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E-raamat: Carbohydrates in Grain Legume Seeds: Improving Nutritional Quality and Agronomic Characteristics [CABI e-raamatud]

Edited by (John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK)
  • Formaat: 352 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 12-Jan-2000
  • Kirjastus: CABI Publishing
  • ISBN-13: 9780851994673
  • CABI e-raamatud
  • Hind: 90,00 €*
  • * hind, mis tagab piiramatu üheaegsete kasutajate arvuga ligipääsu piiramatuks ajaks
  • Formaat: 352 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 12-Jan-2000
  • Kirjastus: CABI Publishing
  • ISBN-13: 9780851994673
Hedley (applied genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK) overviews the significant role that domesticated grain legumes have played in the social evolution of humankind, global legume production and consumption. Eight contributions stemming from an undated European Union-funded project entitled "Carbohydrate biotechnology network for grain legumes" elucidate carbohydrate chemistry, grain legumes in human and animal nutrition, processing, seed physiology and biochemistry, biotechnology, breeding and agronomy, and strategies for enhancing grain legume carbohydrates and their image as "poor man's meat" in order to counteract shrinking demand. Includes 73 pages of references. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

The compounds making up the dry weight of seeds play a major role in determining the nutritional quality, and ultimately the uses of the economic value of the seed. The carbohydrate fraction can be divided into starch fibre and soluble carbohydrates. This book covers the chemistry, nutritional value, physiology, processing and breeding/biotechnology of carbohydrates in grain legume seeds. There is currently no book available which covers the strategies for improving carbohydrates in grain legumes which takes into account both nutritional and agricultural requirements. This books fills that gap.
Contributors xi Preface xv Introduction 1(14) Cliff Hedley The Grain Legumes 1(1) Grain Legume Production 1(6) Grain Legume Consumption 7(4) Grain Legume Carbohydrates 11(4) Carbohydrate Chemistry 15(46) Pavel Kadlec The Carbohydrates 15(16) Soluble carbohydrates 16(6) Polysaccharides 22(6) Other carbohydrate components 28(3) Chemical Analysis of the Carbohydrates 31(30) Soluble carbohydrates (monosaccharides, sucrose, α-galactosides, cyclitols) 31(14) Polysaccharides 45(11) Other carbohydrate components 56(5) Nutrition 61(28) Halina Kozlowska Introduction 61(1) The Content of Carbohydrates in Grain Legumes Utilized in Europe 62(7) The content of carbohydrates in grain legumes used for human nutrition 62(5) The content of carbohydrates in grain legumes used for animal nutrition 67(2) Physiological Effect of Grain Legume Carbohydrates in Animal Nutrition 69(10) Consumption of grain legume carbohydrates in feed 69(2) Effect of mono- and disaccharides in animal nutrition 71(1) Effect of oligosaccharides in animal nutrition 71(3) Effect of starch in animal nutrition 74(2) Effect of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) in animal nutrition 76(2) Effect of grain legume carbohydrates in ruminant nutrition 78(1) Physiological Effect of Grain Legume Carbohydrates in Human Nutrition 79(10) Nutritional classification of grain legume carbohydrates 79(3) Consumption of grain legume carbohydrates in food 82(2) Physiological effect of available carbohydrates from grain legumes 84(1) Physiological effect of unavailable carbohydrates from grain legumes 85(4) Processing 89(28) Balint Czukor Native Starch 89(12) Isolation 89(4) Granular structure 93(5) Functional properties 98(3) Modified Starch 101(8) Physical methods 102(2) Chemical methods 104(4) Biotechnological methods 108(1) Food Application of Native and Modified Legume Starches 109(1) Effect of Processing on Starch and Other Carbohydrates in Foods 110(6) Resistant starch formation 110(2) Content, composition and digestibility 112(4) Legume Seeds as a Source of Raw Materials 116(1) Seed Physiology and Biochemistry 117(28) Ryszard J. Gorecki The Legume Seed 117(5) Seed components 117(2) Seed development 119(3) The Accumulation and Biosynthesis of Carbohydrates 122(9) Accumulation of soluble carbohydrates 122(3) Biosynthesis of soluble carbohydrates 125(3) Accumulation of starch 128(2) Biochemistry of starch 130(1) Physiological Role of Carbohydrates in Legume Seeds 131(14) During seed development 131(5) During temperature stress 136(1) During seed storage 137(1) During germination 138(7) Biotechnology 145(64) Nickolay Kuchuk Introduction 145(1) In vitro Cultures and Plant Regeneration of Grain Legumes 146(10) Introduction to in vitro culture 146(2) Plant regeneration systems 148(1) Pioneering studies on pea regeneration 149(1) Regeneration via somatic embryogenesis 150(1) Regeneration via organogenesis and multiple shoot formation 151(2) Recent studies to produce more efficient, fast and reliable systems for regeneration 153(1) Factors effecting regeneration 154(1) Advantages of the different developmental pathways for in vitro manipulation 155(1) Isolated Protoplasts from Grain Legumes 156(6) Introduction to protoplast cultures 156(1) Protoplast cultures from leguminous species 157(1) Application of grain legumes protoplasts to the study of carbohydrates 158(4) Somaclonal Variation in Grain Legumes 162(19) Introduction 162(1) Factors causing variation 163(1) Mechanisms of somaclonal variation 163(1) Potential and disadvantages of somaclonal variation 164(1) Variation in grain legumes at the cell and tissue culture level in vitro 165(7) Variation in grain legumes at the whole plant level 172(9) Transformation Methods in Grain Legumes 181(14) Introduction 181(1) Gene delivery systems used in agronomically important legumes 182(1) Methods giving positive results--transgenic plants 183(1) Transgenic plants and useful genes/traits transformed into grain legumes 184(8) Field trials with transgenic grain legume plants and commercialized transgenic legume crops 192(1) Future prospects 193(2) The Availability and Possible Manipulation of Genes Involved in Starch Biosynthesis 195(4) Biochemical pathways of starch biosynthesis 195(1) The availability of genes involved into starch biosynthesis 196(2) The availability of other genes influencing starch biosynthesis and starch quality 198(1) The Availability and Possible Manipulation of Genes Involved in α-Galactoside Accumulation and Degradation 199(2) Biochemical pathways of α-galactoside biosynthesis 199(1) The availability of genes involved in α-galactoside accumulation and degradation and their possible manipulation 199(2) Cell Suspension Culture as a Model for Studying Carbohydrate Metabolism 201(8) Introduction 201(1) Composition of plant cell walls 202(1) Biosynthesis of the cell wall components 202(1) Oligosaccharides as signals and substrates in the plant cell wall 203(1) Plant cell suspension cultures--a powerful tool in investigating cell wall metabolism 204(5) Breeding and Agronomy 209(24) Goran Engqvist Current Breeding Goals 209(2) Breeding Techniques 211(2) Pedigree breeding 211(1) Bulk selection 212(1) Deviations from the pedigree and bulk methods 212(1) Access to Genetic Variation 213(7) Germplasm banks 213(1) Existing variation for the carbohydrates 214(1) Newly identified genetic variation 214(6) Selection Methods 220(2) Physical Screening Methods 222(3) Near-infrared (NI) spectroscopy 224(1) Mid-infrared spectroscopy 225(1) Some Agronomic Considerations of Carbohydrates 225(2) During plant growth and development 225(1) During seed development 226(1) European Registration Requirements for New Varieties 227(6) Background 227(1) Agronomic characters 228(3) Technological characters 231(1) Chemical characters 232(1) Strategies for Manipulating Grain Legume Carbohydrates 233(8) Cliff Hedley The Problems 233(2) Strategies for Overcoming the Problems 235(3) The soluble carbohydrates 235(2) Starch 237(1) Fibre 237(1) Conclusions 238(3) References 241(74) Index 315