| Dedication |
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v | |
| Acknowledgments |
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xi | |
| About the Author |
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xiii | |
| About the Associate Editors |
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xv | |
| Contributing Authors |
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xvii | |
| Foreword |
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xix | |
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| Introduction |
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xxi | |
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Chapter 1 Fundamental Concepts in Corneal Imaging |
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1 | (28) |
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Basic Definitions and Terminology |
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5 | (1) |
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Confusing Clinical Concepts |
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6 | (5) |
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11 | (15) |
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Placido-Based Reflection Devices |
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11 | (2) |
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LED-Based Reflective Devices |
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13 | (1) |
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Tomography-Based Imaging Devices |
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13 | (1) |
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Slit Scanning-Based Tomography |
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14 | (1) |
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Scheimpflug-Based Tomographers |
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15 | (2) |
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Optical Coherence Tomography |
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17 | (3) |
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Very High-Frequency Digital Ultrasound |
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20 | (2) |
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Aberrometers for Wavefront Analysis |
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22 | (4) |
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26 | (3) |
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Chapter 2 Corneal Imaging Devices: Applications and Set Up |
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29 | (50) |
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29 | (7) |
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36 | (26) |
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36 | (5) |
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Scanning Slit Imaging (Orbscan II) |
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41 | (1) |
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Scheimpflug Imaging (Pentacam) |
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41 | (9) |
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Dual Scheimpflug/Placido Imaging (Galilei) |
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50 | (4) |
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Scheimpflug/Placido Imaging (Sirius) |
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54 | (2) |
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Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography |
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56 | (4) |
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Very High-Frequency Digital Ultrasound |
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60 | (2) |
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62 | (14) |
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76 | (3) |
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Chapter 3 Basic Topographic Patterns and Tomographic Correlates |
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79 | (80) |
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Notes on Maps in This Section |
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82 | (1) |
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Section 1 Symmetric Nonastigmatic Patterns (Normal Patterns and Variants) |
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82 | (5) |
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Section 2 Symmetric Astigmatic Patterns (Normal Variants) |
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87 | (7) |
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Section 3 Asymmetric Astigmatic Patterns (Suspicious Patterns) |
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94 | (8) |
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Section 4 Abnormal Asymmetric Patterns |
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102 | (53) |
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Against-the-Rule Astigmatism |
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102 | (10) |
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112 | (4) |
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116 | (6) |
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122 | (3) |
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Asymmetric Bowtie With Skewed Radial Axis Pattern |
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125 | (5) |
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130 | (7) |
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137 | (5) |
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142 | (8) |
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Pellucid Marginal Degeneration-Like (Crab Claw) Pattern |
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150 | (5) |
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Section 5 Keratometry/Topography Relationship in Ectatic Corneas |
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155 | (4) |
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Chapter 4 Epithelial Mapping |
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159 | (34) |
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Epithelial Thickness and Remodeling Patterns |
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159 | (3) |
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Section 1 General Epithelial Mapping Images in Normal Eyes |
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162 | (6) |
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Section 2 Epithelial Mapping in Keratoconus |
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168 | (8) |
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Section 3 Epithelial Mapping in Refractive Surgery Screening |
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176 | (10) |
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Section 4 Epithelial Mapping After Refractive Surgery |
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186 | (3) |
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Section 5 Irregular Epithelial Mapping With Corneal Irregularities |
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189 | (4) |
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Chapter 5 Corneal Ectasia Evaluations |
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193 | (102) |
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Progressively Advanced Presentations of Corneal Ectasias |
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194 | (1) |
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Section 1 Corneal Ectasia Suspects |
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195 | (13) |
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208 | (63) |
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Highly Asymmetric (Clinically Unilateral) Keratoconus |
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208 | (11) |
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219 | (10) |
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229 | (8) |
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237 | (9) |
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246 | (7) |
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Atypical Keratoconus Images |
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253 | (2) |
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255 | (3) |
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258 | (11) |
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269 | (2) |
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Section 3 Pellucid Marginal Corneal Degeneration |
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271 | (12) |
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Section 4 Postoperative Corneal Ectasia |
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283 | (12) |
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Chapter 6 Corneal Imaging in Refractive Surgery Evaluations |
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295 | (82) |
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Note on Screening Recommendations |
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295 | (1) |
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Section 1 Suitable Refractive Surgery Candidates: Normal Imaging and Variants |
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296 | (16) |
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Section 2 Suspicious Imaging in Refractive Surgery Evaluations |
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312 | (25) |
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Section 3 Abnormal Imaging in Refractive Surgery Evaluations |
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337 | (14) |
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Section 4 Ectasia After LASIK Cases: Preoperative Corneal Imaging |
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351 | (26) |
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Chapter 7 Postoperative Patterns After Corneal and Refractive Surgery |
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377 | (88) |
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378 | (14) |
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Section 2 Incisional Refractive Surgery |
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392 | (7) |
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399 | (12) |
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Section 4 Photorefractive Keratectomy |
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411 | (6) |
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Section 5 Small Incision Lenticule Extraction |
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417 | (11) |
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Section 6 Phakic Intraocular Lens |
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428 | (2) |
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Section 7 Intracorneal Ring Segments |
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430 | (4) |
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Section 8 Orthokeratology |
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434 | (2) |
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Section 9 Corneal Cross-Linking Imaging |
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436 | (20) |
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Section 10 Therapeutic Topography-Guided Ablations |
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456 | (9) |
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Chapter 8 Corneal and Refractive Surgery Complications |
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465 | (88) |
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Section 1 Ablation Issues |
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466 | (28) |
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Section 2 LASIK Flap Complications |
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494 | (9) |
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Section 3 Interface Complications |
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503 | (20) |
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Section 4 Ocular Surface Complications |
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523 | (8) |
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Section 5 Complications After Incisional Refractive Surgery |
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531 | (7) |
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Section 6 Complications After Intracorneal Ring Segments Implantation |
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538 | (4) |
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Section 7 Phakic Intraocular Lens Complications |
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542 | (5) |
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Section 8 Complications After Keratoplasty |
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547 | (6) |
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Chapter 9 Clinical/Topographic Correlations |
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553 | (56) |
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553 | (5) |
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Section 2 Corneal Scarring Resulting From Infectious Keratitis |
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558 | (6) |
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Section 3 Epithelial Basement Membrane Dystrophy |
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564 | (9) |
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Section 4 Salzmann's Nodular Degeneration |
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573 | (7) |
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580 | (4) |
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Section 6 Fuchs' Corneal Dystrophy |
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584 | (10) |
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Section 7 Corneal Stromal Dystrophies |
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594 | (11) |
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Section 8 Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency |
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605 | (2) |
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Section 9 Floppy Eyelid Syndrome |
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607 | (2) |
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Chapter 10 Corneal Imaging for Evaluations of Patients With Cataracts |
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609 | (56) |
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Section 1 Routine Cataract Evaluations |
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612 | (7) |
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Section 2 Toric Intraocular Lens Evaluations |
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619 | (16) |
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Section 3 Cataract Evaluations in Patients With Prior Laser Vision Correction |
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635 | (14) |
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Section 4 Cataract Evaluations in Patients With Prior Radial Keratotomy |
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649 | (8) |
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Section 5 Cataract Evaluations in Patients With Keratoconus |
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657 | (8) |
| Financial Disclosures |
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665 | (2) |
| Index |
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667 | |