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E-raamat: Applied Systems Analysis: Science and Art of Solving Real-Life Problems [Taylor & Francis e-raamat]

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Applied Systems Analysis: Science and Art of Solving Real-Life ProblemsSuurem pilt
Teised raamatud teemal:
Taylor & Francis e-raamatudRohkem infot Taylor & Francis e-raamatute kohta
Raamatu kodulehekülg: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781003054290
"This book includes a general survey of modern system analysis, offers several original results, presents the methodological, technological, and the latest results of theory of systems, introduces achievements, and discusses the transition from ideology of machine age to the ideology of the age of systems"--

Any activity is aimed at solving certain problems, which means transferring a system from an existing unsatisfactory problematic state, to a desired state. The success or failure depends on how the natural properties of the system during the planning of improvement and intervention state, was implemented. This book covers the theory and experience of successfully solving problems in a practical and general way.

This book includes a general survey of modern system analysis, offers several original results, presents the methodological, technological, and the latest results of theory of systems, introduces achievements, and discusses the transition from ideology of machine age to the ideology of the age of systems.

This book will be of interest to the professional market, as well as the academic market.

Preface xi
Acknowledgments xiii
Author xv
Introduction: How Appeared the Systems Analysis xvii
PART I Systems Thinking: Four Basic Concepts of Applied Systems Analysis
Chapter 1 The Problem and Methods of Its Solution
3(14)
1.1 Problem-Solving Options
3(1)
1.2 Ways to Influence the Subject
4(2)
1.3 Intervention in Reality
6(1)
1.4 Three Types of Ideologies
7(2)
1.5 Is Improving Intervention Feasible?
9(1)
1.6 Four Types of Improving Interventions
10(4)
1.7 More about Applied Systems Analysis
14(3)
Questions and Tasks
15(2)
Chapter 2 The Concept of the System
17(20)
2.1 Static Properties of the System
18(5)
2.2 Dynamic Properties of the System
23(5)
2.3 Synthetic Properties of the System
28(7)
2.4 Conclusion (systems picture of the world)
35(2)
Questions and Tasks
35(2)
Chapter 3 Models and Modeling
37(18)
3.1 Modeling Is an Integral Part of Any Activity
37(2)
3.2 Analysis and Synthesis as Model Building Methods
39(2)
3.3 What Is a Model?
41(1)
3.4 Analytical Approach to the Concept of a Model
41(3)
3.5 Classification is the Simplest Abstract Model of the Diversity of Reality
44(1)
3.6 Artificial and Natural Classifications
45(3)
3.7 Real Models
48(1)
3.8 Synthetic Approach to the Concept of a Model
49(2)
3.9 The Concept of Adequacy
51(1)
3.10 The Coherence of the Model with the Culture
51(1)
3.11 Hierarchy of Models
52(3)
Questions and Tasks
53(2)
Chapter 4 Control
55(14)
4.1 Analytical Approach: Five Components of Control
55(2)
4.2 Stage of Finding the Desired Control Action
57(1)
4.3 Synthetic Approach to Control: Seven Types of Control
58(9)
4.4 Summary
67(2)
Questions and Tasks
68(1)
Part I References
69(94)
PART II Systems Practice: Technology of Applied Systems Analysis
Chapter 5 Technology of Applied Systems Analysis
73(90)
5.1 Operations of Systems Analysis
73(2)
5.2 About Various Options for Solving Problems
75(88)
5.2.1 Stage One. Fixation of the Problem and Problem Situation
76(1)
Questions and Tasks
77(1)
5.2.2 Stage Two. Diagnosing Problems
77(1)
Questions and Tasks
78(1)
5.2.3 Stage Three. Making a List of Stakeholders
78(2)
5.2.3.1 Difficulties in Compiling a List of Stakeholders
80(1)
5.2.3.2 Tips to Facilitate the Work
81(2)
Questions and Tasks
83(1)
5.2.4 Stage Four. Revelation of the Problem Mess
83(1)
5.2.4.1 Technologies for Identifying the Mess
84(3)
5.2.4.2 Structuring the Mess
87(3)
5.2.4.3 Participation of Stakeholders in the Analysis
90(1)
Questions and Tasks
91(1)
5.2.5 Stage Five. Definition of Configurator
91(3)
Questions and Tasks
94(1)
5.2.6 Stage Six. Revelation of Stakeholders' Purposes
94(1)
5.2.6.1 Danger of Substitution of Targets
95(1)
5.2.6.2 The Danger of Mixing Goals and Means
96(1)
5.2.6.3 The Danger of Incomplete Enumeration of Goals
97(1)
5.2.6.4 The Danger of Not Being Able to Express a Goal
97(2)
5.2.6.5 Peculiarities of Identifying the Goals of the Organization
99(2)
5.2.6.6 Techniques of Work with Goals
101(1)
Questions and Tasks
102(1)
5.2.7 Stage Seven. Definition of Criteria
102(2)
Questions and Tasks
104(1)
5.2.8 Stage Eight. Experimental Study of Systems
104(10)
Questions and Tasks
114(1)
5.2.9 Stage Nine. Building and Improving Models
114(2)
Questions and Tasks
116(1)
5.2.10 Stage Ten. Generating Alternatives
117(14)
Questions and Tasks
131(1)
5.2.11 Stage Eleven. Choice or Decision-Making
131(2)
5.2.11.1 An Overview of the Most Common Situations of Choice and the Decision-Making Methods Used in Various Cases
133(16)
Questions and Tasks
149(1)
5.2.12 Stage Twelve. Implementation of Improving Intervention
149(12)
Questions and Tasks
161(2)
Part II References
163(4)
PART III Brief Review of Results of Systemology in the 20th Century
Chapter 6 The Current Stage of Development of Systems Thinking: The Transition from the Ideology of the Machine Age to the Ideology of the Systems Age
167(8)
6.1 Initial Ideas about the Structure of the Universe
167(1)
6.2 The Peculiarity of the Human System: The Culture of the Subject as "Second Nature"
168(2)
6.3 The Development of the Model of the Universe: A Paradigm Shift
170(5)
Questions and Tasks
173(2)
Chapter 7 Elements of Systems Statics
175(14)
7.1 Integrity (combined with openness, functionality, expediency, and emergence)
175(1)
7.2 Openness (combined with feasibility and functionality)
176(4)
7.3 Distinctiveness of parts (in combination with functionality and purposefulness)
180(2)
7.4 Structuredness (in combination with the internal heterogeneity of the system, its openness, functionality, emergence, and purposefulness)
182(7)
Questions and Tasks
187(2)
Chapter 8 Elements of Systems Dynamics
189(44)
8.1 Functionality (in conjunction with structuring, purposefulness, and stimulating)
189(1)
8.2 Stimulation (in combination with internal heterogeneity, structuring, functionality, and purposefulness)
190(12)
8.3 System Variability Over Time (in combination with internal heterogeneity, structuring, functioning, and development of the system)
202(2)
8.4 Factors Determining the Behavior of Systems
204(29)
8.4.1 Flows and Stocks of Resources
205(1)
8.4.2 Qualitative Models of Complex Systems Dynamics: Archetypes of Behavior
205(14)
8.4.3 On Mathematical Modeling of Dynamics of Complex Systems. Synergetics
219(2)
8.4.3.1 Order and Chaos in Nature
221(2)
8.4.3.2 Attractors
223(2)
8.4.3.3 Fractals
225(7)
Questions and Tasks
232(1)
Chapter 9 Elements of Complexity Theory
233(8)
9.1 Formation of the Concept of Complexity. Range of Difficulties
233(1)
9.2 Classification of the Complexity Types
234(6)
9.2.1 Classification According to the Degree of Objective Complexity in the Behavior of the Controlled Object
234(1)
9.2.2 Complexity Classification of Types of Models of the Managed System
235(1)
9.2.2.1 The Complexity Caused by the Large Dimension of the Composition Model
235(1)
9.2.2.2 The Complexity Caused by the Inadequacy of the Structure Model
236(1)
9.2.2.3 The Complexity Caused by Incomplete Information in the Combined Operating Model of the Managed System
236(1)
9.2.2.4 The Complexity Produced by Probabilistic Uncertainty
237(1)
9.2.2.5 The Complexity Associated with "Vague" Uncertainty
238(2)
Questions and Tasks
240(1)
9.3 Conclusion
240(1)
Part III References
241(2)
Index 243
Felix P. TARASENKO - Born in Saratov (Russia) on 6th of March, 1932. D.Sc.(Cybernetics & Information Theory), Professor (Chair of Theoretical Cybernetics, Tomsk State University). Graduated from Radio-Physics Dept. of TSU in 1955. Since then his carrier developed at TSU where he lectured and was Chair of Radio-physics (1958 1960), docent and head of the Chair of Electronic Computers and Automation (1960 1964), head of Chair of Statistical Radio-Physics and Information Theory (1964 1965), Senior research worker, laboratory of electronic computers (1965 1970), Senior lecturer in physics, as a UNESCO expert in Dar-es-Salaam University College, Tanzania (1967 1968), head of Cybernetics Dept. of Siberian Physical-Technical Research Institute at TSU (1970 1977), Head of Chair of Theoretical Cybernetics (1977 1998), and professor Dean of International Dept. of Public and Business Administration (1992 2912). He has authored 199 scientific articles (10 monographs among them), is an Honored Worker of Scis. and Techn. of Russian Federation (1990), Corresponding member of RANS (1991), and Academician of Intl. Acad. of Scis. of Higher School (1992).
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