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E-raamat: Atmospheric Pollution and Environmental Change [Taylor & Francis e-raamat]

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Atmospheric Pollution and Environmental Change is an introduction to the major pollutants causing concern today, a description of their sources and how their emissions and concentrations have changed through time.





Approaching atmospheric change in the context of its effects on the natural environment, people and the global climate system, Atmospheric Pollution and Environmental Change examines:





·Atmospheric pollution at global, continental and local scales





·The development of policy at national and international levels





·The uses of computer models to help us understand and forecast the behaviour of pollutants and their impacts





·The success (or otherwise) of policies designed to reduce air pollution and the prospects for the future.





With extensive references to useful web sites and further reading, Atmospheric Pollution and Environmental Change will be of great benefit to senior undergraduate and postgraduate students.
Acknowledgements xii
Background
1(6)
Introduction
1(1)
The atmosphere and its composition
1(1)
Atmospheric lifetimes
2(1)
Transformation and loss
2(2)
Diffusion and dispersal
4(1)
Pollutants and their sources
4(1)
Pollution and change
5(2)
Identifying atmospheric pollution
7(24)
Introduction
7(1)
Monitoring atmospheric composition
7(13)
Emissions inventories
20(9)
Conclusions
29(2)
The global atmosphere
31(22)
Introduction
31(1)
The global greenhouse
31(1)
Atmospheric composition and the climate system
32(13)
Stratospheric ozone
45(6)
Atmospheric and climatic change
51(2)
Regional scale air pollution
53(30)
Introduction
53(1)
Acid deposition
53(18)
Heavy metals
71(5)
Tropospheric ozone
76(5)
Regional, global or local?
81(2)
Urban air quality
83(22)
Introduction
83(1)
Global urbanization
83(1)
Health effects of air pollution
84(3)
The changing face of urban air pollution
87(2)
Case studies
89(10)
Episodes
99(2)
Indoor air pollution
101(2)
Conclusions
103(2)
Modelling atmospheric pollution and environmental change
105(28)
Introduction
105(1)
Urban air quality
106(8)
Regional air quality
114(11)
Global air quality
125(8)
Pollution regulation
133(23)
Introduction
133(1)
The United Kingdom and western Europe
133(6)
Eastern Europe
139(5)
North America
144(5)
Global action
149(4)
Economic instruments
153(3)
Successes, surprises and outstanding issues
156(13)
Introduction
156(1)
Successes
156(2)
Surprises in atmospheric pollution
158(2)
Matters of scale
160(3)
Outstanding issues
163(3)
Do we have the tools to meet the challenges?
166(1)
Conclusions
167(2)
Glossary 169(8)
References 177(12)
Index 189


Sarah Metcalfe is Professor of Earth and Environmental Dynamics in the School of Geography at the University of Nottingham, UK.

Dick Derwent is an independent consultant and has worked for over thirty years on air pollution and atmospheric chemistry. He has worked in major research organisations and for the UK government in developing and implementing air pollution policies. He was a contributor to the IPCC Working Group 1 3rd assessment.

Both authors have served on a number of review and expert groups on air pollution issues for the UK government.