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E-raamat: Biopolymers - Biomedical and Environmental Applications: Biomedical and Environmental Applications [Wiley Online]

,
  • Formaat: 642 pages
  • Sari: Wiley-Scrivener
  • Ilmumisaeg: 21-Oct-2011
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-Scrivener
  • ISBN-10: 1118164792
  • ISBN-13: 9781118164792
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Wiley Online
  • Hind: 229,38 €*
  • * hind, mis tagab piiramatu üheaegsete kasutajate arvuga ligipääsu piiramatuks ajaks
Biopolymers - Biomedical and Environmental Applications: Biomedical and Environmental ApplicationsSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 642 pages
  • Sari: Wiley-Scrivener
  • Ilmumisaeg: 21-Oct-2011
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-Scrivener
  • ISBN-10: 1118164792
  • ISBN-13: 9781118164792
Teised raamatud teemal:
Wiley Online e-raamatudRohkem infot Wiley Online kohta
Raamatu kodulehekülg: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781118164792
Most of the contributors are from chemistry and materials science, but some are from areas of application in biological, medical, and environmental sciences. They profile polymers derived from natural sources and how they are or can be used, especially to substitute for chemicals from non-renewable sources. They cover polysaccharides, bioplastics and biocomposites, miscellaneous biopolymers, and biopolymers for specific applications. Among the topics are natural polysaccharides from membranes to active food packaging, biopolymers based on carboxylic acids derived from renewable resources, gluten, rubber, electronic structures and conduction properties of biopolymers, and modified cellulose fibers as a biosorbent for organic pollutants. Scrivener is now owned by Wiley. Annotation ©2011 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

This handbook focuses on biopolymers for both environmental and biomedical applications. It shows recent advances in technology in all areas from chemical synthesis or biosynthesis to end use applications. These areas have not been covered in a single book before and they include biopolymers for chemical and biotechnological modifications, material structures, characterization, processing, properties, and applications.

After the introduction which summarizes the importance of biopolymer in the market, the book covers almost all the topics related to polysaccharides, biofibers, bioplastics, biocomposites, natural rubber, gums, bacterial and blood compatible polymers, and applications of biopolymers in various fields.

Preface xvii
List of Contributors
xxi
Part 1 Polysaccharides
1 Hyaluronic Acid: A Natural Biopolymer
3(32)
J. Schiller
N. Volpi
E. Hrabarova
L. Soltes
1.1 Glycosaminoglycans
4(3)
1.2 Hyaluronic Acid/Hyaluronan - Structure, Occurrence
7(1)
1.3 Hyaluronan Synthases
8(2)
1.4 Enzymatic Catabolism of Hyaluronan
10(1)
1.5 Oxidative Degradation of Hyaluronan
11(8)
1.5.1 Reaction of HA with HO Radicals
13(4)
1.5.2 Reaction of HA with HOCl
17(1)
1.5.3 Reaction of HA with Peroxynitrite
18(1)
1.6 Hyaluronan Degradation under Inflammatory Conditions
19(5)
1.6.1 Generation of ROS under In Vivo Conditions
20(1)
1.6.2 Discussion of ROS Effects under In Vivo Conditions
21(1)
1.6.3 Cell-derived Oxidants and Their Effects on HA
22(1)
1.6.4 Synovial Fluids
23(1)
1.6.5 Extracellular Matrix
23(1)
1.7 Interaction of Hyaluronan with Proteins and Inflammatory Mediators
24(2)
1.7.1 HA Binding Proteins and Receptors
25(1)
1.7.2 HA Receptors - Cellular Hyaladherins
25(1)
1.7.3 Extracellular Hyaladherins
26(1)
1.8 Hyaluronan and Its Derivatives in Use
26(3)
1.8.1 Viscosurgery
27(1)
1.8.2 Viscoprotection
27(1)
1.8.3 Viscosupplementation
28(1)
1.8.4 Vehicle for the Localized Delivery of Drugs to the Skin
28(1)
1.8.5 Electrospinning for Regenerative Medicine
28(1)
1.9 Concluding Remarks
29(6)
Acknowledgements
29(1)
References
30(5)
2 Polysaccharide Graft Copolymers - Synthesis, Properties and Applications
35(24)
B. S. Kaith
Hemant Mittal
Jaspreet Kaur Bhatia
Susheel Kalia
2.1 Introduction
35(1)
2.2 Modification of Polysaccharides through Graft Copolymerization
36(3)
2.2.1 Graft Copolymerization Using Chemical Initiators
36(2)
2.2.2 Graft Copolymerization Using Radiations as Initiators
38(1)
2.3 Different Reaction Conditions for Graft Copolymerization
39(3)
2.3.1 In Air (IA) Graft Copolymerization
39(1)
2.3.2 Under Pressure (UP) Graft Copolymerization
39(1)
2.3.3 Under Vacuum (UV) Graft Copolymerization
40(1)
2.3.4 Graft Copolymerization Under the Influence of γ-Radiations
40(1)
2.3.5 Graft Copolymerization Under the Influence of Microwave Radiations (MW)
40(2)
2.4 Characterization of Graft Copolymers
42(4)
2.4.1 FT-IR
42(1)
2.4.2 13C NMR
42(2)
2.4.3 SEM
44(1)
2.4.4 XRD
44(1)
2.4.5 Thermal Studies
45(1)
2.5 Properties of Polysaccharide Graft Copolymers
46(3)
2.5.1 Physical Properties
47(1)
2.5.2 Chemical Properties
48(1)
2.6 Applications of Modified Polysaccharides
49(2)
2.6.1 Sustained Drug Delivery
49(1)
2.6.2 Controlled Release of Fungicide
49(1)
2.6.3 Selective Removal of Water from Different Petroleum Fraction-water Emulsions
50(1)
2.6.4 Removal of Colloidal Particles from Water
50(1)
2.6.5 Graft Copolymers as Reinforcing Agents in Green Composites
50(1)
2.7 Biodegradation Studies
51(2)
2.8 Conclusion
53(6)
References
53(6)
3 Natural Polysaccharides: From Membranes to Active Food Packaging
59(22)
Keith J. Fahnestock
Marjorie S. Austero
Caroline L. Schauer
3.1 Introduction
59(1)
3.2 Polysaccharide Membranes
60(3)
3.2.1 Permselective Membranes
61(1)
3.2.2 Ionically Conductive Membranes
61(2)
3.2.3 Polysaccharide Polymers
63(1)
3.3 Permselective Membranes
63(2)
3.4 Ionically Conductive Membranes
65(2)
3.4.1 Cation Conductive Membranes
65(1)
3.4.2 Anion Conductive Membrane
66(1)
3.5 Polysaccharide Membranes: Synopsis
67(1)
3.6 Active Food Packaging
67(1)
3.7 Antimicrobial Films
68(9)
3.7.1 Chitosan
69(7)
3.7.2 Cellulose
76(1)
3.8 Other Developments in Active Packaging: Lipid Barrier
77(1)
3.9 Food Packaging: Synopsis
77(1)
3.10 Conclusion
78(3)
References
78(3)
4 Starch as Source of Polymeric Materials
81(18)
Antonio Jose Felix Carvalho
4.1 Introduction
81(2)
4.2 Starch Structure
83(3)
4.3 Non-food Application of Starch
86(1)
4.4 Utilization of Starch in Plastics
87(2)
4.5 Some Features of the Physical Chemistry of Thermoplastic Starch Processing
89(3)
4.6 Recent Developments in Thermoplastic Starch
92(1)
4.7 Reactive Extrusion
93(1)
4.8 Conclusion
94(5)
Acknowledgement
95(1)
References
95(4)
5 Grafted Polysaccharides: Smart Materials of the Future, Their Synthesis and Applications
99(30)
Gautam Sen
Ashoke Sharon
Sagar Pal
5.1 Introduction: Polysaccharides as a Material of the Future
99(1)
5.2 Modified Polysaccharides
100(10)
5.2.1 Modification by Insertion of Functional Groups onto the Polysaccharide Backbone
100(1)
5.2.2 Modification by Grafting of Chains of Another Polymeric Material onto Polysaccharide Backbone
101(9)
5.3 Characterization of Grafted Polysaccharides
110(7)
5.3.1 Intrinsic Viscosity
110(1)
5.3.2 Elemental Analysis
111(1)
5.3.3 FTIR Spectroscopy
112(2)
5.3.4 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Analysis
114(1)
5.3.5 Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA)
115(2)
5.4 Application of Grafted Polysaccharides
117(7)
5.4.1 Application as Viscosifier
117(2)
5.4.2 Application as Flocculant for Water Treatment
119(2)
5.4.3 Application as Matrix for Controlled Drug Release
121(3)
5.5 Conclusion
124(5)
References
124(5)
6 Chitosan: The Most Valuable Derivative of Chitin
129(40)
Debasish Sahoo
P.L. Nayak
6.1 Introduction
129(1)
6.2 Polysachharide
130(1)
6.3 Sources of Chitin and Chitosan
131(1)
6.4 Composition of Chitin, Chitosan and Cellulose
132(2)
6.5 Chemical Modification of Chitin and Chitosan
134(1)
6.6 Chitin - Chemical Modification
134(1)
6.7 Chitosan - Chemical Modification
135(3)
6.7.1 O-/N-carboxyalkylation
135(1)
6.7.2 Sulfonation
136(1)
6.7.3 Acylation
136(1)
6.7.4 Sugar-Modified Chitosan
137(1)
6.8 Depolymerization of Chitin and Chitosan
138(5)
6.8.1 Chemical Methods
138(2)
6.8.2 Physical Methods
140(1)
6.8.3 Enzymatic Methods
140(1)
6.8.4 Graft Copolymerization
141(1)
6.8.5 Chitosan Crosslinking
142(1)
6.9 Applications of Chitin and Chitosan
143(1)
6.10 Bio-medical Applications of Chitosan
144(8)
6.10.1 Gene Therapy
144(1)
6.10.2 Enzyme Immobilization
144(1)
6.10.3 Antioxidant Property
145(1)
6.10.4 Hypocholesterolemic Activity
145(1)
6.10.5 Wound-healing Accelerators
145(2)
6.10.6 Artificial Kidney Membrane
147(2)
6.10.7 Drug Delivery Systems
149(2)
6.10.8 Blood Anticoagulants
151(1)
6.10.9 Artificial Skin
152(1)
6.11 Miscellaneous Applications
152(2)
6.12 Antimicrobial Properties
154(1)
6.13 Film-forming Ability of Chitosan
155(1)
6.14 Function of Plasticizers in Film Formation
155(1)
6.15 Membranes
156(1)
6.16 In Wastewater Treatment
156(1)
6.17 Multifaceted Derivatization Potential of Chitin and Chitosan
157(1)
6.18 Conclusion
158(11)
References
159(10)
Part 2 Bioplastics and Biocomposites
7 Biopolymers Based on Carboxylic Acids Derived from Renewable Resources
169(14)
Sushil Kumar
Nikhil Prakash
Dipaloy Datta
7.1 Introduction
169(1)
7.2 Carboxylic Acids: Lactic- and Glycolic Acid
170(3)
7.2.1 Lactic- and Glycolic Acid Production
171(2)
7.3 Polymerization of Lactic- and Glycolic Acids
173(7)
7.3.1 Polymerization of Lactic Acid
173(5)
7.3.2 Polymerization of Glycolic Acid
178(2)
7.4 Applications
180(1)
7.5 Conclusions
181(2)
References
181(2)
8 Characteristics and Applications of Poly (lactide)
183(42)
Sandra Domenek
Cecile Courgneau
Violette Ducruet
8.1 Introduction
183(1)
8.2 Production of PLA
184(6)
8.2.1 Production of Lactic Acid
184(2)
8.2.2 Synthesis of PLA
186(4)
8.3 Physical PLA Properties
190(2)
8.4 Microstructure and Thermal Properties
192(5)
8.4.1 Amorphous Phase of PLA
192(1)
8.4.2 Crystalline Structure of PLA
193(1)
8.4.3 Crystallization Kinetics of PLA
194(3)
8.4.4 Melting of PLA
197(1)
8.5 Mechanical Properties of PLA
197(2)
8.6 Barrier Properties of PLA
199(4)
8.6.1 Gas Barrier Properties of PLA
199(2)
8.6.2 Water Vapour Permeability of PLA
201(1)
8.6.3 Permeability of Organic Vapours through PLA
202(1)
8.7 Degradation Behaviour of PLA
203(5)
8.7.1 Thermal Degradation
204(1)
8.7.2 Hydrolysis
204(2)
8.7.3 Biodegradation
206(2)
8.8 Processing
208(2)
8.9 Applications
210(7)
8.9.1 Biomedical Applications of PLA
210(1)
8.9.2 Packaging Applications Commodity of PLA
211(3)
8.9.3 Textile Applications of PLA
214(1)
8.9.4 Automotive Applications of PLA
215(1)
8.9.5 Building Applications
215(1)
8.9.6 Other Applications of PLA
216(1)
8.10 Conclusion
217(8)
References
217(8)
9 Biobased Composites and Applications
225(44)
Smita Mohanty
Sanjay K. Nayak
9.1 Introduction
225(1)
9.2 Biofibers: Opportunities and Limitations
226(9)
9.2.1 Chemical Composition of Biofibers
228(4)
9.2.2 Surface Modification and Characterization of Biofibers
232(2)
9.2.3 Physical and Mechanical Properties of Biofibers
234(1)
9.3 Biobased Composites: An Overview
235(27)
9.3.1 Biobased Composites of Sisal Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene
237(9)
9.3.2 Innovations in Biobased Hybrid Composites
246(16)
9.3.3 Prototype Development and Future Recommendations
262(1)
9.4 Conclusion and Future Prospects
262(7)
References
263(6)
Part 3 Miscellaneous Biopolymers
10 Cassia Seed Gums: A Renewable Reservoir for Synthesizing High Performance Materials for Water Remediation
269(22)
Vandana Singh
Pramendra Kumar
10.1 Introduction
269(2)
10.2 Cassia Seed Gums Based Flocculants
271(6)
10.2.1 Cassia angustfolia
272(1)
10.2.2 Cassia javahikai
273(3)
10.2.3 Cassia tora
276(1)
10.2.4 Mechanism of Dye Removal by Flocculants
276(1)
10.3 Cassia Seed Gums Based Metal Sorbents
277(8)
10.3.1 Cassia grandis
278(2)
10.3.2 Cassia marginata
280(3)
10.3.3 Cassia javanica
283(2)
10.4 Other Grafted Cassia Seed Gums
285(1)
10.4.1 Cassia pudibunda
286(1)
10.4.2 Cassia occidentalis
286(1)
10.4.3 Cassia siamea
286(1)
10.5 Conclusion
286(5)
References
287(4)
11 Bacterial Polymers: Resources, Synthesis and Applications
291(26)
G.V.N. Rathna
Sutapa Ghosh
11.1 Introduction
291(4)
11.2 Diverse Bacterial Species
295(7)
11.2.1 Polysaccharides
295(4)
11.2.2 Proteins
299(1)
11.2.3 Protein-polysaccharide and Lipopolysaccharides
299(1)
11.2.4 Polyesters
300(2)
11.3 Methods to Obtain Bacterial Polymers
302(5)
11.3.1 Conventional Methods (extraction/isolation)
302(3)
11.3.2 Biosynthesis Methods
305(2)
11.4 Tailor-made Methods
307(2)
11.5 Applications
309(3)
11.5.1 Biomedical Applications
309(2)
11.5.2 Industrial Application
311(1)
11.5.3 Food Applications
311(1)
11.5.4 Agricultural Application
312(1)
11.6 Conclusion and Future Prospective of Bacterial Polymers
312(5)
References
312(5)
12 Gum Arabica: A Natural Biopolymer
317(60)
A. Sarkar
12.1 Introduction
317(3)
12.1.1 Natural Gums, Sources and Collection
319(1)
12.2 Chemistry of Gum Arabica
320(1)
12.2.1 Potential Use as Material
321(1)
12.3 Electroactivity of Gum
321(4)
12.3.1 Ionic Conduction in Electroactive Material
322(1)
12.3.2 Conduction Mechanism
323(1)
12.3.3 Ion Transference Number
323(1)
12.3.4 Conducting Ion Species in Gum Arabica
324(1)
12.3.5 Carrier Mobility in Gum Arabica
324(1)
12.4 Method of Characterization
325(13)
12.4.1 Microscopic Observation
325(1)
12.4.2 Microscopic Observations
326(2)
12.4.3 Thermodynamic Analysis
328(2)
12.4.4 Electrical Polarization and A.C. Conductivity
330(8)
12.5 Electronic or Vibrational Properties
338(4)
12.6 Enhancement of Electroactivity
342(2)
12.7 Application Potential in Material Science
344(20)
12.7.1 Gum Arabica and Its Scope of Application
344(1)
12.7.2 Biopolymer Gel
345(6)
12.7.3 Nanocomposites
351(1)
12.7.4 Metallic Sulphide Nanocomplex of Gum Arabica
352(4)
12.7.5 Development of Carbon Nanoparticle
356(3)
12.7.6 Photosensitive Complex
359(5)
12.8 Development of Biopolymeric Solar Cells
364(6)
12.9 Biomedical-like Application
370(4)
12.10 Conclusion
374(3)
Acknowledgements
374(1)
References
374(3)
13 Gluten: A Natural Biopolymer
377(26)
S. Georgiev
Tereza Dekova
13.1 Introduction
378(5)
13.2 Gliadins
383(4)
13.2.1 Genetics and Polymorphism
384(3)
13.3 Glutenins
387(6)
13.3.1 Gluten Polymer Structure
388(1)
13.3.2 Polymeric Proteins
389(2)
13.3.3 Structure
391(1)
13.3.4 Relationship to Wheat Quality
392(1)
13.4 LMW-GS
393(4)
13.4.1 Structure
395(1)
13.4.2 Molecular Characterization of LMW-GS Genes
395(2)
13.5 MALDI/MS: A New Technique Used to Analyze the Proteins in Plants
397(1)
13.6 Albumins and Globulins
397(1)
13.7 Wheat Gluten and Dietary Intolerance
398(1)
13.8 Conclusion
399(4)
References
399(4)
14 Natural Rubber: Production, Properties and Applications
403(34)
Thomas Kurian
N. M. Mathew
14.1 Introduction
403(1)
14.2 Rubber Yielding Plants
404(1)
14.3 History
404(2)
14.4 Plantation Rubber
406(1)
14.5 Rubber Cultivation
407(5)
14.5.1 The Para Rubber Tree
407(1)
14.5.2 Agro-climatic Requirements
408(1)
14.5.3 Planting
408(1)
14.5.4 Disease Control
408(2)
14.5.5 Tapping and Collection of Crop
410(2)
14.6 Biosynthesis of Rubber
412(1)
14.7 Chemistry of Latex
413(1)
14.8 Primary Processing
413(8)
14.8.1 Preserved and Concentrated Latex
414(1)
14.8.2 Ribbed Smoked Sheet
415(3)
14.8.3 Pale Latex Crepe and Sole Crepe
418(1)
14.8.4 Field Coagulum Crepe
418(1)
14.8.5 Technically Specified Rubber
419(2)
14.9 Current Global Status of Production and Consumption
421(1)
14.10 Properties of NR
421(2)
14.11 Blends of Natural Rubber
423(1)
14.11.1 Blends of Natural Rubber with Thermoplastics
423(1)
14.11.2 Preparation of Thermoplastic Natural Rubber
423(1)
14.11.3 Properties and Applications of TPNR
423(1)
14.12 Modified Forms of Natural Rubber
424(4)
14.12.1 Introduction
424(1)
14.12.2 Hydrogenated Natural Rubber
424(1)
14.12.3 Chlorinated Natural Rubber
424(1)
14.12.4 Cyclized Natural Rubber
425(1)
14.12.5 Graft Copolymers Based on Natural Rubber
425(1)
14.12.6 Epoxidized Natural Rubber
426(1)
14.12.7 Ionic Thermoplastic Elastomers Based on Natural Rubber
427(1)
14.13 Introduction to the Manufacture of Rubber Products
428(3)
14.13.1 Processing Methods
429(2)
14.13.2 Vulcanization Techniques
431(1)
14.14 Applications of Natural Rubber
431(1)
14.14.1 Dry Rubber Products
431(1)
14.14.2 Latex products
432(1)
14.15 Natural Rubber, a Green Commodity
432(1)
14.16 Conclusions
433(4)
References
433(4)
15 Electronic Structures and Conduction Properties of Biopolymers
437(24)
Mohsineen Wazir
Vinita Arora
A.K. Bakhshi
15.1 Introduction
437(1)
15.2 Electronic Conduction in Proteins
438(9)
15.2.1 Introduction
438(1)
15.2.2 Investigations of Electronic Structure and Conduction Properties of Periodic and Aperiodic Polypeptides
439(5)
15.2.3 Factors Affecting the Conduction Properties of Proteins
444(3)
15.3 Electronic Conduction in DNA
447(6)
15.3.1 Introduction
447(1)
15.3.2 Mechanisms of Electron Transfer in DNA
447(1)
15.3.3 Factors Affecting the Conductivity of DNA
448(1)
15.3.4 Investigation of the Electronic Structure of DNA Base Stacks
448(5)
15.4 Conclusions
453(8)
References
454(7)
Part 4 Biopolymers for Specific Applications
16 Applications of Biopolymers in Agriculture with Special Reference to Role of Plant Derived Biopolymers in Crop Protection
461(22)
S. Niranjan Raj
S.N. Lavanya
J. Sudisha
H. Shekar Shetty
16.1 Introduction
461(1)
16.2 Biopolymers
462(1)
16.3 Sources of Biopolymers
463(4)
16.3.1 Plants
463(1)
16.3.2 Microbes
464(2)
16.3.3 Animals
466(1)
16.3.4 Agricultural Wastes
466(1)
16.3.5 Fossils
466(1)
16.4 Application of biopolymers in agriculture
467(2)
16.5 Seed coating for value addition
469(1)
16.6 Plant Derived Biopolymers in Plant Growth Promotion
470(4)
16.7 Plant Derived Biopolymers in Plant Disease Management
474(2)
16.8 Integrated Use of Plant Gum Biopolymers
476(1)
16.9 Transgenically Produced Biopolymers
477(1)
16.10 Conclusions and Future Prospects
478(5)
References
479(4)
17 Modified Cellulose Fibres as a Biosorbent for the Organic Pollutants
483(42)
Sami Boufi
Sabrine Alila
17.1 Introduction
483(1)
17.2 Cellulose Structure
484(4)
17.2.1 Molecular Level
484(1)
17.2.2 Supermolecular Structure
485(1)
17.2.3 Ultrastructure
486(2)
17.3 Application of Natural Lignocellulosic Materials as Adsorbents for Organic Pollutants
488(3)
17.4 The Use of Modified Cellulose Fibres as a Sorbent for the Organic Pollutants Removal
491(18)
17.4.1 Adsorption of Model Organic Compounds on Surfactant Treated Cellulose Fibres
491(6)
17.4.2 Different Strategies of Surface Chemical Modification of Cellulose Fibres
497(12)
17.5 Adsorption Properties of Modified Cellulose Fibres
509(5)
17.5.1 Adsorption of Herbicides
512(2)
17.6 Adsorption Isotherm Modelisation
514(2)
17.7 Thermodynamic Parameters
516(1)
17.8 Adsorption Kinetic Modelling
516(3)
17.9 Column Studies
519(1)
17.10 Column Regeneration
519(1)
17.11 Investigation of Adsorption Mechanisms by Laser Induced Luminescence
520(1)
17.12 Conclusion
521(4)
References
522(3)
18 Polymers and Biopolymers in Pharmaceutical Technology
525(34)
Istvan Eros
18.1 Introduction
525(1)
18.2 Purpose of the Use of Polymers in Pharmacy and Medicine
526(21)
18.2.1 Active Substances
527(1)
18.2.2 Bases for Preparations
528(1)
18.2.3 Filling, Binding, Stabilizing and Coating Materials
528(1)
18.2.4 Polymers Controlling Drug Release
529(18)
18.3 Administration of Active Substances through the Mucosa of Body Cavities with the Help of Polymers and Biopolymers
547(6)
18.3.1 Mucoadhesion
548(1)
18.3.2 Mucoadhesive Preparations in the Gastrointestinal Tract
549(1)
18.3.3 Drug Administration through the Nasal Mucosa
550(1)
18.3.4 Mucoadhesive Preparations on the Mucosa of the Eye
551(1)
18.3.5 Mucoadhesive Preparations in the Rectum and in the Vagina
552(1)
18.4 Conclusion
553(6)
References
554(5)
19 Biopolymers Employed in Drug Delivery
559(16)
Betina Giehl Zanetti Ramos
19.1 Introduction
559(1)
19.2 The Most Studied Biopolymers in Drug Delivery
560(11)
19.2.1 Cellulose Derivatives
561(2)
19.2.2 Biopolymers from Marine Source
563(2)
19.2.3 Others Polysaccharides
565(4)
19.2.4 Polyhydroxyalcanoates
569(1)
19.2.5 Biopolymers from Proteins
570(1)
19.3 Conclusion
571(4)
References
571(4)
20 Natural Polymeric Vectors in Gene Therapy
575(30)
Patit P. Kundu
Kishor Sarkar
20.1 Introduction
575(2)
20.2 Cationic Polymers
577(1)
20.3 Natural Polymers as Nonviral Vectors in Gene Therapy
578(21)
20.3.1 Chitosan
578(14)
20.3.2 Gelatin
592(1)
20.3.3 Alginate
593(1)
20.3.4 Arginine
594(2)
20.3.5 Collagen
596(3)
20.4 Conclusions
599(6)
References
599(6)
Index 605
Susheel Kalia is Assistant Professor in the Department of Chemistry, Bahra University (Shimla Hills), India. He received his PhD from Punjab Technical University Jalandhar, India. He has 33 research papers to his credit in international journals along with 45 publications in proceedings of national & international conferences as well as several book chapters. He is a life member of the Asian Polymer Association and Indian Cryogenics Council. He has edited the book, Cellulose Fibers, Bio- and Nano- Polymer Composites (Springer 2011). He is currently working in the field of polymer composites, cellulose nanofibers, hydrogels and cryogenics. Luc Avérous is Director of the Laboratory of Engineering Polymers for Advanced Technologies at the University of Strasbourg, France. He obtained his PhD in science and polymer engineering from the School of Mines of Paris in 1995. For the last 15 years his major research projects have dealt with multiphase systems (blends, multilayers, biocomposites and nano-biocomposites) based on agro-resources (starch, lignins, chitosan, cellulose etc.) and biopolyesters (PLA, PHA, PCL etc.). He has been particularly involved in the study of the materials-process-properties chain. He has published more than 60 journal articles, 15 book chapters, has 2 patents to his name, and has co-edited 3 books. With his expertise in starch-based materials, and more generally in biopolymers, he is regularly invited to organise symposia and conferences.
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