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E-raamat: Arctic Offshore Engineering [World Scientific e-raamat]

(K R Croasdale & Assoc Ltd, Canada), (Nus, S'pore)
  • Formaat: 374 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 04-Dec-2012
  • Kirjastus: World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd
  • ISBN-13: 9789814368780
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • World Scientific e-raamat
  • Hind: 134,90 €*
  • * hind, mis tagab piiramatu üheaegsete kasutajate arvuga ligipääsu piiramatuks ajaks
Arctic Offshore EngineeringSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 374 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 04-Dec-2012
  • Kirjastus: World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd
  • ISBN-13: 9789814368780
Teised raamatud teemal:
World Scientific e-raamatudRohkem infot World Scientific e-raamatute kohta
Raamatu kodulehekülg: http://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/8283#t=toc
There is an increasing need to construct engineering structures in the Arctic sea. The requirement is principally generated by the oil and gas industry, because of the substantial reserves that are known to existing offshore in the Beaufort Sea, the Caspian Sea, the Barents Sea, the Pacific Ocean off the cost of Sakhalin, the Canadian Arctic, and almost certainly elsewhere. Structures have to withstand the severe environmental forces generated by sea ice, a subject that is developing rapidly but is still far from completely understood. Underwater pipelines have to be safe against ice gouging and strudel scour, but also have to be constructed safely and economically. The social and human environment has to be understood and respected.This important book intentionally takes a broad view, and vividly accounts for the many and often subtle interactions between the different factors. It is illustrated by case studies of actual projects.
Foreword v
Preface vii
1 The Human Context
1(16)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 The Peoples Native to the Arctic
2(5)
1.3 Explorers
7(4)
1.4 Developers
11(2)
1.5 Outsiders
13(4)
2 The Physical and Biological Environment
17(38)
2.1 Climate
17(3)
2.2 Permafrost and Land Ice
20(6)
2.3 Sea Ice
26(11)
2.3.1 Introduction
26(2)
2.3.2 Oceanographic Context
28(2)
2.3.3 The Structure of Ice
30(2)
2.3.4 Ice Formation
32(5)
2.4 Gathering Data about Sea Ice
37(11)
2.4.1 Identifying Needs
37(1)
2.4.2 Planning
38(1)
2.4.3 Methods for Ice Thickness
39(3)
2.4.4 Ice Movement
42(1)
2.4.5 Ice Strength and Related Parameters
42(6)
2.5 Biology
48(7)
3 Ice Mechanics
55(46)
3.1 Introduction
55(3)
3.2 Creep
58(3)
3.3 Fracture
61(9)
3.3.1 Introduction
61(1)
3.3.2 Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics
61(6)
3.3.3 Nonlinear Fracture Mechanics
67(3)
3.4 Elasticity
70(2)
3.5 Plasticity
72(3)
3.6 Broken Ice
75(4)
3.7 In-situ Rubble Tests
79(15)
3.7.1 Overview
79(1)
3.7.2 The Direct Shear Test
80(3)
3.7.3 The Punch Shear Test
83(2)
3.7.4 The Pull Up Test
85(3)
3.7.5 Summary of Results of in-situ Tests
88(3)
3.7.6 Translation of Rubble Shear Strength into a Bearing Pressure (or pseudo crushing strength)
91(1)
3.7.7 Confined Compression Test (indentation test) on Ice Rubble
92(2)
3.8 Model Ice
94(7)
4 Ice Forces on Structures in the Sea
101(80)
4.1 Introduction
101(3)
4.2 Alternative Design Concepts
104(4)
4.3 Ice Forces
108(4)
4.4 Ice Forces on Vertical-sided Structures
112(14)
4.4.1 Alternative Modes
112(1)
4.4.2 Creep
113(1)
4.4.3 Buckling
113(1)
4.4.4 Crushing: A Simple but Incorrect Approach
114(1)
4.4.5 Crushing: Evidence from Measurements
115(4)
4.4.6 Crushing: Empirical Representations of the Data
119(2)
4.4.7 Crushing: Theory
121(5)
4.5 Sloping-sided Structures
126(20)
4.5.1 Introduction
126(3)
4.5.2 Mechanics of Ice Interaction with Sloping-sided Structures
129(7)
4.5.3 Adfreeze Effects
136(2)
4.5.4 Experimental and Full Scale Data
138(2)
4.5.5 Modifications for very Thick Ice
140(4)
4.5.6 Velocity Effects
144(2)
4.6 Local Ice Pressures
146(5)
4.7 Ice Encroachment
151(3)
4.8 Model Tests
154(4)
4.9 Ice-induced Vibrations
158(4)
4.10 Ice Load Measurements on Platforms
162(19)
5 Broken Ice, Pressure Ridges and Ice Rubble
181(70)
5.1 Introduction
181(1)
5.2 Formation of Ridges
181(13)
5.3 Limit-Force Calculations
194(5)
5.4 Multi-Year Ridges
199(8)
5.4.1 Introduction
199(1)
5.4.2 Ridge Breaking Analysis
199(8)
5.5 Loads due to First-year Ridges
207(18)
5.5.1 Introduction
207(2)
5.5.2 Ridge Interaction with Vertical Structures
209(5)
5.5.3 First-year Ridge Interaction on Upward Sloping Structures
214(4)
5.5.4 First Year Ridge Interaction on Downward Sloping Structures
218(7)
5.6 Structures in Shallow Water
225(7)
5.6.1 Effects of Ice Rubble on Ice Loads
225(4)
5.6.2 First-year Ridge Loads in Shallow Water
229(3)
5.7 Multi-leg and Multi-hulled Platforms
232(7)
5.7.1 Multi-leg (with Vertical Legs)
232(3)
5.7.2 Multi-leg Structure with Conical Collars on the Legs
235(1)
5.7.3 Multi-caisson Systems and Ice Barriers
235(4)
5.8 Limit momentum (limit energy) Ice Loads
239(12)
5.8.1 Principles and Application to a Vertical Structure
239(6)
5.8.2 Sloping Structures
245(2)
5.8.3 Iceberg Impact Loads
247(4)
6 Ice Forces on Floating Platforms
251(24)
6.1 Introduction
251(1)
6.2 Background to Use of Floaters in Sea Ice
252(2)
6.3 Loads on Floaters in Unmanaged Ice
254(5)
6.4 Loads on Floaters in Managed Ice
259(3)
6.5 Calibration against the Kulluk Data
262(2)
6.6 Influencing Parameters
264(4)
6.7 Typical Managed Ice Loads
268(7)
7 Arctic Marine Pipelines and Export Systems
275
7.1 Introduction
275
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