| Preface |
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ix | |
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1 Introduction to Body Area Communications |
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1 | (20) |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2 Promising Applications |
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2 | (6) |
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1.2.1 Medical and Healthcare Applications |
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3 | (4) |
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1.2.2 Assistance to People with Disabilities |
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7 | (1) |
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1.2.3 Consumer Electronics and User Identification |
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7 | (1) |
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1.3 Available Frequency Bands |
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8 | (3) |
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8 | (2) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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1.4 Standardization (IEEE Std 802.15.6-2012) |
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11 | (10) |
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1.4.1 Narrow Band PHY Specification |
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12 | (1) |
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1.4.2 UWB PHY Specification |
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13 | (2) |
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1.4.3 HBC PHY Specification |
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15 | (3) |
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18 | (3) |
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2 Electromagnetic Characteristics of the Human Body |
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21 | (34) |
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2.1 Human Body Composition |
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21 | (1) |
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2.2 Frequency-Dependent Dielectric Properties |
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22 | (1) |
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2.3 Tissue Property Modeling |
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23 | (7) |
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2.4 Aging Dependence of Tissue Properties |
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30 | (5) |
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2.5 Penetration Depth versus Frequency |
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35 | (4) |
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2.6 In-Body Absorption Characteristic |
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39 | (4) |
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2.7 On-Body Propagation Mechanism |
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43 | (6) |
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2.8 Diffraction Characteristic |
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49 | (6) |
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52 | (3) |
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3 Electromagnetic Analysis Methods |
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55 | (34) |
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3.1 Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method |
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55 | (16) |
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55 | (4) |
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3.1.2 Absorbing Boundary Conditions |
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59 | (5) |
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64 | (1) |
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3.1.4 FDTD Flow Chart and Code |
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65 | (2) |
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3.1.5 Frequency-Dependent FDTD Method |
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67 | (4) |
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3.2 MoM-FDTD Hybrid Method |
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71 | (7) |
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73 | (2) |
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3.2.2 Scattered Field FDTD Formulation |
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75 | (1) |
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3.2.3 Hybridization of MoM and FDTD Method |
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76 | (2) |
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3.3 Finite Element Method |
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78 | (5) |
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3.4 Numerical Human Body Model |
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83 | (6) |
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87 | (2) |
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4 Body Area Channel Modeling |
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89 | (54) |
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89 | (2) |
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91 | (27) |
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4.2.1 Free-Space Path Loss |
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91 | (1) |
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4.2.2 On-Body UWB Path Loss |
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92 | (6) |
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4.2.3 In-Body UWB Path Loss |
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98 | (6) |
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4.2.4 In-Body MICS Band Path Loss |
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104 | (3) |
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4.2.5 HBC Band Path Loss and Equivalent Circuit Expression |
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107 | (11) |
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4.3 Multipath Channel Model |
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118 | (25) |
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4.3.1 Saleh-Valenzuela Impulse Response Model |
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119 | (1) |
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4.3.2 On-Body UWB Channel Model |
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119 | (16) |
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4.3.3 In-Body UWB Channel Model |
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135 | (6) |
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141 | (2) |
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5 Modulation/Demodulation |
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143 | (38) |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (11) |
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144 | (3) |
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147 | (4) |
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151 | (4) |
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5.3 Demodulation and Error Probability |
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155 | (13) |
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5.3.1 Optimum Demodulation for ASK, FSK and PSK |
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155 | (4) |
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5.3.2 Noncoherent Detection for ASK, FSK and PSK |
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159 | (2) |
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5.3.3 Optimum Demodulation for IR-UWB |
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161 | (3) |
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5.3.4 Noncoherent Detection for IR-UWB |
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164 | (3) |
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5.3.5 MB-OFDM Demodulation |
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167 | (1) |
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168 | (6) |
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174 | (7) |
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179 | (2) |
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6 Body Area Communication Performance |
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181 | (42) |
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181 | (1) |
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6.2 On-Body UWB Communication |
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182 | (19) |
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182 | (12) |
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194 | (4) |
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6.2.3 Maximum Communication Distance |
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198 | (3) |
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6.3 In-Body UWB Communication |
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201 | (11) |
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201 | (5) |
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206 | (6) |
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6.4 In-Body MICS-Band Communication |
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212 | (4) |
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212 | (1) |
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213 | (3) |
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6.5 Human Body Communication |
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216 | (3) |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (2) |
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6.6 Dual Mode Body Area Communication |
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219 | (4) |
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221 | (2) |
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7 Electromagnetic Compatibility Considerations |
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223 | (44) |
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223 | (2) |
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225 | (20) |
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225 | (2) |
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7.2.2 Analysis and Assessment Methods |
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227 | (7) |
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7.2.3 Transmitting Power versus SAR |
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234 | (11) |
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7.3 Electromagnetic Interference Analysis for the Cardiac Pacemaker |
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245 | (22) |
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7.3.1 Cardiac Pacemaker Model and Interference Mechanism |
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245 | (4) |
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7.3.2 Electromagnetic Field Approach |
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249 | (1) |
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7.3.3 Electric Circuit Approach |
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250 | (5) |
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7.3.4 Transmitting Signal Strength versus interference Voltage |
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255 | (7) |
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7.3.5 Experimental Assessment System |
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262 | (4) |
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266 | (1) |
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8 Summary and Future Challenges |
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267 | (6) |
| Index |
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273 | |