About the Author |
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xiii | |
Preface |
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xv | |
1 Introduction to Structural Vibrations |
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1 | (18) |
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1 | (4) |
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5 | (4) |
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1.3 Objectives of Vibration Analyses |
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9 | (5) |
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1.3.1 Free Vibration Analysis |
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9 | (1) |
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1.3.2 Forced Vibration Analysis |
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10 | (4) |
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1.4 Global and Local Vibrations |
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14 | (2) |
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1.5 Theoretical Approaches to Structural Vibrations |
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16 | (2) |
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18 | (1) |
2 Analytical Solutions for Uniform Continuous Systems |
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19 | (154) |
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2.1 Methods for Obtaining Equations of Motion of a Vibrating System |
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20 | (1) |
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2.2 Vibration of a Stretched String |
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21 | (4) |
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21 | (1) |
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2.2.2 Free Vibration of a Uniform Clamped—Clamped String |
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22 | (3) |
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2.3 Longitudinal Vibration of a Continuous Rod |
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25 | (9) |
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25 | (3) |
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2.3.2 Free Vibration of a Uniform Rod |
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28 | (6) |
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2.4 Torsional Vibration of a Continuous Shaft |
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34 | (7) |
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34 | (2) |
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2.4.2 Free Vibration of a Uniform Shaft |
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36 | (5) |
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2.5 Flexural Vibration of a Continuous Euler—Bernoulli Beam |
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41 | (19) |
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41 | (2) |
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2.5.2 Free Vibration of a Uniform Euler—Bernoulli Beam |
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43 | (11) |
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54 | (6) |
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2.6 Vibration of Axial-Loaded Uniform Euler—Bernoulli Beam |
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60 | (22) |
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60 | (2) |
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2.6.2 Free Vibration of an Axial-Loaded Uniform Beam |
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62 | (7) |
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69 | (3) |
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2.6.4 Critical Buckling Load of a Uniform Euler—Bernoulli Beam |
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72 | (10) |
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2.7 Vibration of an Euler—Bernoulli Beam on the Elastic Foundation |
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82 | (8) |
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2.7.1 Influence of Stiffness Ratio and Total Beam Length |
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86 | (1) |
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2.7.2 Influence of Supporting Conditions of the Beam |
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87 | (3) |
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2.8 Vibration of an Axial-Loaded Euler Beam on the Elastic Foundation |
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90 | (6) |
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90 | (1) |
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2.8.2 Free Vibration of a Uniform Beam |
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91 | (2) |
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93 | (3) |
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2.9 Flexural Vibration of a Continuous Timoshenko Beam |
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96 | (11) |
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96 | (2) |
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2.9.2 Free Vibration of a Uniform Timoshenko Beam |
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98 | (7) |
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105 | (2) |
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2.10 Vibrations of a Shear Beam and a Rotary Beam |
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107 | (9) |
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2.10.1 Free Vibration of a Shear Beam |
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107 | (3) |
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2.10.2 Free Vibration of a Rotary Beam |
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110 | (6) |
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2.11 Vibration of an Axial-Loaded Timoshenko Beam |
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116 | (10) |
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2.11.1 Equation of Motion |
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116 | (2) |
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2.11.2 Free Vibration of an Axial-Loaded Uniform Timoshenko Beam |
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118 | (6) |
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124 | (2) |
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2.12 Vibration of a Timoshenko Beam on the Elastic Foundation |
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126 | (8) |
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2.12.1 Equation of Motion |
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126 | (2) |
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2.12.2 Free Vibration of a Uniform Beam on the Elastic Foundation |
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128 | (4) |
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132 | (2) |
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2.13 Vibration of an Axial-Loaded Timoshenko Beam on the Elastic Foundation |
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134 | (8) |
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2.13.1 Equation of Motion |
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134 | (1) |
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2.13.2 Free Vibration of a Uniform Timoshenko Beam |
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135 | (4) |
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139 | (3) |
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2.14 Vibration of Membranes |
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142 | (15) |
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2.14.1 Free Vibration of a Rectangular Membrane |
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142 | (6) |
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2.14.2 Free Vibration of a Circular Membrane |
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148 | (9) |
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2.15 Vibration of Flat Plates |
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157 | (14) |
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2.15.1 Free Vibration of a Rectangular Plate |
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158 | (4) |
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2.15.2 Free Vibration of a Circular Plate |
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162 | (9) |
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171 | (2) |
3 Analytical Solutions for Non-Uniform Continuous Systems: Tapered Beams |
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173 | (72) |
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3.1 Longitudinal Vibration of a Conical Rod |
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173 | (15) |
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3.1.1 Determination of Natural Frequencies and Natural Mode Shapes |
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173 | (7) |
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3.1.2 Determination of Normal Mode Shapes |
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180 | (2) |
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182 | (6) |
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3.2 Torsional Vibration of a Conical Shaft |
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188 | (12) |
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3.2.1 Determination of Natural Frequencies and Natural Mode Shapes |
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188 | (4) |
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3.2.2 Determination of Normal Mode Shapes |
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192 | (2) |
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194 | (6) |
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3.3 Displacement Function for Free Bending Vibration of a Tapered Beam |
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200 | (4) |
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3.4 Bending Vibration of a Single-Tapered Beam |
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204 | (13) |
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3.4.1 Determination of Natural Frequencies and Natural Mode Shapes |
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204 | (6) |
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3.4.2 Determination of Normal Mode Shapes |
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210 | (2) |
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3.4.3 Finite Element Model of a Single-Tapered Beam |
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212 | (1) |
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213 | (4) |
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3.5 Bending Vibration of a Double-Tapered Beam |
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217 | (9) |
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3.5.1 Determination of Natural Frequencies and Natural Mode Shapes |
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217 | (4) |
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3.5.2 Determination of Normal Mode Shapes |
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221 | (1) |
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3.5.3 Finite Element Model of a Double-Tapered Beam |
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222 | (2) |
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224 | (2) |
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3.6 Bending Vibration of a Nonlinearly Tapered Beam |
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226 | (17) |
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3.6.1 Equation of Motion and Boundary Conditions |
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226 | (6) |
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3.6.2 Natural Frequencies and Mode Shapes for Various Supporting Conditions |
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232 | (6) |
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3.6.3 Finite Element Model of a Non-Uniform Beam |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (4) |
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243 | (2) |
4 Transfer Matrix Methods for Discrete and Continuous Systems |
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245 | (110) |
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4.1 Torsional Vibrations of Multi-Degrees-of-Freedom Systems |
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245 | (23) |
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4.1.1 Holzer Method for Torsional Vibrations |
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245 | (12) |
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4.1.2 Transfer Matrix Method for Torsional Vibrations |
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257 | (11) |
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4.2 Lumped-Mass Model Transfer Matrix Method for Flexural Vibrations |
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268 | (36) |
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4.2.1 Transfer Matrices for a Station and a Field |
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269 | (3) |
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4.2.2 Free Vibration of a Flexural Beam |
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272 | (7) |
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4.2.3 Discretization of a Continuous Beam |
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279 | (1) |
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4.2.4 Transfer Matrices for a Timoshenko Beam |
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279 | (2) |
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281 | (10) |
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4.2.6 A Timoshenko Beam Carrying Multiple Various Concentrated Elements |
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291 | (9) |
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4.2.7 Transfer Matrix for Axial-Loaded Euler Beam and Timoshenko Beam |
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300 | (4) |
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4.3 Continuous-Mass Model Transfer Matrix Method for Flexural Vibrations |
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304 | (32) |
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4.3.1 Flexural Vibration of an Euler—Bernoulli Beam |
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304 | (10) |
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4.3.2 Flexural Vibration of a Timoshenko Beam with Axial Load |
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314 | (22) |
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4.4 Flexural Vibrations of Beams with In-Span Rigid (Pinned) Supports |
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336 | (17) |
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4.4.1 Transfer Matrix of a Station Located at an In-Span Rigid (Pinned) Support |
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336 | (4) |
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4.4.2 Natural Frequencies and Mode Shapes of a Multi-Span Beam |
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340 | (8) |
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348 | (5) |
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353 | (2) |
5 Eigenproblem and Jacobi Method |
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355 | (44) |
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355 | (2) |
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5.2 Natural Frequencies, Natural Mode Shapes and Unit-Amplitude Mode Shapes |
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357 | (7) |
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5.3 Determination of Normal Mode Shapes |
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364 | (3) |
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5.3.1 Normal Mode Shapes Obtained From Natural Ones |
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364 | (1) |
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5.3.2 Normal Mode Shapes Obtained From Unit-Amplitude Ones |
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365 | (2) |
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5.4 Solution of Standard Eigenproblem with Standard Jacobi Method |
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367 | (11) |
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5.4.1 Formulation Based on Forward Multiplication |
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368 | (3) |
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5.4.2 Formulation Based on Backward Multiplication |
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371 | (1) |
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5.4.3 Convergence of Iterations |
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372 | (6) |
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5.5 Solution of Generalized Eigenproblem with Generalized Jacobi Method |
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378 | (20) |
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5.5.1 The Standard Jacobi Method |
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378 | (4) |
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5.5.2 The Generalized Jacobi Method |
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382 | (1) |
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5.5.3 Formulation Based on Forward Multiplication |
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382 | (2) |
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5.5.4 Determination of Elements of Rotation Matrix (α and γ) |
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384 | (3) |
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5.5.5 Convergence of Iterations |
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387 | (1) |
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5.5.6 Formulation Based on Backward Multiplication |
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387 | (11) |
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5.6 Solution of Semi-Definite System with Generalized Jacobi Method |
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398 | (1) |
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5.7 Solution of Damped Eigenproblem |
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398 | (1) |
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398 | (1) |
6 Vibration Analysis by Finite Element Method |
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399 | (84) |
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6.1 Equation of Motion and Property Matrices |
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399 | (1) |
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6.2 Longitudinal (Axial) Vibration of a Rod |
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400 | (11) |
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6.3 Property Matrices of a Torsional Shaft |
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411 | (1) |
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6.4 Flexural Vibration of an Euler—Bernoulli Beam |
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412 | (18) |
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6.5 Shape Functions for a Three-Dimensional Timoshenko Beam Element |
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430 | (21) |
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6.5.1 Assumptions for the Formulations |
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430 | (1) |
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6.5.2 Shear Deformations Due to Translational Nodal Displacements V1 and V3 |
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431 | (4) |
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6.5.3 Shear Deformations Due to Rotational Nodal Displacements V2 and V4 |
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435 | (2) |
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6.5.4 Determination of Shape Functions φyi(ξ) (i = 1-4) |
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437 | (3) |
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6.5.5 Determination of Shape Functions φxi(ξ) (i = 1-4) |
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440 | (1) |
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6.5.6 Determination of Shape Functions φzi(ξ) (i = 1-4) |
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441 | (2) |
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6.5.7 Determination of Shape Functions φxi(ξ) (i = 1-4) |
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443 | (2) |
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6.5.8 Shape Functions for a 3D Beam Element |
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445 | (6) |
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6.6 Property Matrices of a Three-Dimensional Timoshenko Beam Element |
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451 | (11) |
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6.6.1 Stiffness Matrix of a 3D Timoshenko Beam Element |
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451 | (7) |
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6.6.2 Mass Matrix of a 3D Timoshenko Beam Element |
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458 | (4) |
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6.7 Transformation Matrix for a Two-Dimensional Beam Element |
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462 | (2) |
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6.8 Transformations of Element Stiffness Matrix and Mass Matrix |
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464 | (1) |
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6.9 Transformation Matrix for a Three-Dimensional Beam Element |
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465 | (4) |
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6.10 Property Matrices of a Beam Element with Concentrated Elements |
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469 | (3) |
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6.11 Property Matrices of Rigid—Pinned and Pinned—Rigid Beam Elements |
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472 | (5) |
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6.11.1 Property Matrices of the R-P Beam Element |
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474 | (2) |
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6.11.2 Property Matrices of the P-R Beam Element |
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476 | (1) |
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6.12 Geometric Stiffness Matrix of a Beam Element Due to Axial Load |
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477 | (3) |
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6.13 Stiffness Matrix of a Beam Element Due to Elastic Foundation |
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480 | (2) |
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482 | (1) |
7 Analytical Methods and Finite Element Method for Free Vibration Analyses of Circularly Curved Beams |
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483 | (126) |
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7.1 Analytical Solution for Out-of-Plane Vibration of a Curved Euler Beam |
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483 | (20) |
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7.1.1 Differential Equations for Displacement Functions |
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484 | (1) |
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7.1.2 Determination of Displacement Functions |
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485 | (5) |
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7.1.3 Internal Forces and Moments |
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490 | (1) |
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7.1.4 Equilibrium and Continuity Conditions |
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491 | (2) |
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7.1.5 Determination of Natural Frequencies and Mode Shapes |
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493 | (2) |
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7.1.6 Classical and Non-Classical Boundary Conditions |
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495 | (2) |
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497 | (6) |
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7.2 Analytical Solution for Out-of-Plane Vibration of a Curved Timoshenko Beam |
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503 | (18) |
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7.2.1 Coupled Equations of Motion and Boundary Conditions |
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503 | (4) |
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7.2.2 Uncoupled Equation of Motion for uy |
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507 | (1) |
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7.2.3 The Relationships Between ψx, ψθ and uy |
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508 | (1) |
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7.2.4 Determination of Displacement Functions Uy(θ), ψx(θ) and ψθ(θ) |
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509 | (3) |
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7.2.5 Internal Forces and Moments |
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512 | (1) |
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7.2.6 Classical Boundary Conditions |
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513 | (2) |
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7.2.7 Equilibrium and Compatibility Conditions |
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515 | (3) |
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7.2.8 Determination of Natural Frequencies and Mode Shapes |
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518 | (2) |
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520 | (1) |
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7.3 Analytical Solution for In-Plane Vibration of a Curved Euler Beam |
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521 | (26) |
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7.3.1 Differential Equations for Displacement Functions |
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521 | (6) |
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7.3.2 Determination of Displacement Functions |
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527 | (2) |
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7.3.3 Internal Forces and Moments |
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529 | (1) |
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7.3.4 Continuity and Equilibrium Conditions |
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530 | (3) |
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7.3.5 Determination of Natural Frequencies and Mode Shapes |
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533 | (3) |
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7.3.6 Classical Boundary Conditions |
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536 | (1) |
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7.3.7 Mode Shapes Obtained From Finite Element Method and Analytical (Exact) Method |
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537 | (2) |
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539 | (8) |
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7.4 Analytical Solution for In-Plane Vibration of a Curved Timoshenko Beam |
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547 | (17) |
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7.4.1 Differential Equations for Displacement Functions |
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547 | (5) |
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7.4.2 Determination of Displacement Functions |
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552 | (1) |
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7.4.3 Internal Forces and Moments |
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553 | (1) |
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7.4.4 Equilibrium and Compatibility Conditions |
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554 | (4) |
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7.4.5 Determination of Natural Frequencies and Mode Shapes |
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558 | (2) |
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7.4.6 Classical and Non-Classical Boundary Conditions |
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560 | (2) |
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562 | (2) |
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7.5 Out-of-Plane Vibration of a Curved Beam by Finite Element Method with Curved Beam Elements |
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564 | (14) |
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7.5.1 Displacement Functions and Shape Functions |
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565 | (8) |
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7.5.2 Stiffness Matrix for Curved Beam Element |
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573 | (2) |
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7.5.3 Mass Matrix for Curved Beam Element |
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575 | (1) |
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576 | (2) |
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7.6 In-Plane Vibration of a Curved Beam by Finite Element Method with Curved Beam Elements |
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578 | (17) |
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7.6.1 Displacement Functions |
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578 | (8) |
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7.6.2 Element Stiffness Matrix |
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586 | (1) |
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7.6.3 Element Mass Matrix |
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587 | (2) |
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7.6.4 Boundary Conditions of the Curved and Straight Finite Element Methods |
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589 | (1) |
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590 | (5) |
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7.7 Finite Element Method with Straight Beam Elements for Out-of-Plane Vibration of a Curved Beam |
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595 | (6) |
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7.7.1 Property Matrices of Straight Beam Element for Out-of-Plane Vibrations |
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596 | (3) |
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7.7.2 Transformation Matrix for Out-of-Plane Straight Beam Element |
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599 | (2) |
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7.8 Finite Element Method with Straight Beam Elements for In-Plane Vibration of a Curved Beam |
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601 | (5) |
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7.8.1 Property Matrices of Straight Beam Element for In-Plane Vibrations |
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602 | (3) |
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7.8.2 Transformation Matrix for the In-Plane Straight Beam Element |
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605 | (1) |
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606 | (3) |
8 Solution for the Equations of Motion |
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609 | (68) |
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8.1 Free Vibration Response of an SDOF System |
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609 | (3) |
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8.2 Response of an Undamped SDOF System Due to Arbitrary Loading |
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612 | (2) |
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8.3 Response of a Damped SDOF System Due to Arbitrary Loading |
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614 | (1) |
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8.4 Numerical Method for the Duhamel Integral |
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615 | (18) |
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8.4.1 General Summation Techniques |
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615 | (14) |
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8.4.2 The Linear Loading Method |
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629 | (4) |
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8.5 Exact Solution for the Duhamel Integral |
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633 | (3) |
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8.6 Exact Solution for a Damped SDOF System Using the Classical Method |
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636 | (3) |
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8.7 Exact Solution for an Undamped SDOF System Using the Classical Method |
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639 | (3) |
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8.8 Approximate Solution for an SDOF Damped System by the Central Difference Method |
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642 | (3) |
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8.9 Solution for the Equations of Motion of an MDOF System |
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645 | (14) |
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8.9.1 Direct Integration Methods |
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645 | (4) |
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8.9.2 The Mode Superposition Method |
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649 | (10) |
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8.10 Determination of Forced Vibration Response Amplitudes |
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659 | (9) |
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8.10.1 Total and Steady Response Amplitudes of an SDOF System |
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660 | (2) |
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8.10.2 Determination of Steady Response Amplitudes of an MDOF System |
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662 | (6) |
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8.11 Numerical Examples for Forced Vibration Response Amplitudes |
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668 | (7) |
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8.11.1 Frequency-Response Curves of an SDOF System |
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668 | (2) |
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8.11.2 Frequency-Response Curves of an MDOF System |
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670 | (5) |
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675 | (2) |
Appendices |
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677 | (18) |
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677 | (3) |
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A.2 Theory of Modified Half-Interval (or Bisection) Method |
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680 | (1) |
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A.3 Determinations of Influence Coefficients |
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681 | (4) |
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A.3.1 Determination of Influence Coefficients aiYM and aiψM |
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681 | (2) |
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A.3.2 Determination of Influence Coefficients aiYQ and aiψQ |
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683 | (2) |
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A.4 Exact Solution of a Cubic Equation |
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685 | (1) |
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A.5 Solution of a Cubic Equation Associated with Its Complex Roots |
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686 | (1) |
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A.6 Coefficients of Matrix [ H] Defined by Equation (7.387) |
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687 | (2) |
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A.7 Coefficients of Matrix [ H] Defined by Equation (7.439) |
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689 | (2) |
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A.8 Exact Solution for a Simply Supported Euler Arch |
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691 | (2) |
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693 | (2) |
Index |
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695 | |