other issues such as the effect of learnability and communicative efficiency on morphological structures, and the lexical and grammatical informativity of morphs and their distribution.

Arvustused

Herce is exactly right to expand the discussion of morphomes to more languages and language families. Having read many grammars myself, I am amazed that he has managed to read so many, and astounded that he has condensed them in such a brief and insightful manner. * Michael Maxwell, Linguist List *

Preface x
Acknowledgement xi
List of abbreviations
xii
1 Introduction
1(12)
1.1 Initial approximation and goals
1(2)
1.2 History
3(3)
1.3 Terminology
6(3)
1.4 A working definition
9(4)
2 Issues in morphome identification
13(70)
2.1 Systematic vs accidental
13(12)
2.1.1 Assessing systematicity
14(1)
2.1.1.1 Feature conflict resolution
14(1)
2.1.1.2 Co-occurrence restrictions
15(1)
2.1.1.3 Morphosyntactic evidence for systematicity
16(1)
2.1.1.4 Diachronic evidence for systematicity
17(1)
2.1.1.5 Allomorphic or morphophonological evidence for systematicity
18(1)
2.1.2 On the empirical status of homophony and polysemy
19(3)
2.1.2.1 Semantically motivated split
22(2)
2.1.2.2 Formally motivated split
24(1)
2.2 Natural vs unnatural
25(9)
2.3 Maximal domain
34(7)
2.4 Independence from phonology
41(6)
2.5 Stem spaces
47(2)
2.6 Cross-linguistic recurrence
49(2)
2.7 Blocking
51(3)
2.8 Stem vs affix
54(2)
2.9 Segmentability
56(2)
2.10 Morphological zeroes
58(1)
2.11 Economy
59(5)
2.12 Difficult cases
64(11)
2.12.1 The problem of the 1PL
64(2)
2.12.2 Syntactically licensed morphomes
66(3)
2.12.3 Gender or morphome?
69(6)
2.13 What (else) can be morphomic?
75(8)
2.13.1 Syncretism/feature sensitivity
75(2)
2.13.2 Heteroclisis
77(1)
2.13.3 Overabundance and defectiveness
78(2)
2.13.4 Morphomicity in derivation
80(1)
2.13.5 Morphomicity in syntagmatics
81(2)
3 Morphomes in diachrony
83(37)
3.1 The emergence of morphomes
83(22)
3.1.1 Sound change
83(1)
3.1.1.1 Morphological result of sound change
84(3)
3.1.1.2 Paradigmatic locus of sound change
87(1)
3.1.1.3 Zero as a source of morphomes via sound change
88(2)
3.1.2 Semantic drift
90(2)
3.1.3 Analogy
92(1)
3.1.3.1 Morphosyntactically motivated analogy
92(2)
3.1.3.2 Analogy motivated by form
94(2)
3.1.3.3 A note on the motivation of analogy
96(1)
3.1.4 Pattern interactions
97(2)
3.1.5 Grammaticalization
99(3)
3.1.6 Borrowing
102(2)
3.1.7 Mixed origins
104(1)
3.2 Loss and change of morphomic structures
105(8)
3.2.1 Loss of productivity and gradual erosion
106(2)
3.2.2 Loss of morphosyntactic categories
108(1)
3.2.3 Sound change
109(1)
3.2.4 Analogy
110(1)
3.2.4.1 Change into a natural class
110(2)
3.2.4.2 Change into a different unnatural class
112(1)
3.2.5 Mixed causes
113(1)
3.3 Discussion
113(4)
3.4 Conclusion
117(3)
4 Morphomes in synchrony
120(139)
4.1 Criteria for inclusion in the morphome database
120(13)
4.1.1 Unmistakably unnatural paradigmatic distribution
121(3)
4.1.2 Unmistakably systematic formal identity
124(3)
4.1.3 Other requirements
127(2)
4.1.4 Some excluded morphomes
129(4)
4.2 A Cross-linguistic database of morphomes
133(78)
4.2.1 Africa
135(1)
4.2.1.1 Daasanach
135(2)
4.2.1.2 Daju, Mongo
137(1)
4.2.1.3 Fur
138(1)
4.2.1.4 Iraqw
139(1)
4.2.1.5 Karamojong
140(1)
4.2.1.6 Nuer
140(2)
4.2.1.7 Turkana and Toposa
142(1)
4.2.1.8 Twi
143(2)
4.2.1.9 Yorno-So
145(1)
4.2.2 Asia
145(1)
4.2.2.1 Athpariya
145(1)
4.2.2.2 Bantawa
146(3)
4.2.2.3 Burushaski
149(1)
4.2.2.4 Darma
149(1)
4.2.2.5 Jerung
150(1)
4.2.2.6 Ket
150(1)
4.2.2.7 Khaling
151(1)
4.2.2.8 Khinalugh
152(1)
4.2.2.9 Mehri
153(1)
4.2.2.10 Nivkh
154(1)
4.2.2.11 Northern Akhvakh
155(1)
4.2.2.12 Sunwar
155(1)
4.2.2.13 Svan
156(2)
4.2.2.14 Thulung
158(1)
4.2.2.15 Udmurt
159(1)
4.2.3 Europe
160(1)
4.2.3.1 Aragonese
160(1)
4.2.3.2 Basque
161(1)
4.2.3.3 English
162(1)
4.2.3.4 French
163(1)
4.2.3.5 Greek
163(1)
4.2.3.6 Icelandic
164(1)
4.2.3.7 Irish
165(1)
4.2.3.8 Italian and Servigliano
166(1)
4.2.3.9 Luxembourgish
167(1)
4.2.3.10 North Saami
168(1)
4.2.3.11 Pite Saami
169(2)
4.2.3.12 Skolt Saami
171(1)
4.2.3.13 Spanish and Asturian
172(2)
4.2.4 Australasia
174(1)
4.2.4.1 Barai
174(1)
4.2.4.2 Benabena
175(1)
4.2.4.3 Biak
175(1)
4.2.4.4 Burmeso
176(1)
4.2.4.5 Ekari
177(1)
4.2.4.6 Girawa
177(2)
4.2.4.7 Kele
179(1)
4.2.4.8 Koiari
179(1)
4.2.4.9 Kosena
180(1)
4.2.4.10 Maranunggu
181(1)
4.2.4.11 MenggwaDla
182(1)
4.2.4.12 Mian
183(1)
4.2.4.13 Murrinh-Patha
184(1)
4.2.4.14 Ngkolmpu and Nen
185(1)
4.2.4.15 Nimboran
186(2)
4.2.4.16 Sobei
188(1)
4.2.4.17 Vitu
188(1)
4.2.4.18 Vures
188(1)
4.2.4.19 Wubuy
189(2)
4.2.4.20 Wutung
191(2)
4.2.4.21 Yagaria
193(2)
4.2.4.22 Yele
195(1)
4.2.5 America
195(1)
4.2.5.1 Achumawi
195(1)
4.2.5.2 Aguaruna
196(1)
4.2.5.3 Ayoreo
197(1)
4.2.5.4 Bororo
198(1)
4.2.5.5 Chinantec, Lealao
199(1)
4.2.5.6 Chinantec, Palantla
200(1)
4.2.5.7 Jabuti
201(1)
4.2.5.8 Koasati
201(1)
4.2.5.9 Maijiki
202(1)
4.2.5.10 Mazatec
203(1)
4.2.5.11 Me'phaa
203(2)
4.2.5.12 Paez
205(1)
4.2.5.13 Tapiete
205(1)
4.2.5.14 Tol
206(2)
4.2.5.15 Wambisa
208(2)
4.2.5.16 Zapotec, Yatzachi, and Texmelucan
210(1)
4.3 Measuring cross-linguistic variation in morphomes
211(29)
4.3.1 External morphosyntactic constraints
213(2)
4.3.2 Word-form recurrence
215(2)
4.3.3 Paradigmatic recurrence
217(1)
4.3.4 Cross-lexemic recurrence
218(3)
4.3.5 Number of exponents
221(1)
4.3.6 Shared form
222(2)
4.3.7 Informativity
224(2)
4.3.8 Morphosyntactic coherence
226(2)
4.3.9 Morphome paradigm size and others
228(4)
4.3.10 Locus of marking
232(1)
4.3.11 Cross-linguistic morphome recurrence
233(1)
4.3.11.1 Recurrent values
233(4)
4.3.11.2 Recurrent patterns
237(3)
4.4 Statistical analysis
240(9)
4.5 Discussion
249(7)
4.5.1 A naturalness bias in morphomes?
249(3)
4.5.2 The nature of the stem-affix distinction
252(4)
4.6 Conclusion
256(3)
5 Implications: Features and forms
259(8)
5.1 The importance of features
259(4)
5.2 The importance of form
263(4)
6 Conclusions
267(6)
Appendix: Morphome database summary 273(7)
References 280(19)
Language Index 299(3)
Index of topics 302
Borja Herce is a postdoctoral researcher in the Department of Comparative Language Science at the University of Zurich, having previously studied at the University of the Basque Country and the University of Surrey. His main areas of interest include morphological typology, language change, Romance and Otomanguean languages, and quantitative and corpus linguistics approaches to both description and explanation. His latest research revolves around the description, analysis, and learnability of paradigmatic structures of different kinds (morphomic vs morphemic), and the synchronic profile and diachronic trajectories of morphological complexity across the world's languages.