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E-raamat: Antioxidants and Reactive Oxygen Species in Plants [Wiley Online]

Edited by (Department of Biological Sciences, University of Exeter)
  • Formaat: 320 pages
  • Sari: Biological Sciences Series
  • Ilmumisaeg: 27-Jun-2005
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-Blackwell
  • ISBN-10: 470988568
  • ISBN-13: 9780470988565
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Wiley Online
  • Hind: 313,97 €*
  • * hind, mis tagab piiramatu üheaegsete kasutajate arvuga ligipääsu piiramatuks ajaks
  • Formaat: 320 pages
  • Sari: Biological Sciences Series
  • Ilmumisaeg: 27-Jun-2005
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-Blackwell
  • ISBN-10: 470988568
  • ISBN-13: 9780470988565
Teised raamatud teemal:
Biological and environmental scientists, most European, look at new developments regarding species of reactive oxygen in plants, which are produced during the interaction of metabolism with oxygen and have the potential to cause oxidative damage by reacting with biomolecules. In addition to focusing on some particular species, they consider general topics such as reactive oxygen species as signaling molecules, their role in plant development and pathogen defense, cell walls, and photosynthesis. Annotation ©2006 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced during the interaction of metabolism with oxygen. As ROS have the potential to cause oxidative damage by reacting with biomolecules, research on ROS has concentrated on the oxidative damage that results from exposure to environmental stresses and on the role of ROS in defence against pathogens. However, more recently, it has become apparent that ROS also have important roles as signalling molecules. A complex network of enzymatic and small molecule antioxidants controls the concentration of ROS and repairs oxidative damage, and research is revealing the complex and subtle interplay between ROS and antioxidants in controlling plant growth, development and response to the environment.

This book covers these new developments, generally focussing on molecular and biochemical details and providing a point of entry to the detailed literature. It is directed at researchers and professionals in plant molecular biology, biochemistry and cell biology, in both the academic and industrial sectors.
Contributors xi
Preface xiii
Glutathione
1(24)
Christine H. Foyer
Leonardo D. Gomez
Philippus D.R. Van Heerden
Introduction
1(1)
The glutathione redox couple and cellular redox potential
2(1)
Glutathione metabolism
2(3)
Biosynthesis and inhibition by L-buthionine-SR-sulphoximine
5(4)
Glutathione and the cell cycle
9(1)
Glutathione in leaves and its relationship to chilling tolerance
10(2)
Glutathione and homoglutathione in the regulation of root and root nodule development
12(3)
Transport and transporters
15(1)
Glutathione and signalling
16(2)
Conclusions and perspectives
18(7)
Plant thiol enzymes and thiol homeostasis in relation to thiol-dependent redox regulation and oxidative stress
25(28)
Karl-Josef Dietz
Introduction: plant sulfur and thiol contents
25(1)
The redox potential and its relation to the redox proteome
26(2)
Oxidation of thiol groups
28(1)
C-X-X-C and C-X-X-S motifs in redox proteins
29(1)
The principle reactions that maintain thiol-redox homeostasis
30(2)
Enzymes involved in thiol--disulfide interconversion
32(4)
Thioredoxins
32(1)
Glutaredoxins
33(2)
Omega and lambda-GSTs
35(1)
Protein disulfide isomerases
35(1)
Peroxiredoxins, thiol/disulfide proteins in antioxidant defence
36(5)
1-Cys Prx
37(1)
2-Cys Prx
37(2)
Prx Q
39(1)
Type II Prx
40(1)
The thiol proteome of plants
41(1)
Thiol homeostasis in subcellular compartments
42(2)
Thiol-dependent redox regulation of gene expression
44(2)
Linking thiol regulation to metabolic and developmental pathways
46(1)
Outlook
47(6)
Ascorbate, tocopherol and carotenoids: metabolism, pathway engineering and functions
53(34)
Nicholas Smirnoff
Introduction
53(1)
Ascorbate
53(14)
Distribution and subcellular localisation
53(1)
Ascorbate biosynthesis
54(4)
Ascorbate recycling
58(2)
Ascorbate and dehydroascorbate transport across membranes
60(1)
Enzymes involved in ascorbate oxidation
60(1)
Ascorbate catabolism
61(1)
Control of ascorbate synthesis and metabolic engineering
61(1)
The functions of ascorbate
62(5)
Vitamin E: tocopherols and tocotrienols
67(8)
Isoprenoid antioxidants
67(1)
Structure and antioxidant activity of tocopherols and tocotrienols
68(2)
Functions of tocopherol
70(3)
Biosynthesis of tocopherols and tocotrienols
73(1)
Control and engineering of tocopherol and tocotrienol biosynthesis
74(1)
Carotenoids
75(12)
Carotenoids as antioxidants
75(3)
Carotenoid biosynthesis and metabolic engineering
78(9)
Ascorbate peroxidase
87(14)
Ron Mittler
Thomas L. Poulos
Enzymatic removal of hydrogen peroxide in plants
87(3)
Functional analysis of APX
90(2)
APX structure
92(2)
Overall structure
92(1)
Active site structure
93(1)
Substrate binding
94(1)
Evolution of APXs
94(2)
Summary
96(5)
Catalases in plants: molecular and functional properties and role in stress defence
101(40)
Jurgen Feierabend
Introduction
101(1)
Biochemistry and molecular structure of catalases
102(6)
Types of catalases
102(1)
Molecular structure
103(3)
Mechanism of the catalytic reaction and kinetic properties
106(2)
Occurrence and properties of plant catalases
108(6)
Sources of H2O2 production in plant cells
108(1)
Occurrence and subcellular localization of plant catalases
109(1)
Properties of plant catalases
110(1)
Multiple forms, gene families and gene evolution
111(3)
Biogenesis and control of expression
114(5)
Biosynthesis and import into peroxisomes
114(2)
Control of expression of catalase
116(3)
Photoinactivation and regulation of turnover
119(7)
Physiological significance and role in stress defence
126(15)
Responses to deficiencies or overexpression of catalase
126(2)
Low- and high-temperature stress
128(2)
Salinity stress
130(1)
Pathogen defence
130(11)
Phenolics as antioxidants
141(28)
Stephen C. Grace
Introduction
141(1)
Biosynthetic aspects of phenolic metabolism
142(1)
Stress-induced phenylpropanoid metabolism
143(8)
High light
144(2)
UV radiation
146(1)
Low temperatures
147(2)
Pathogens
149(2)
Ozone
151(1)
Antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds
151(5)
Biological targets of phenolic antioxidants
156(1)
Prooxidant properties of phenolic compounds
157(1)
Anti-herbivore properties of phenolics
158(1)
Conclusions
159(10)
Reactive oxygen species as signalling molecules
169(28)
Radhika Desikan
John Hancock
Steven Neill
Introduction
169(3)
ROS chemistry
172(2)
ROS signalling
174(5)
Specificity of ROS
174(1)
Perception and direct effects of ROS
175(4)
Regulators of ROS signalling
179(5)
ROS, calcium and ion channels
179(1)
Reversible protein phosphorylation
180(2)
ROS regulation of gene expression
182(2)
Regulation of ROS production
184(3)
ROS removal
187(1)
Cross-talk with other signalling molecules/pathways
187(3)
Systemic signalling
190(1)
Conclusion
191(6)
Reactive oxygen species in plant development and pathogen defence
197(18)
Mark A. Jones
Nicholas Smirnoff
Introduction
197(1)
The roles of ROS in plant development
197(3)
NADPH oxidase and ROS in plant cell morphogenesis
200(3)
NADPH oxidases in polarised plant cells
200(1)
NADPH-oxidase-mediated effects on gene expression
200(2)
The regulatory effect of ROS on calcium channels
202(1)
The role of calcium in regulating plant NOXs
202(1)
The role of ROP GTPases in regulating plant NOXs
203(1)
Programmed cell death and senescence
203(4)
ROS and antioxidants in response to pathogens and wounding
207(8)
Reactive oxygen species in cell walls
215(35)
Robert A.M. Vreeburg
Stephen C. Fry
The cell wall and the apoplast
215(1)
Reactive oxygen species
216(1)
H2O2 in plant cell walls
217(6)
Evidence for the presence of H2O2 in the wall/apoplast of the living plant cell
217(1)
External and internal factors that trigger apoplastic H2O2 formation
217(2)
Proposed roles for apoplastic H2O2 in vivo
219(2)
Proposed mechanisms of H2O2 formation
221(2)
O-2 and HO2 in plant cell walls
223(5)
Properties of O-2 and HO2
223(1)
Detection of O-2
224(1)
Formation of O-2 in plant cell walls
225(1)
Role of O-2 in plant cell walls
226(1)
Regulation of O-2 production in plant cell walls
227(1)
Lifetime and fate of O2 in plant cell walls
228(1)
OH in plant cell walls
228(15)
Properties of OH
228(1)
Proposed mechanisms of apoplastic OH formation
229(2)
Evidence for presence of 'OH in the wall/apoplast of the living plant cell
231(5)
Factors that trigger formation of apoplastic 'OH
236(1)
Proposed roles for apoplastic 'OH in vivo
237(3)
Chemical effects and fate of 'OH in the apoplast
240(3)
Concluding remarks
243(7)
Reactive oxygen species and photosynthesis
250(18)
Barry A. Logan
Introduction
250(1)
Light absorption and allocation
250(5)
Triplet-chlorophyll mediated singlet O2 formation
250(1)
Thermal energy dissipation
251(2)
Acclimation of the light harvesting complex to the environment
253(2)
Singlet O2 generation at photosystem II
255(1)
Electron transport and O2 photoreduction
256(4)
The water--water cycle
256(2)
The extent of O2 photoreduction
258(1)
O2 metabolism and the regulation of PSII excitation pressure
259(1)
Acclimation of the water--water cycle to the environment
259(1)
Linkages between photosynthesis and extrachloroplastic oxidative metabolism
260(2)
Concluding remarks
262(6)
Plant responses to ozone
268(25)
Pinja Jaspers
Hannes Kollist
Christian Langebartels
Jaakko Kangasjarvi
Introduction
268(8)
Regulation of O3 flux to leaves
269(1)
O3 degradation to ROS and removal by antioxidants in the apoplast
270(3)
Induction of the active oxidative burst and sensing of ROS
273(3)
Hormonal control of plant O3 responses
276(6)
Lesion initiation
276(2)
Lesion propagation
278(2)
Lesion containment
280(1)
Interactions between the hormonal signaling cascades
281(1)
Other regulators of plant O3 responses
282(4)
Induction of plant volatiles
282(2)
O3 and mitogen-activated protein kinases
284(1)
G-proteins
285(1)
Conclusions
286(7)
Index 293


Dr Nicholas Smirnoff is at the School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Exeter, UK