The book examines how early twentieth century Black theatre artists depicted national mythologies of the United States.
White-authored pageants and plays written for the 1932 Bicentennial celebration of George Washington’s birthday relegated Black Americans to the periphery through racist stereotyping. Black activists Mary Church Terrell and W. E. B. Du Bois seized the opportunity to place Black people at center stage and to revise contemporary views of Washington and of Black achievement. Terrell’s The Pageant-Play of Phyllis Wheatley and Du Bois’s George Washington and Black Folk dramatize how the achievements of Black men and women fit into the US origin story. The book combines O’Malley’s edited versions of these two scripts with a scholarly monograph contextualizing them within the larger Bicentennial event. This edition will be the first time that Terrell’s pageant, a biography of the life of the enslaved African poet Phillis Wheatley, has ever been published. Du Bois’s pageant is a transgressive revision of the Washington myth.
This interdisciplinary book will be a valuable resource for college and university courses in American theatre and performance studies, Black Studies, and Women’s Studies, as it includes the scripts themselves, the book is particularly useful in theatre or literature classes in these subject areas.
The book examines how early twentieth century Black theatre artists depicted national mythologies of the United States. White-authored pageants and plays written for the 1932 Bicentennial celebration of George Washington’s birthday relegated Black Americans to the periphery through racist stereotyping.
Acknowledgements vii
Authors Note viii
Abbreviations ix
Part I
Historical Background and Critical Analyses 1
1 Washington Conscious: The George Washington Bicentennial of 1932 3
2 Idealizing Washington: Portrayals of an Enslaver 35
3 Black Voices and the Bicentennial: Performances By and For Black Citizens
60
4 Visions of Washington in DC: Three White-Authored Bicentennial Performances
87
5 Terrell Chooses Wheatley: The Creation of the Wheatley Pageant-Play 133
6 The Trials of Mary Church Terrell: The Production of the Wheatley
Pageant-Play 175
7 Du Bois and the Bicentennial Crisis: George Washington and Black Folk 201
8 Conclusion 225
Part II
Edited Script 229
9 Historical Pageant-Play Based on the Life of Phyllis Wheatley by Mary
Church Terrell 231
Index 266
Lurana Donnels OMalley is Professor Emerita in Theatre and Dance at the University of Hawaii at Mnoa, USA, where she taught in the areas of Euro-American theatre history, research, and directing from 1991 to 2025.