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E-raamat: Attribution: An Introduction to Theories, Research and Applications [Taylor & Francis e-raamat]

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Attribution concerns the scientific study of naive theories and common-sense explanations. This text provides a thorough and up-to-date introduction to the field, combining comprehensive coverage of the fundamental theoretical ideas and most significant research with an overview of more recent developments.

The author begins with a broad overview of the central questions and basic assumptions of attribution research. This is followed by discussion of the ways in which causal explanations determine reactions to success or failure and how our causal explanations of other people's actions shape our behaviour toward them. The manner in which attributions may shape communication, and how people often quite indirectly communicate their beliefs about causality, is also explained. Finally, the issue of changing causal connections in training and therapy is addressed.

With end of chapter summaries, further reading and exercises to illustrate key attribution phenomena, Attribution will be essential reading for students of social psychology and associated areas such as personality, educational, organisational and clinical psychology.

Series preface ix
Introduction xi
Part I Central questions and basic assumptions 1(20)
The topics of attribution research
3(10)
The history and present status of attribution research
6(3)
The two branches of attribution research
9(1)
Central assumptions of attribution/al theories
10(3)
When do we make attributions?
13(8)
Summary
17(1)
Exercise questions for
Chapters 1 and 2
18(3)
Part II Antecedents of perceived causality 21(86)
Heider's analysis of naive psychology
23(4)
Antecedents of phenomenal causality
27(6)
Persons as causes
28(1)
Temporal and spatial contiguity
29(4)
Antecedents of attributions to intention
33(10)
Equifinality
33(2)
Correspondent inferences
35(5)
Summary
40(1)
Exercise questions for
Chapters 3, 4, and 5
40(3)
Covariation-based causal inferences
43(24)
Kelley's covariation principle
45(12)
Refinements of covariation models
57(8)
Summary
65(1)
Exercise questions for
Chapter 6
66(1)
Configuration concepts
67(14)
Discounting and augmentation
73(5)
Summary
78(1)
Exercise questions for
Chapter 7
79(2)
Shortcomings and errors in the attribution process
81(26)
The correspondence bias
82(3)
Underuse of consensus
85(1)
The false consensus effect
86(1)
Self-serving attributions for success and failure
87(4)
A new perspective on errors and biases
91(2)
Actor-observer differences
93(10)
Intergroup attributions
103(1)
Summary
104(1)
Exercise questions for
Chapter 8
105(2)
Part III Consequences of causal attributions 107(66)
Intrapersonal consequences
109(40)
Achievement motivation
109(14)
Helplessness and depression
123(16)
Loneliness, health behaviour, smoking, recovery, and coping
139(6)
Summary
145(1)
Exercise questions for
Chapter 9
146(3)
Interpersonal consequences
149(24)
Controllability, intentionality, and responsibility
150(1)
Interpersonal emotions
151(1)
Praise and blame
152(5)
Altruism and aggression
157(4)
Acceptance and rejection
161(2)
Diseases and stigmas, expressed emotions, and marital distress
163(7)
Summary
170(1)
Exercise questions for
Chapter 10
171(2)
Part IV The communication of attributions 173(28)
Language and causal explanations
175(12)
Conversational processes in causal attributions
175(2)
The verb-causality effect
177(10)
Indirect communication of attributions
187(14)
The implications of praise, blame, help, pity, and anger
187(6)
Self-handicapping strategies
193(3)
Excuse giving
196(2)
Summary
198(1)
Exercise questions for
Chapters 11 and 12
199(2)
Part V Applications of attribution principles 201(12)
Attributional retraining
203(10)
Existing psychotherapies from an attributional perspective
205(4)
Summary
209(1)
Exercise questions for
Chapter 13
210(3)
Conclusions 213(4)
References 217(18)
Author index 235(6)
Subject index 241
Friedrich Forsterling is Professor of Psychologyat the Ludwig-Maximilians University in Munich, Germany. His previous publications include Attribution Theory in Clinical Psychology (John Wiley & sons).