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E-raamat: Building Aerodynamics [World Scientific e-raamat]

(Univ Of Bristol, Uk)
  • Formaat: 304 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 17-Apr-2001
  • Kirjastus: Imperial College Press
  • ISBN-13: 9781860947537
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • World Scientific e-raamat
  • Hind: 144,14 €*
  • * hind, mis tagab piiramatu üheaegsete kasutajate arvuga ligipääsu piiramatuks ajaks
  • Formaat: 304 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 17-Apr-2001
  • Kirjastus: Imperial College Press
  • ISBN-13: 9781860947537
Teised raamatud teemal:
This book starts, by explaining briefly the origins of wind. It then proceeds to the normal forms of presentation for wind data, and explains how each is used in the appropriate analysis. The general aerodynamics of bluff bodies is explained in Chapter 2.Wind loading, wind environment, rain, ventilation, fire and effluent from chimneys are considered in the following chapters. Experimental methods are discussed in the penultimate chapter. Up to this point, theory and practice are discussed, and no design data are presented.Necessary statistics insofar as they concern the earlier chapter material are presented in the last chapter. This is not a theoretical study, but simply pointing the reader to the appropriate statistical technique and presents the relevant expressions.
Summaries 1(8)
The Wind
9(20)
Global Circulation
9(3)
Extratropical Cyclones or Temperate Systems
12(1)
Strong Wind Speeds
13(6)
Mean Velocity Profile
14(2)
Turbulence Profile
16(1)
Spectral Density Function
16(2)
Length Scales of Turbulence
18(1)
Stability of the Atmosphere
19(3)
Definition
19(1)
Implications
20(2)
Inversions
Stable and Unstable Atmospheres
Application to Wind Tunnels
Application to the Wind Engineer
22(7)
Displacement Height and Ground Roughness
23(1)
Reference Wind Speed
24(2)
Justification for Using Strong Wind Data
26(3)
Wind Loading
Wind Environment
Ventilation Studies
Natural Ventilation
Forced Ventilation
Smoke Dispersion in the case of Fire
Removal of Effluent from Buildings
Near Field
Far Field
Flow Around Bluff Bodies in Turbulent Flow
29(28)
Shear-free Flow (Two Dimensional)
31(17)
Dynamic Similarity
31(4)
Reynolds Number
Mach Number
Froude Number
Strouhal Number
Pressure, Force and Moment Coefficients
Separation and Reattachment
35(4)
Reynolds Number
Turbulence in the Approaching Air
Surface Roughness
Pressure Gradient
Effective Reynolds Number
Difference between Sharp-Edges and Rounded Buildings
39(2)
Oscillatory Flow Patterns
41(5)
Vortex Shedding
Flow Switching
Special Shapes
46(2)
Stranded Cables
Swing of a Cricket Ball
Electrified Train Overhead Line
Shear Flow
48(9)
Three Dimensional Flow
48(4)
Leading Edge Vortices
52(2)
Separation Bubble on Roof
54(1)
Effect of Proximity of Other Buildings
55(2)
Wind Loading
57(60)
Quasi-Static Approach
62(18)
Buffeting
63(1)
Relation between Peak Value of Wind Speed and Pressure Coefficient
63(1)
Effect of Size (TVL Formula)
64(3)
Correlation Across Faces
67(1)
Effect of Proximity of Other Buildings (Funnelling)
68(1)
Extreme Values of Pressure
69(2)
Values of Internal Pressure
71(3)
Analysis for Determination of Internal Pressure in Small Volumes
Monte Carlo Simulation
74(1)
Calculation of Loads and Moments from Measurement of Pressure
75(5)
Divergence
80(1)
Fully Dynamic
80(25)
Equations of Motion
82(2)
Measurement of Damping
84(1)
Equation of Motion for a Whole Member: Generalised Mode Displacement
85(3)
Generalised Mass
Generalised Stiffness
Generalised Force
Aerodynamic Damping
Lateral (or Cross Wind) Galloping
88(7)
Wake Galloping
95(2)
Torsional Galloping and Divergence
97(3)
Reynolds Number Excitation (Drag Saddles)
100(1)
Flow Switching
101(1)
Flutter
102(3)
Wake Flutter
Frequency Dependant Members
Flexure-Torsion Flutter
Mildly Dynamic Approach
105(9)
Mechanical Admittance Factor
106(2)
Dynamic Augmentation Factor
108(1)
Effect of Natural Frequency
109(1)
Effect of Damping
110(1)
Excitation of Harmonics
111(1)
Dynamic Augmentation Factor Calculation
111(1)
Effect of Size
112(2)
Dampers
114(3)
The Addition of a Damper When There is Relative Movement between Two Parts of the Structure
114(1)
Dampers Providing a Reference Point
114(3)
Simple Form
Tuned Damper
Multi-frequency Damper
Broad Band Damper
Wind Environment
117(22)
Effect of Temperature
118(1)
General Points and Typical Pit-falls
119(3)
Wind Tunnel Investigation
122(14)
Criteria of Acceptability
123(13)
Comfort Criteria
Distress Criteria
Comparison with Empty Spaces
Response to Vibration
136(3)
Rain and Snow
139(18)
Rain
140(15)
Terminal Velocity
140(1)
Size of Rain Drops
141(1)
Effect of Wind
141(2)
Impingement of Rain on a Vertical Wall
143(5)
Prediction of the Probability of the Occurrence of Rain
Prediction of the Probability of the Quantity of Rain
Protection from the Rain
148(5)
On the Face of a Building with a Solid Wall
A Roof Over an Area with Open Sides
Louvres
153(1)
Calculations Which Can Be Made
153(2)
Possibility of Occurrence of Rain
Estimates of the Maximum Deposition on a Wall in a Spell
Estimates of the Maximum Deposition on a Wall in a Short Period
Estimation of the Probability of Rain Penetration of Overhang/Barrier
Snow
155(2)
Data on Snowflakes
156(1)
Ventilation
157(24)
Assumptions made
158(1)
Natural Systems
159(9)
Losses through Openings
159(1)
Effect of Partitions
160(1)
Values for Losses
160(1)
Doors and Louvres
General Leakiness of Building
The Value of the Internal Pressure and Calculation Procedure
161(5)
Two Separate Volumes Joined by an Opening
166(2)
A Central Building with Multiple Satellites
168(1)
Forced Systems
168(7)
Wind Tunnel Calculations
168(6)
Choice of Fans
174(1)
Car Parks
175(6)
Natural Ventilation
175(4)
Mechanical Ventilation
179(1)
Hybrid Systems
179(2)
Fire
181(8)
Natural Systems
183(1)
Forced Systems
183(3)
Smoke Zones
186(1)
Make-up Air
187(1)
False Ceilings
187(1)
Escape Routes
187(2)
Emissions from Buildings
189(20)
The General Flow Pattern
191(2)
Breaking Cleanly at the Top of a Chimney
193(9)
Dynamic Similarity for Tall Chimneys
193(2)
The Value of the Velocity Ratio
195(1)
Influence of Adjoining Buildings or Members
196(2)
Importance of Parameters
198(1)
Ground Level Concentration
199(1)
Concentration on Emission
199(1)
Vertical Velocities and Inversions etc
200(1)
Dealing with Many Chimneys on a Building
200(2)
Emissions from the Roof of a Building
202(3)
Measurement of Concentrations
205(1)
The Chimney Effect
205(4)
Sailing
209(14)
The Problem
209(2)
The Theory
211(2)
Application
213(10)
Experimental Methods
223(24)
Wind Tunnels
224(22)
The Effect of Shear and Turbulence
224(2)
Shear
Turbulence
Generation of an Atmospheric Boundary Layer in a Wind Tunnel
226(2)
Measurement of Velocity
228(5)
Pitot-Static Tubes
Hot Wire Anemometers
Hot Wire Anemometer Variations
Laser Doppler Anemometers
Scour Tests
The Irwin Probe
Measurement of Pressure
233(7)
The Use of Tubing: Attenuation and Amplification
Restrictors
Scanivalves
Multi-banks of Transducers
Pneumatic Averagers
Measurement of Quasi-Static Loads
240(4)
Balances
Integration of Pressures
Measurement of Dynamic Loads
244(1)
Concentrations in Emissions
245(1)
Computer Fluid Dynamics
246(1)
Necessary Statistics
247(30)
Definitions
247(5)
Magnitude or Size
248(1)
Frequency or Time
249(3)
Measurement of Magnitude
252(9)
Moments of the Probability of Density Function
252(2)
Transformation of Variables
254(1)
Special Distributions
254(7)
Gaussian or Normal Distribution
Weibull distribution
Exponential Distribution
Mixed Distribution for Negative Pressures
Rayleigh Distribution
Binomial Distribution
Other Distributions
Joint Probability
Mixed Populations
Mutually Exclusive Events
Mutually Inclusive Events
Measurement of Time or Frequency
261(4)
Spectral Density Function
261(1)
Two-sided Spectral Density Function
262(1)
Aliasing
263(1)
Effect of Instrumentation Averaging Time and Sample Length
263(2)
Accuracy of Fast Fourrier Transform
265(1)
Two Point Correlation
265(1)
Extreme Values
266(11)
Basic Theories
267(1)
Fisher Tippett Type 1 Solution
Rates of Convergence
The Return Period or the Mean Recurrent Interval
Extremes Knowing Maxima of a Number of Samples
268(6)
Theory
Extremes from ``Peak over Threshold Values''
Confidence Lines
Probability Expression by Gringorton
Best Linear Unbiased Estimator (BLUE) Method
Extreme Values from the Weibull Distribution for Wind Speed
274(3)
References 277(4)
Subject Index 281