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E-raamat: Analytical Sociology - Actions and Networks: Actions and Networks [Wiley Online]

Edited by (GEMASS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and University of ParisSorbonne, France)
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Analytical Sociology - Actions and Networks: Actions and NetworksSuurem pilt
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Raamatu kodulehekülg: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781118762707
Demonstrates the power of the theoretical framework of analytical sociology in explaining a large array of social phenomena

Analytical Sociology: Actions and Networks presents the most advanced theoretical discussion of analytical sociology, along with a unique set of examples on mechanism- based sociology. Leading scholars apply the theoretical principles of analytical sociology to understand how puzzling social and historical phenomena including crime, lynching, witch-hunts, tax behaviours, Web-based social movement and communication, restaurant reputation, job search and careers, social network homophily and instability, cooperation and trust are brought about by complex, multi-layered social mechanisms.  The analyses presented in this book rely on a wide range of methods which include qualitative observations, advanced statistical techniques, complex network tools, refined simulation methods and creative experimental protocols. This book ultimately demonstrates that sociology, like any other science, is at its best when it dissects the mechanisms at work by means of rigorous model building and testing.        

Analytical Sociology:

 Provides the most complete and up-to-date theoretical treatment of analytical sociology.  Looks at a wide range of complex social phenomena within a single and unitary theoretical framework.  Explores a variety of advanced methods to build and test theoretical models.  Examines how both computational modelling and experiments can be used to study the complex relation between norms, networks and social actions.  Brings together research from leading global experts in the field in order to present a unique set of examples on mechanism-based sociology.

Advanced graduate students and researchers working in sociology, methodology of social sciences, statistics, social networks analysis and computer simulation will benefit from this book.

 
Preface and Acknowledgments xiii
About the Editor xv
List of Contributors
xvii
Introduction 1(1)
Editor's Introduction to
Chapter 1		 2(2)
1 Data, Generative Models, and Mechanisms: More on the Principles of Analytical Sociology
4(49)
Gianluca Manzo
1.1 Introduction
4(3)
1.2 The Principles of Analytical Sociology
7(3)
1.3 Clarity (P1)
10(2)
1.4 Description (P2)
12(2)
1.5 Generative Models (P3)
14(3)
1.6 Structural Methodological Individualism (P4a)
17(4)
1.7 Logics of Action (P4b)
21(6)
1.8 Structural Interdependency (P4c)
27(2)
1.9 Agent-Based Modeling (P5)
29(6)
1.10 Back to Data (P6 and P7)
35(2)
1.11 Concluding Remarks
37(3)
1.12 How to Read this Book
40(13)
References
41(11)
Further Reading
52(1)
Part I ACTIONS
53(180)
Foundational Issues
54(1)
Editor's Introduction to
Chapter 2
55(2)
2 Analytical Sociology and Rational-Choice Theory
57(17)
Peter Hedstrom
Petri Ylikoski
2.1 Rational-Choice Theory
58(1)
2.2 Sociological Rational-Choice Theory
59(1)
2.3 Analytical Sociology as a Meta-Theory
60(1)
2.4 The Key Ideas of Analytical Sociology
61(3)
2.4.1 Mechanism-Based Explanation
61(1)
2.4.2 Realism
62(1)
2.4.3 Theories of Middle Range
63(1)
2.4.4 Theory of Action
64(1)
2.5 The Puzzle
64(1)
2.6 The Assumed Special Role of RCT
65(2)
2.7 Conclusion
67(7)
References
69(1)
Further Reading
70(1)
Crime and Voting
71(1)
Editor's Introduction to
Chapter 3
72(2)
3 Why Crime Happens: A Situational Action Theory
74(23)
Per-Olof H. Wikstrom
3.1 Situational Action Theory
75(1)
3.2 Explaining Crime
76(1)
3.3 The Situational Model
77(1)
3.4 The Situational Process
78(4)
3.4.1 Motivation
79(1)
3.4.2 Perception of Action Alternatives: The Moral Filter
80(1)
3.4.3 The Process of Choice: Habits and Deliberation
80(2)
3.4.4 Controls: Self-Control and Deterrence
82(1)
3.5 The Social Model
82(2)
3.6 Integrating the Social and Situational Models
84(1)
3.7 Testing SAT
85(5)
3.7.1 The Peterborough Adolescent and Young Adult Development Study
85(1)
3.7.2 Measuring Crime, Crime Propensity and Criminogenic Exposure
86(1)
3.7.3 Crime Involvement by Crime Propensity and Criminogenic Exposure
87(1)
3.7.4 The Impact of Criminogenic Exposure on Crime for Groups with Different Levels of Crime Propensity
88(2)
3.8 Explaining Crime Concentrations (Hot Spots)
90(2)
3.9 Coda
92(5)
References
92(2)
Further Reading
94(1)
Editor's Introduction to
Chapter 4
95(2)
4 Frames, Scripts, and Variable Rationality: An Integrative Theory of Action
97(30)
Clemens Kroneberg
4.1 Introduction
97(2)
4.2 The Model of Frame Selection (MFS)
99(7)
4.2.1 Frames, Scripts, and Actions
99(1)
4.2.2 Dual-processes: Spontaneous vs. Reflected Modes of Selection
100(4)
4.2.3 The Determinants of Variable Rationality
104(2)
4.3 Hypotheses and Previous Applications
106(2)
4.4 An Exemplary Application Using Survey Data: Explaining Voter Participation
108(7)
4.4.1 Theory
108(4)
4.4.2 Data and Measures
112(1)
4.4.3 Results
113(2)
4.5 Applying the MFS to Study Social Dynamics
115(3)
4.5.1 The MFS and the Study of Social Movements and Collective Action
116(1)
4.5.2 Strategic Interaction with Variable Rationality and Framing
117(1)
4.6 Conclusion
118(9)
References
119(4)
Further Reading
123(1)
Historical Violence
124(1)
Editor's Introduction to
Chapter 5
125(2)
5 Analytical Sociology and Quantitative Narrative Analysis: Explaining Lynchings in Georgia (1875--1930)
127(24)
Roberto Franzosi
5.1 Strange Fruits on Southern Trees
127(1)
5.2 Analytical Sociology
128(1)
5.3 Quantitative Narrative Analysis (QNA)
129(10)
5.3.1 Step 1: Story Grammars
130(2)
5.3.2 Step 2: PC-ACE (Program for Computer-Assisted Coding of Events)
132(2)
5.3.3 Step 3: Data Analysis: Actor-Centered vs. Variable-Centered Tools of Analysis
134(5)
5.4 Of Sequences
139(3)
5.5 Of Time and Space
142(2)
5.6 Conclusions
144(7)
Acknowledgments
146(1)
References
146(1)
Further Reading
147(2)
Editor's Introduction to
Chapter 6
149(2)
6 Identity and Opportunity in Early Modern Politics: How Job Vacancies Induced Witch Persecutions in Scotland, 1563--1736
151(21)
Anna Mitschele
6.1 Introduction
151(2)
6.2 Theories about Witches and Research on State Making
153(2)
6.3 Towards a Theory of Persecution
155(2)
6.3.1 Communities
156(1)
6.3.2 Elite Social Structure and Government
157(1)
6.4 Witch-Hunting in Scotland
157(2)
6.5 Findings
159(5)
6.5.1 Prosecution as Career Device I: Waves of Witch-Hunting and their Historical Correlates
159(2)
6.5.2 Prosecution as Career Device II: Witch-Hunters Become Justices of the Peace
161(1)
6.5.3 Competing Explanations I: The Godly State Ideology
162(1)
6.5.4 Competing Explanations II: Witches as Scapegoats for Disaster
163(1)
6.6 Discussion
164(8)
Acknowledgements
165(1)
References
165(3)
Further Reading
168(1)
Trust and Cooperation
169(1)
Editor's Introduction to
Chapter 7
170(2)
7 Mechanisms of Cooperation
172(29)
Davide Barrera
7.1 Introduction
172(2)
7.2 Cooperation Problems in Dyadic Settings
174(7)
7.2.1 Models of Trust Problem
175(3)
7.2.2 Cooperation Mechanisms in Embedded Settings
178(1)
7.2.3 Empirical Research on Trust in Embedded Settings
179(1)
7.2.4 Dyadic Embeddedness
180(1)
7.2.5 Network Embeddedness
180(1)
7.3 Cooperation Problems Involving More than Two Actors
181(6)
7.3.1 Reciprocity and Non-Standard Utility Models
183(1)
7.3.2 Empirical Evidence on Heterogeneous Preferences
184(3)
7.4 Discussion and Concluding Remarks
187(14)
References
190(4)
Further Reading
194(2)
Editor's Introduction to
Chapter 8
196(2)
Baldassarri's Preface to
Chapter 8
198(3)
8 The Impact of Elections on Cooperation: Evidence from a Lab-in-the-Field Experiment in Uganda
201(32)
Guy Grossman
Delia Baldassarri
8.1 Theoretical Framework and Hypotheses
203(3)
8.2 Research Site, Sampling, and Experimental Design
206(1)
8.3 Research Site
207(1)
8.4 Sampling and Data Collection
208(1)
8.5 Experimental Design
208(2)
8.6 Experimental Findings
210(4)
8.7 Monitors' Sanctioning Behavior
214(2)
8.8 Discussion of the Experimental Part
216(1)
8.9 Observational Data
217(2)
8.10 Comparing Behavior in the Experiment and Real Life
219(2)
8.11 Conclusion
221(12)
Supporting Information
223(1)
Appendix 8.A
224(4)
Acknowledgments
228(1)
References
228(4)
Further Reading
232(1)
Part II NETWORKS
233(186)
Collective Action
234(1)
Editor's Introduction to
Chapter 9
235(2)
9 Social Networks and Agent-Based Modelling
237(26)
Meredith Rolfe
9.1 Social Network Properties
238(5)
9.1.1 Surveys of Personal Networks
239(4)
9.2 Network Construction Techniques
243(3)
9.2.1 Global Reference or Full Information
243(1)
9.2.2 Random Graph Local Networks
243(1)
9.2.3 Two-Dimensional Lattices or Grid-Based Networks
244(1)
9.2.4 One-Dimensional Lattice or Small-World Method
245(1)
9.2.5 Biased or Structured Random Networks
245(1)
9.3 Networks as Pipes: A Basic Demonstration
246(10)
9.3.1 Global Networks and Group Size
248(3)
9.3.2 Results with Network Construction Methods
251(5)
9.4 Discussion
256(7)
References
257(3)
Further Reading
260(1)
Editor's Introduction to
Chapter 10
261(2)
10 Online Networks and the Diffusion of Protest
263(19)
Sandra Gonzalez-Bailon
Javier Borge-Holthoefer
Yamir Moreno
10.1 Diffusion Dynamics
264(4)
10.1.1 Models of Diffusion
264(2)
10.1.2 Case Study
266(2)
10.2 Thresholds and Critical Mass
268(3)
10.3 Networks and Social Influence
271(4)
10.4 Conclusion: Digital Data and Analytical Sociology
275(7)
References
276(2)
Further Reading
278(1)
Homophily and Status Hierarchies
279(1)
Editor's Introduction to
Chapter 11
280(2)
11 Liability to Rupture: Multiple Mechanisms and Subgroup Formation. An Exploratory Theoretical Study
282(17)
Peter Abell
11.1 Introduction
282(1)
11.2 A Formal Framework
283(1)
11.3 Balance Theory
284(3)
11.4 Homophily (H-theory)
287(1)
11.5 Baseline Structures
288(1)
11.6 Developing a Dynamic Mechanism for Balance Theory
289(2)
11.7 Developing a Dynamic Mechanism for H-theory
291(2)
11.8 The Dynamic Interaction of Balance and H-theories
293(1)
11.9 Conclusions
294(5)
Appendix 11.A Micro--Macro Inferences and Scale
294(1)
References
295(1)
Further Reading
296(1)
Editor's Introduction to
Chapter 12
297(2)
12 Network Size and Network Homophily: Same-Sex Friendships in 595 Scandinavian Schools
299(18)
Thomas Grund
12.1 Introduction
299(2)
12.2 Theoretical Considerations
301(7)
12.2.1 Biased Urn Model Without Replacement for Network Formation
301(4)
12.2.2 Role of Group Size for Homophily
305(3)
12.3 Empirical Application: Same-Sex Ties in School Classes
308(2)
12.3.1 Hypotheses
308(1)
12.3.2 Data and Method
309(1)
12.4 Results
310(2)
12.5 Conclusion
312(5)
References
313(1)
Further Reading
314(1)
Editor's Introduction to
Chapter 13
315(2)
13 Status and Participation in Online Task Groups: An Agent-Based Model
317(25)
Simone Gabbriellini
13.1 Introduction
317(2)
13.2 Previous Models
319(2)
13.3 E-state Structuralism: A Very Brief Review with an Add-On
321(3)
13.4 Case Study: Strategies and Discussions in Massively Multi-Player Online Games
324(2)
13.5 Analysis of the Model
326(5)
13.6 Empirical Test/Validation of the Model
331(5)
13.7 Conclusions
336(6)
References
337(1)
Further Reading
338(1)
Labour Market Inequality
339(1)
Editor's Introduction to
Chapter 14
340(2)
14 Turbulent Careers: Social Networks, Employer Hiring Preferences, and Job Instability
342(31)
Christine Fountain
Katherine Stovel
14.1 Introduction
342(1)
14.2 Background
343(3)
14.2.1 The Rise of Turbulence in Individual Employment Trajectories
343(1)
14.2.2 Inequality in Insecurity
344(2)
14.3 Networks
346(3)
14.3.1 Network Structure and Inequality in Information
346(2)
14.3.2 Our Approach
348(1)
14.4 Methods
349(6)
14.4.1 The Simulation Environment
349(1)
14.4.2 Implementation
350(3)
14.4.3 Experimental Structure
353(2)
14.5 Results
355(7)
14.6 Summary and Conclusions
362(11)
Technical Appendix 14.A Detailed Description of jobMatch Simulation Model
364(3)
Acknowledgments
367(1)
References
367(3)
Further Reading
370(1)
Editor's Introduction to
Chapter 15
371(2)
15 Employer Networks, Priming, and Discrimination in Hiring: An Experiment
373(27)
Karoly Takacs
Flaminio Squazzoni
Giangiacomo Bravo
Marco Castellani
15.1 Introduction
373(3)
15.2 Method
376(3)
15.2.1 Experimental Design
376(2)
15.2.2 Manipulations
378(1)
15.2.3 Subjects
378(1)
15.3 Results
379(12)
15.3.1 Index Values
379(3)
15.3.2 Hierarchical Models
382(3)
15.3.3 From Traditional Testing Toward Finding Indicators for Mechanisms
385(6)
15.4 Discussion
391(9)
Acknowledgments
393(1)
References
393(3)
Further Reading
396(1)
Organization Similarity
397(1)
Editor's Introduction to
Chapter 16
398(2)
16 The Duality of Organizations and Audiences
400(19)
Balazs Kovacs
16.1 Introduction
400(1)
16.2 Similarity and the Duality of Organizations and their Audiences
401(2)
16.3 Organizational Similarity, Audiences, and Arguments for Extending Structural Equivalence
403(3)
16.4 A Representation for Dual Similarity of Organizations and their Audiences
406(1)
16.5 Empirical Illustration: The Duality of Restaurants and their Reviewers
407(1)
16.6 Similarity as a Basis for Prediction: Validating the Model
408(4)
16.7 Discussion, Implications, and Limitations
412(3)
16.8 Connections to Analytical Sociology
415(4)
References
415(3)
Further Reading
418(1)
Coda
419(8)
Problem Shift in Sociology: Mechanisms, Generic Instruments, and Fractals
420(7)
Gianluca Manzo
Index 427
Editor: Gianluca Manzo GEMASS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and University of ParisSorbonne, France
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